Historic Cultural Resources in Relation to the Central Arizona Water Control Study

Author(s): Lyle M. Stone; James E. Ayres

Year: 1983

Summary

Flooding along the Salt, Gila, Verde, and Agua Fria Rivers in February and March of 1978 resulted in extensive damage to property in Central Arizona and in the disruption of ground transportation and commerce in the greater Phoenix area. Major flooding also occurred along these rivers in December, 1978 and February, 1980. The recognition of this flooding problem, and of requirements for the regulatory storage of Central Arizona Project (CAP) water, prompted the U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation) to initiate the Central Arizona Water Control Study (CAWCS) in July of 1978. The objectives of the CAWCS were to identify and evaluate alternative measures for flood control and regulatory water storage in Central Arizona. Both structural (i.e., dam construction or modification, levee construction), and nonstructural (i.e., flood proofing, flood plain regulation, water exchange) alternatives were to be considered within a large study area. A Safety of Dams (SOD) issue was subsequently recognized and incorporated in the CAWCS study process.

As the study progressed through a consideration of eight alternative plans, a preferred alternative (the agency-proposed action) to address these objectives was selected by Reclamation. Several critical factors were considered in comparing alternative plans, and in defining the preferred plan alternative, including:

- flood control performance of a plan

- regulatory water storage performance

- dam safety

- economics (cost/benefits)

- environmental impacts

- social impacts

- institutional constraints

Each of these factors was thoroughly evaluated in relation to the plan alternatives during the three stage study process. Stage I established the parameters of the flood control and regulatory water storage problems to be addressed, defined a number of actions (termed elements) which might contribute to the resolution of these problems, and recommended specific actions that warranted further study on the basis of their performance characteristics. Of the 34 elements reviewed during Stage I, 20 were recommended for further consideration at a Stage II level of analysis.

During the Stage II analysis, competing elements (those which served similar functions but which were at different locations) were compared in order to define and retain those which best served a particular function. These 10 remaining elements were then combined into 13 intermediate plans, termed systems, each of which could provide for flood control and regulatory water storage.

At the beginning of Stage III, 10 elements remained in the study. These were combined into seven candidate plans, each of which satisfied flood control, safety of dams, and regulatory water storage objectives. An eighth plan (No Action) was also defined as a basis for evaluating the effects of a proposed undertaking. As the critical factors were considered in relation to each plan, two of the eight plans (numbers 4 and 5) were eliminated due to cost and associated adverse social and environmental effects. The remaining six plans were analyzed in detail; one plan (dubbed Plan 6) was subsequently identified as the agency-proposed action.

In undertaking this study, Reclamation contracted with the firm of Dames and Moore to assist in defining and evaluating the alternative plans, and to prepare a draft environmental impact statement for the agency-proposed action. Archaeological Research Services, Inc., and the Arizona State University, Department of Anthropology (Office of Cultural Resource Management) were under subcontract to Dames and Moore for the historic and prehistoric cultural resource aspects of the CAWCS respectively. The historic cultural resource study was initiated in April, 1979, and concluded in December, 1981, and involved preparing reports and supporting documentation relative to each of the study stages above. For the purposes of this study, historic cultural resources are defined as those sites or properties which were occupied after the time at which written records became available for an area. As applied to the Southwestern United States, historic sites may include those in existence at or subsequent to the period of initial Spanish contact (during the 16th century).

Cite this Record

Historic Cultural Resources in Relation to the Central Arizona Water Control Study. Lyle M. Stone, James E. Ayres. Tempe, AZ: Archaeological Research Services, Inc. 1983 ( tDAR id: 405570) ; doi:10.6067/XCV81J9CPJ

