South America (Geographic Keyword)
26-50 (1,291 Records)
Hasta el momento dos aspectos importantes sobre los antiguos Chachapoya no fueron discutidos de manera satisfactoria. Se trata del orígen y de la organización social de este grupo prehistórico que pobló un territorio extenso al este del río Maranhon (Perú) antes de estar dominado por los inca y los espanholes. La aparición súbita de numerosas poblaciones Chachapoya durante el Intermedio Tardío deja suponer que fueron inmigrantes, los cuales dejaron su tierra natal por razones todavía...
ALIMENTACIÓN Y SOCIEDAD. PALEODIETA DE UNA POBLACIÓN MUISCA DE LA SABANA DE BOGOTÁ, EL CASO DE TIBANICA – SOACHA (2015)
El presente estudio fue llevado a cabo combinando información arqueológica, bioantropológica y análisis químico de hueso, específicamente de isótopos estables en una muestra muisca del sur de la sabana de Bogotá. Como objetivo principal se buscó la reconstrucción de la dieta antigua de la sociedad muisca tardía asentada en Tibanica y su relación con aspectos sociales. Específicamente, la investigación estuvo orientada a comparar la relación isotópica de una muestra de 200 individuos con el fin...
Alterations in South American Oral Health Through the Colonial Period: The Story of Ancient DNA Trapped Within Dental Calculus (2017)
Interpreting the evolutionary history of bacterial communities within the human body (microbiota) is key to understanding the origin of many modern diseases. The link between humans and their microbiota can also be exploited to examine and track the extent and severity of human adaptation to the environment and impacts on health. Here, we utilize a shotgun sequencing approach to examine ancient DNA preserved within dental calculus from a wide range of ancient South Americans (n=162)....
Alternative Strategies in Confronting Looting and Trafficking in Defense of Peruvian Portable Heritage. (2015)
In this presentation I aim to address two issues: first, the state of looting and trafficking of monumental and portable heritage in Peru today, and, second, to propose new strategies to contribute to solving the problem of looting and trafficking. The novel strategies I propose are only part of the solution: they should be compounded and should help strengthen the effectiveness of old, tried and partially successful enforcement strategies. The diversification of options is urgent amidst...
Amazon Economics: the Simplicity of Shipibo Indian Wealth (1980)
This resource is a citation record only, the Center for Digital Antiquity does not have a copy of this document. The information in this record has been migrated into tDAR from the National Archaeological Database Reports Module (NADB-R) and updated. Most NADB-R records consist of a document citation and other metadata but do not have the documents themselves uploaded. If you have a digital copy of the document and would like to have it curated in tDAR, please contact us at comments@tdar.org.
An Amazonian Crossroads: Results from Pilot Fieldwork on the Xingu-Amazon Confluence, Brazil (2016)
The mouth of the Xingu River was an important Lower Amazonian crossroads in colonial-historic times, as attested to in documentary sources. However, little is known about the rich precolumbian past evinced by extensive terra preta (anthropogenic black earth) and abundant artifact deposits. Here, we present research aimed at understanding the longue durée of the spatial articulation of cultural and natural systems. Sited at the entrance to the Xingu River, Carrazedo was a prominent...
Amazonian Landscapes: the characteristics of anthropic landscapes in the Middle Xingu River (Pará, Brazil) from pre-colonial to Contemporary times (2016)
Based on a historical ecology approach, this work aims to investigate interactions between indigenous societies and the natural environment expressed in landscape changes through the analyses of their long term occupation of the Middle Xingu River. My goal is to show the specificities of the indigenous settlements in the region considering the multiple aspects of this process in the human settlement of Amazonia. Although not producing great changes in the landscape, small groups of...
Amazonian mounds. When Human sciences met Earth sciences (2016)
Because the subject of the archaeological study disappears nowadays and exists only as traces, it is necessary to diversify the points of view to comprehend the past. The interdisciplinary approach helps to interpret better the human and natural components of the environment. On the basis of two Amazonian cases, from French Guiana and from Ecuador, it will be shown how cooperation between various disciplines improves considerably the interpretation. The first case concerns thousands of small...
America's Yesterday (1937)
This resource is a citation record only, the Center for Digital Antiquity does not have a copy of this document. The information in this record has been migrated into tDAR from the National Archaeological Database Reports Module (NADB-R) and updated. Most NADB-R records consist of a document citation and other metadata but do not have the documents themselves uploaded. If you have a digital copy of the document and would like to have it curated in tDAR, please contact us at comments@tdar.org.
Ampare y Perjuicios: Land and Legality in a Colesuyo Village during the Colonial Period (2016)
Land tenure is a prominent theme in the study of political and economic transition during the Spanish Colonial Period (AD 1550-1824) in Peru. Previous investigations have tended to focus on the concentration of land ownership into the hands of the ethnically Spanish elite minority, first through encomienda and later through the evolution of haciendas. However, native Andean communities were just as active in engaging the legal system to delineate their holdings and defend them from encroachment....
