South America (Geographic Keyword)
176-200 (1,291 Records)
The Átures Rapids in the Middle Orinoco region are mentioned in the historical sources as a key trading center linking the Western Llanos of the Orinoco and the Guyana, where people, goods and ideas were exchanged. A recent study in Picure Island, located in the rapids, present a variety of ceramic temper wares, beads and quartz crystals associated in stratigraphically excavated contexts. The ceramic sherds recovered in Picure are closely related to other archaeological sites in the Middle...
Ceramic ware as an expression of art, ritual, and cultural identity: The case of the Cerro de Oro bowl (2016)
This research focuses on the analysis of one of the most common and representative types of bowls identified at the archaeological site of Cerro de Oro (Cañete Valley, Perú). According to prior morphological and stylistic analysis, we have determined that this type of bowl was the preferred support for the display of geometric and figurative iconographic representations recording its variations throughout time. Taking this apparent preference into account, this talk intends to analyze the...
Ceramics and the Indigenous Histories of Southeastern Amazonia (2016)
Ceramics buried in dark earths guard different histories from indigenous groups, including the millenary process of occupation interfluvial and riverine areas of Southeastern Amazonia. These histories are often related to the regional settlement of Tupi-Guarani speaking groups, and the relations they established with their Arawak and Carib neighbors. We argue that some ceramic elements can be interpreted as a materialization of short or long time contacts between these groups. The main objective...
Ceremonial and Psychotropic Plants of the Tiwanaku (AD 500-1000): New Evidence for Erythroxylum Coca and Anadenanthera Colubrina from the Omo Temple in Moquegua, Peru. (2017)
The consumption of psychotropic substances is a ceremonial practice widespread worldwide since antiquity, however, archaeological evidence for the role of plants in rituals is scarce and interpretations are mostly derived from ethnographies and iconography. Among other methods of analysis, Paleoethnobotany is one of the most indicated for the finding of micro and macro remains involved in ceremonies. This paper presents the results of a Paleoethnobotanical analysis conducted at the site of Omo...
Ceremonial Center and Domestic Rituals: The Case of Campanayuq Rumi, South-Central Highlands of Peru (2016)
The main theme of this paper is to reconsider the relationship between the ritual activities in public architecture and domestic rituals carried out in the area outside of ceremonial core through the recent data of Campanayuq Rumi, a late Initial Period and Early Horizon ceremonial center in the Peruvian south-central highlands. New data from the domestic areas of Campanayuq Rumi suggest that ritual activities had been carried out before the construction of public architecture. While the...
Cerro Arena: Early Cultural Complexity and Nucleation in North Coastal Peru (1980)
This resource is a citation record only, the Center for Digital Antiquity does not have a copy of this document. The information in this record has been migrated into tDAR from the National Archaeological Database Reports Module (NADB-R) and updated. Most NADB-R records consist of a document citation and other metadata but do not have the documents themselves uploaded. If you have a digital copy of the document and would like to have it curated in tDAR, please contact us at comments@tdar.org.
Cerro de Oro and the Year A.D. 600: Changing Settlement Patterns in the Lower Cañete Valley (2017)
The year AD. 600 seems to be an important turning point in the settlement pattern of the lower Cañete valley. While settlements prior to this date tend to be small sized and located close to the river margin, the period after AD 600 shows settlements tend to be placed a few kilometers away from the river margin. The largest of these is Cerro de Oro, a 150ha densely populated settlement located on top of a mound, 13km away from the river margin. The construction and use of Cerro de Oro seems to...
Cerro de Oro Funerary Practices: Continuity and Change in two funerary bundles from the south coast of Peru (2016)
The following presentation will compare and contrast two funerary bundles found in the Cerro de Oro site (Cañete Valley, Peru). One from an intrusive Wari funerary structure, with more than 250 offerings, including over 100 textiles which present an unusual variety of manufacturing techniques and iconography. The other, from a local earlier Cerro de Oro occupation; though smaller in size and quantity of offerings, is still impressive being the first bundle of this complexity found for this time...