This Resource is Part of the Following Collections

Keywords

Culture
Historic • Historic Native American

Material
Adobe • Building Materials • Cement • Cobble

Site Name
Adam's House Site • Adams Ranch • Arizona dam • Ashurst-Hayden Dam • AZ O:14:1 (ARS) • AZ O:14:127 (ASU) • AZ O:14:128 (ASU) • AZ O:14:2 (ARS) • AZ O:14:3 (ARS) • AZ O:14:4 (ARS) • AZ O:14:5 (ARS) • AZ T:3:10 (ARS) • AZ T:3:11 (ARS) • AZ T:3:12 (ARS) • AZ T:3:13 (ARS) • AZ T:3:1a (ARS ) • AZ T:3:1b (ARS) • AZ T:3:2 (ARS) • AZ T:3:3 (ARS) • AZ T:3:4 (ARS) • AZ T:3:49 (ASU) • AZ T:3:5 (ARS) • AZ T:3:6 (ARS) • AZ T:3:7 (ARS ) • AZ T:3:8 (ARS) • AZ T:3:9 (ARS) • AZ U:15:10 (ARS) • AZ U:15:5 (ARS) • AZ U:15:6 (ARS) • AZ U:15:7 (ARS) • AZ U:15:8 (ARS) • AZ U:15:9 (ARS) • AZ U:16:1 (ARS) • AZ U:16:102 (ASM) • AZ U:16:114 (ASM) • AZ U:16:131 (ASM) • AZ U:16:151 (ASM) • AZ U:16:165 (ASM) • AZ U:16:166 (ASM) • AZ U:16:171 (ASM) • AZ U:16:173 (ASM) • AZ U:16:177 (ASM) • AZ U:16:2 (ARS) • AZ U:16:2 (ASM) • AZ U:16:222 (ASM) • AZ U:16:223 (ASM) • AZ U:16:27 (ASM) • AZ U:16:28 (ASM) • AZ U:16:3 (ARS) • AZ U:16:4 (ARS) • AZ U:16:5 (ARS) • AZ U:16:6 (ARS) • AZ U:16:69 (ASM) • AZ U:16:7 (ASM) • AZ U:16:71 (ASM) • AZ U:16:72 (ASM) • AZ U:16:73 (ASM) • AZ U:16:74 (ASM) • AZ U:16:75 (ASM) • AZ U:16:77 (ASM) • AZ U:16:8 (ARS) • AZ U:16:82 (ASM) • AZ U:16:87 (ASM) • AZ U:16:92 (ASM) • AZ U:16:94 (ASM) • AZ U:2:140 (ASU) • AZ U:2:30 (ASM) • AZ U:2:300 (ASU) • AZ U:2:301 (ASU) • AZ U:2:4 (ARS) • AZ U:2:5 (ARS) • AZ U:2:6 (ARS) • AZ U:2:7 (ARS) • AZ U:2:8 (ARS) • AZ U:2:9 (ARS) • AZ U:3:10 (ARS) • AZ U:3:11 (ARS) • AZ U:3:12 (ARS) • AZ U:3:19 (ASM) • AZ U:3:2 (ARS) • AZ U:3:26 (ASM) • AZ U:3:3 (ARS) • AZ U:3:4 (ARS) • AZ U:3:5 (ARS) • AZ U:3:57 (ASU) • AZ U:3:6 (ARS) • AZ U:3:63 (ASU) • AZ U:3:7 (ARS) • AZ U:3: 71 (ASU) • AZ U:3:8 (ARS) • AZ U:3:9 (ARS) • AZ U:4:1 (ARS) • AZ U:4:19 (ASM) • AZ U:4:2 (ARS) • AZ U:4:3 (ARS) • AZ U:6:1 (ARS) • AZ U:6:10 (ARS) • AZ U:6:108 (ASM) • AZ U:6:109 (ASM) • AZ U:6:11 (ARS) • AZ U:6:11 (ASM) • AZ U:6:112 (ASM) • AZ U:6:113 (ASM) • AZ U:6:12 (ARS) • AZ U:6:120 (ASM) • AZ U:6 :125 (ASM) • AZ U:6:126 (ASM) • AZ U:6:129 (ASM) • AZ U:6:13 (ARS) • AZ U:6:134 (ASM) • AZ U:6:139 (ASM) • AZ U:6:14 (ARS) • AZ U:6:14 (ASM) • AZ U:6:142 (ASM) • AZ U:6:147 (ASM) • AZ U:6:148 (ASM) • AZ U:6:15 (ARS) • AZ U:6:15 (ASM) • AZ U:6:150 (ASM) • AZ U:6 :154 (ASM) • AZ U:6:16 (ARS) • AZ U:6:160 (ASM) • AZ U:6:161 (ASM) • AZ U:6:163 (ASM • AZ U:6:164 (ASM) • AZ U:6:165 (ASM) • AZ U:6:166 (ASM) • AZ U:6:17 (ARS) • AZ U:6:18 (ARS) • AZ U:6:19 (ARS) • AZ U:6:2 (ARS) • AZ U:6:2 (ASU) • AZ U:6:20 (ARS) • AZ U:6:21 (ARS) • AZ U:6:22 (ARS) • AZ U:6:23 (ARS) • AZ U:6:24 (ARS) • AZ U:6:25 (ARS) • AZ U:6:26 (ARS) • AZ U:6:26 (ASM) • AZ U:6:27 (ARS) • AZ U:6:28 (ARS) • AZ U:6:29 (ARS) • AZ U:6:3 (ARS) • AZ U:6:3 (ASM) • AZ U:6:30 (ARS) • AZ U:6:31 (ARS) • AZ U:6:32 (ARS) • AZ U:6:33 (ARS) • AZ U:6:34 (ARS) • AZ U:6:35 (ARS) • AZ U:6:36 (ARS) • AZ U:6:37 (ARS) • AZ U:6:38 (ARS) • AZ U:6:39 (ARS) • AZ U:6:4 (ARS) • AZ U:6:4 (ASM) • AZ U:6:40 (ARS) • AZ U:6:41 (ARS) • AZ U:6:42 (ASM) • AZ U:6:43 (ASM) • AZ U:6:44 (ARS) • AZ U:6:45 (ARS) • AZ U:6:45 (ASM) • AZ U:6:46 (ARS) • AZ U:6:46 (ASM) • AZ U:6:47 (ARS) • AZ U:6:48 (ARS) • AZ U:6:49 (ARS) • AZ U:6:5 (ARS) • AZ U:6:5 (ASM) • AZ U:6:50 (ARS) • AZ U:6:51 (ARS) • AZ U:6:52 (ARS) • AZ U:6:53 (ARS) • AZ U:6:54 (ARS) • AZ U:6:56 (ASM) • AZ U:6:59 (ASM) • AZ U:6:6 (ARS) • AZ U:6:61 (ASM) • AZ U:6:64 (ASM) • AZ U:6 :66 (ASM) • AZ U:6:7 (ARS) • AZ U:6:71 (ASM • AZ U:6:76 (ASM) • AZ U:6:78 (ASM) • AZ U:6:79 (ASM) • AZ U:6:8 (ARS) • AZ U:6:84 (ASM) • AZ U:6:85 (ASM) • AZ U:6:89 (ASM) • AZ U:6:9 (ARS) • AZ U:6:99 (ASM) • AZ U:8:1 (ARS) • AZ U:8:10 (ARS) • AZ U:8:133 (ASU) • AZ U:8:2 (ARS) • AZ U:8:21 (ASU) • AZ U:8:3 (ARS) • AZ U: 8: 36 (ASU) • AZ U:8:4 (ARS) • AZ U:8:5 (ARS) • AZ U:8:51 (ASU) • AZ U:8:52 (ASU) • AZ U:8:53 (ASU) • AZ U:8:6 (ARS) • AZ U:8:60 (ASU) • AZ U:8:63 (ASU) • AZ U:8:64 (ASU) • AZ U:8:65 (ASU) • AZ U:8:7 (ARS) • AZ U:8:70 (ASU) • AZ U:8:8 (ARS) • AZ U:8:80 (ASU) • AZ U:8:81 (ASM) • AZ U:8:85 (ASM) • AZ U:8:85 (ASU) • AZ U:8:87 (ASU) • AZ U:8:9 (ARS) • AZ V:13:1 (ARS) • AZ V:13:2 (ARS) • AZ V:13:23 (ASM) • AZ V:13:24 (ASM) • AZ V:13:3 (ARS) • AZ V:13:33 (ASM) • AZ V:13:36 (ASM) • AZ V:13:37 (ASM) • AZ V:13:38 (ASM) • AZ V:13:4 (ASM) • AZ V:13:42 (ASM) • AZ V:13:56 (ASM) • AZ V:13:59 (ASM) • AZ V:13:61 (ASM) • AZ V:13:63 (ASM) • AZ V:13:65 (ASM) • AZ V:5:1 (ARS) • AZ V:5:117 (ASU) • AZ V:5:118 (ASU) • AZ V:5:122 (ASU) • AZ V:5:2 (ARS) • AZ V:5:3 (ARS) • AZ V:5:4 (ARS) • AZ V:5:5 (ARS) • AZ V:5:6 (ARS) • AZ V:5:7 (ARS) • AZ V:5:8 (ARS) • AZ V:5:9 (ARS) • AZ V:5:93 (ASU) • AZ V:5:97 (ASU) • Beardsley Canal • Blue Point Administrative Site • Buell House • Butte City • Carl Pleasant Dam • Chevron's House Site • Cline Cemetery • Cline Ranch • Corona's House Site • D. Cline Ranch • Diversion Dam • Florence-Casa Grande Canal • Fort McDowell • Fort Reno Road • Golden Bell Mine • Government Ditch • Government Hill • Granite Reef Dam • Horseshoe Dam • Indian Camp • J. Cline Homestead • Johnson House • Jones Ditch • KA Ranch • Kelvin Cemetery • Lake Pleasant Inn • Manzon's Ditch • Mitchell Springs Ranch • Old Blue Point Ranger Station • Phoenix Aqueduct • Phoenix-Prescott Road • Ray Junction Station • Redwood Canal • Ripsey Mill • Roger's Ranch • Roosevelt Dam • Roosevelt Hotel • Salt River Valley Road • Santa Maria Seaplane Site • Sheep Bridge • Sheep Station • Southern Pacific Railroad • Stewart Mountain Dam • Sultana-Arizona Mine • Tom Hall House • Tonto National Monument • Town of Cline • Town of Cochran • Town of Kelvin • Town of Price • Town of Riverside • Town of Roosevelt • Wooley Station • Zellweger Ranch Show More