Chachapoya domestic architecture: identity and interaction within, across, and beyond regional boundaries (2015)
Recent research among Chachapoya societies, who lived in Northeastern Peru between AD900-1500, has drawn attention to the diversity of material culture associated with different sub-regions spanning this large area. In the face of this diversity, one basis that archaeologists have consistently used for grouping these societies together is domestic architecture. Communities across the Chachapoya region built circular houses out of stone, adorning them with functional and decorative features...
Chacras in the Clouds: Documenting High-Altitude Agricultural Landscapes in the Tambillo Valley of Chachapoyas, Peru (2017)
Here we present preliminary results from targeted prospection and an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) flight over the relic agricultural landscapes of the Tambillo Valley in northeastern Peru. This work was carried out as part of the first phase of Proyecto Arqueológico Tambillo (PATA), a project investigating the organization of political landscapes in the montane forest region of Chachapoyas. Specifically, PATA aims to determine whether the densely-clustered Late Intermediate Period settlements...
Challenges and Rewards of Sedentism: the Preceramic Village of Paloma, Peru. in Paleopathology at the Origin of Agriculture (1983)
This resource is a citation record only, the Center for Digital Antiquity does not have a copy of this document. The information in this record has been migrated into tDAR from the National Archaeological Database Reports Module (NADB-R) and updated. Most NADB-R records consist of a document citation and other metadata but do not have the documents themselves uploaded. If you have a digital copy of the document and would like to have it curated in tDAR, please contact us at comments@tdar.org.
The Challenges of Bioarchaeological Research in Peru: Archaeological Field-School Project "Pachacamac Valley" (1991-) (2017)
The archeological study of human burials presents many special challenges. Deterioration begins or accelerates with the exposure to new environmental conditions after recovery. In many cases, the context has to be analyzed in situ by bioanthropologists to record information before the removal of the materials to the laboratory and storage area. Continuous participation of bioarchaeologists is also vital for subsequent analysis of the funerary context many months or years after the end of the...
Challenges of Using NGS to Detect T. cruzi in Human Remains from Pre-Columbian South America (2017)
The trypanosomatid parasites are responsible for devastating human disease worldwide. In the Americas, Trypanosoma cruzi is the causative agent of Chagas Disease (CD), the most epidemic zoonosis in Latin America today. The clinical manifestations of CD, however, have been recognized in archaeological human remains from South America as early as 9,000 years ago. We present preliminary results of a project that applies paleogenomic methods, including targeted enrichment and next-generation...
Change and continuity in ceramic production at Cerro de Oro, Cañete (2015)
Cerro de Oro, a 150ha settlement located on the lower Cañete valley presents a long term occupation that spans from the Early Intermediate Period through Colonial times (0-1600 A.D.). Research performed by the Cerro de Oro Archaeological Project at the site during 2012-2013 has focused on the Early Intermediate-Middle Horizon occupation (500-1000 A.D.) yielding important information regarding the nature of the settlement, the sequence of its construction and use, as well as its possible...
Changing Food Practices at Tequendama, Aguazuque, and Zipacon (Sabana de Bogotá, Colombia) (2016)
The process of domestication has interested archaeologists working in the Andes for decades but for many years problems of preservation and access to certain analyses have caused a lag in the recovery of concrete evidence. Although, previous research carried out in the 1970’s and 1980’s at the preceramic sites of Tequendama, Aguazuque, and Zipacon on the altiplano of the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia yielded a wealth of paleoenvironmental, tool use, and faunal data, few botanical remains were...
Chanka Demographics and Diet: A Case Study In Commingled Remains from the South-Central Peruvian Andes (2016)
Burial sites in the Peruvian Andes, especially around Andahuaylas, Peru frequently consists of many commingled individuals. Most date from ca. AD 1000-1400 placing the individuals in a time of much turmoil as the Wari Empire collapsed and environmental constraints affected the region. This unrest resulted in an eruption of violence and a fight for resources, forcing individuals to restructure their identity. However, despite the plethora of human remains from this area, no ranges for sexing the...
Characterization of ceramics of the Lima Culture – The Villa El Salvador site (2016)
Ceramic samples from the Villa El Salvador site (Early Intermediate Period, 100 BC – 100 AD), located at the Central Coast of Peru, have been analyzed. The goal is the study of production techniques and interchange patterns. The techniques of neutron activation analysis, energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) and Mössbauer spectroscopy were applied to characterize the ceramic samples. Multielemental composition techniques and multivariable analysis allow us the identification of group...
Characterization of the Cerro de Oro pottery style (2015)
This study focuses on the analysis of the ceramic material from the archaeological site Cerro de Oro, located in the Cañete Valley. While the Cerro de Oro pottery style has been defined previously in a generic way (Menzel 1964), this study seeks to reopen the investigation and conduct a deeper analysis with recently excavated material, which allows us to characterize it in itself. The aim is to define an iconographic program that allows us to compare and contrast it with popular styles from a...
Characterizing the mortuary practices in Hualcayán, Ancash, Perú: Analysis of the content and distribution of artifacts in funerary contexts (2016)
In prehistory, the Peruvian highlands contained a complex array of mortuary practices through space and time. In the Ancash region at the site of Hualcayán, several funerary contexts have been excavated since 2011 that demonstrate this variation in mortuary practices between 250 BC to AD 950. This paper presents the results of a study of the archaeological materials excavated from six tombs at Hualcayán, that include the analysis of decorated ceramics, botanical and faunal remains, lithics,...
Characterizing the Relationship Between Two Early States of the Andes: The Moche, The Wari and the Product of their Contact. An Archaeological and Archaeometric Perspective (2015)
This paper explores from an archaeological, anthropological, and archaeometric standpoint the relationships between two early states in Andean prehistory: the Moche of the North Coast (AD 400 - 850) and the Wari of the Southern Highlands of Peru (AD 600 – 1,000.) In spite of many theoretical models that have been proposed to explain the nature of this relationship, little attention has been paid to analyzing the material expressions of such interaction. This paper focuses on one such expression...
Charki and Red Currant Jam: Provisioning Extractive Industries in Republican Highland Peru (2017)
With the current boom in the archaeology of the colonial period in the central Andes, we risk losing sight of the potential for archaeological investigation of the colonial aftermath. Following important work further afield in the Southern Cone, I argue for the particular relevance archaeology could have in exploring trade liberalization, emancipation, and the new commodity booms of the 19th century. Drawing on the recent investigation of a series of Republican tambos (roadside inns) in the...
The Chaupiyunga as an Eco-cultural Frontier: Inter-zonal exchange and negotiation in the Huanangue Valley during the Late Intermediate Period (1100-1470 CE) (2016)
As a region of high ethnic and ecological diversity, the ancient Andes can be viewed as a collection of ecological, cultural, and political frontiers. Studying the processes that occurred along these frontiers is vital to understanding the indigenous political and economic systems that developed throughout the region prior to Spanish contact. As a transitional zone between the coast and the highlands, as well as a geographic bottleneck through which people and goods had to pass, the...
Chenopod data in two countries of South America: Advances in knowledge about the use of Chenopodium in Argentina and Chile from Early Holocene (9000-11000 BP) to Historical Times (250 BP). (2017)
Argentina and Chile are the most austral American countries where Chenopodium species are recovered in several archaeological contexts. In both countries from the north to central and south, various issues are addressed from these findings such as hunter-gatherers subsistence strategies and chenopod grain morphological changes. Multi-proxy methods are used based on pollen, macro and micro botanical remains analyses, and isotopic data. However scarce botanical evidence has carried an uneven depth...
The Chicama Valley Archaeological Project (1989-2000) Revisited (2017)
Between 1989 and 2000, the Chicama Valley Archaeological Project, lead by Glenn S. Russell, Banks Leonard and Christopher Attarian, conducted archaeological survey and excavations in the lower Chicama Valley. This presentation will focus on a broad summary of settlement pattern change with reference to key excavation data that informs interpretation of the survey data. A focus will be how sociopolitical complexity developed in the context of control of irrigation systems. Approximately 25% of...
The Chicama Valley in Time and Space (2017)
The Chicama is one of the largest valleys of the Peruvian coast, was part of the "heartland" of Moche culture, and a frontier between different cultural and linguistic regions at the time of Spanish arrival. This paper will review past and recent research in the valley and and their problems and potentials. Particular attention will be paid to landscape archaeology and the history of irrigation systems and land use through time, themes to be addressed in the other papers of the session.