Site Type
Adobe House • Agricultural or Herding • Archaeological Feature • Barite Mine • Bridge • Cabin • Cable Crossing • Camp • Canal • Canal or Canal Feature • Cement Mill • Cement Structure • Cemetery • Charcoal Pile • City • Cobble Foundation • Cobble Hearth • Coke Oven • Commercial or Industrial Structures • Construction Camp • Corral • Dam • Dam Construction Camp • Dam Construction Facility • Domestic Structure or Architectural Complex • Domestic Structures • Encampment • Factory / Workshop • Fort • Funerary and Burial Structures or Features • Gaging Station • Grave • Hearth • Highway Maintenance Station • Historic Structure • Homestead • Hotel • House • House Site • Indian Work Camp • Inn • Kiln • Lime Kiln • Manganese Processing Site • Metal Tank • Military Structure • Mill • Mine • Mine Claim • Mine Prospect • Mine-Related Structures • Mine Shaft • Mine Tunnels • Non-Domestic Structures • Opal Mine • Oven • Petroglyph • Powder Magazine • Power Canal • Processing Site • Prospect Hole • Quarry • Railroad • Railroad Camp • Ramada • Ranch • Ranger Station • Resort • Resource Extraction / Production / Transportation Structure or Features • Road • Road, Trail, and Related Structures or Features • Roasting Pit / Oven / Horno • Rock Art • Rock Store • Settlements • Shade Structure / Ramada • Shed • Stage Station • Stockade Enclosure • Structure • Surveyor's Station • Tank • Town • Town / City • Trash • Uranium Mine • Water Control Feature • Windmill • Work Camp Show More

Investigation Types
Site Evaluation / Testing

General
CAWCS • Central Arizona Water Control Study • Flood Control • Water Storage

Geographic Keywords
Agua Fria River • Ak Chin Indian Reservation • Apache Junction, AZ • Arizona (State / Territory) • Buckeye, AZ • Buttes Dam • Chandler, AZ • Cliff Dam • Confluence Dam • Florence, AZ • Fort McDowell Indian Reservation • Gila (County) • Gila Bend, AZ • Gila River • Gila River Indian Reservation • Glendale, AZ • Hassayampa River • Maricopa (County) • Mesa, AZ • New River • New Waddell Dam • Papago Indian Reservation • Phoenix, AZ • Pinal (County) • Roosevelt Dam • Salt River • Salt River Indian Reservation • Santa Cruz Wash • Scottsdale, AZ • Stuart Mountain Dam • Superior, AZ • Sycamore Creek • Tempe, AZ • Tonto Creek • Verde River Show More

Temporal Keywords
1880s • 1890s • 1900s • 1910s • 1920s • 1930s • 1940s • 1950s • 1960s • 19th Century • 20th Century • Historic • Recent

Spatial Coverage

min long: -113.687; min lat: 32.473 ; max long: -109.874; max lat: 34.561 ;

Individual & Institutional Roles

Contact(s): USDI Bureau of Reclamation, Phoenix Area Office

Collaborator(s): Dames and Moore; Arizona State University (ASU)

Landowner(s): Bureau of Reclamation; U. S. Forest Service; Bureau of Land Management; State of Arizona

Sponsor(s): USDI Bureau of Reclamation, Phoenix Area Office

Prepared By(s): Archaeological Research Services, Inc.

Submitted To(s): USDI Bureau of Reclamation, Phoenix Area Office

Record Identifiers

Purchase Order No.(s): 3-PG-32-05910

File Information

  Name Size Creation Date Date Uploaded Access
CCRS-1983-009-Historic-Cultural-Resources-in-Relation-to-the-C... 108.10mb Dec 1, 1983 May 12, 2016 11:18:53 AM Confidential
Note that there is no page 23, although no content is missing, and figure 2 is not included. The file was approved for upload as is by the USDI Bureau of Reclamation, Phoenix Area Office on 20 April 2016.

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Contact(s): USDI Bureau of Reclamation, Phoenix Area Office