Analogist Ontology at Chavín de Huantár (2016)
The ontological turn in Anthropology has revealed new possibilities for considering the relationships between humans, material things, and “other-than-human persons,” as well as reassessing the Western notion of a nature/culture dichotomy. One site where these insights have begun to be applied is Chavín de Huantár in Peru. The iconography of the site is well known for its mixed human/animal hybrids, a style that prompted John Rowe to consider the art figuratively as visual kennings, with certain...
Analysis of animal bones in Panquilma and their relation with domestic and ritual spaces (2016)
During Late periods, the use of domestic animals as camelids and guinea pigs were part of a fiscalized economic system which allowed a better management of faunal resource for consumption. These animal species also had a symbolic meaning in the Andean cosmovision that led them to be used in ritual spaces, along with another animals as canids, amphibians, deers, birds and felines. In this study we showed the results of the analysis made on the bone assemblage recovered from the site of Panquilma....
Analysis of food remains in human coprolites from Furna do Estrago prehistoric site, Pernambuco State, Brazil. (2015)
The identification of human food remains from archaeological sites contributes to paleonutrition and paleoepidemiology studies, shedding light on key aspects of human biological evolution and cultural changes.In the present study,macroscopic and microscopic food remains were recovered from human coprolites from Furna do Estrago,Pernambuco State,Brazil.The remains are dated between 1860 +/- 50 (BETA 145954) and 1,610 +/- 70 (BETA 145955) years BP (before present).The region may have been...
Analysis of metallurgical artefacts using pXRF: Understanding metalwork during the contact period in Colombia (2015)
The encounter between the Americas and Europe has been extensively studied. In these studies, gold and silver, its looting, mining and trading are usually the focus of attention. However, the characteristics of metalwork after the conquest have inspired fewer investigations. In this paper I present the results of analyses of samples of metallic and ceramic artifacts, using portable X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (pXRF). These artifacts belong to past metallurgical activities, and were found in...
Analysis of Microbotanical Remains from Chavín de Huántar (2015)
Chavín de Huántar is well-known for its ritual significance in the Andean world, however the nature of both subsistence and temple offerings remain unclear. Though previous research has been carried out on the Chavín de Huántar botanical assemblages, much remains a mystery due to poor overall preservation of carbonized remains. In order to obtain a more complete understanding of Formative Period subsistence, residues extracted from potsherds from sealed Chavín contexts were analyzed for starch...
Analysis of Mortuary Rituals at Panquilma (2015)
In the Early Intermediate Period (AD 1-700) there was a notable development of belief systems or "ideologies of power." These systems reinforced and naturalized the relations of the dominant classes over the less important social groups. The use of ideology to exert control is an efficient tool, especially when applied to concepts of life and death. Funerary practices effectively serve to promote social cohesion, whether related to kinship ties or political and economic means. The intent of...
Analyzing Skeletal Manifestations of Pre-Columbian Tuberculosis in the Northeastern highlands of Peru (2016)
The current understanding of Pre-Columbian tuberculosis is unclear, and in several geographic areas very little is known. To date most knowledge of ancient tuberculosis comes from isolated case studies. These studies are informative as they consider the individual in question but they offer little insight into the demographic or social impact of tuberculosis. This population-based study describes osteological lesions consistent with possible tuberculosis in 15 individual skeletons excavated from...
Anarchy in the Trenches: Perspectives on Buen Suceso (2023)
This is an abstract from the "Finding Community in the Past and Present through the 2022 PARCC Field School at Buen Suceso, Ecuador" session, at the 88th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. In many ways, Buen Suceso is a unique archaeological site. Not only is it a multicomponent site, with evidence for occupation throughout almost the entirety of the ~2,200-year Valdivia sequence and specialized use by the much later Manteño culture, but it exhibits an occupational...
Ancestor veneration in a domestic space in Panquilma. A preliminary approach based on the Ceramic Analysis. (2015)
One of the characteristics of the funerary practices in the central coast during the late periods is the presence of interments inside domestic spaces. It has been proposed that this type of funerary practice in the region is related to an increment in ancestor veneration practices due to the proximity of the Inka invasion. This study presents the analysis of ceramic materials associated to secondary burials recovered from a Central Household Compound in the domestic sector at the site of...
Anchoring the Absolute to the Relative: Recent Chronological Research in the Virú Valley, Peru (2015)
For decades north coast specialists worked within a paradigm that viewed the Moche as an expansionist state. Moche fine ware was regarded as a reliable indicator for dating this polity's imperialism over its neighbours, an idea that traces its roots to the Virú Valley Project of the 1940s. Extensive recent field research has led many to question this colonial model, however, and to propose other, more fragmented, geopolitical scenarios. This shift has both undermined the universal usefulness of...
Ancient Andean Scalarity (2019)
This is an abstract from the "Beyond the Round House: Spatial Logic and Settlement Organization across the Late Andean Highlands" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Scholars of the Andes often assume that the social units they study—residence, community, and region—are monotonically scaled, nested from smaller to larger. This suggests universal correspondences between the analytical and observational objects through which social units are known; hence...
Ancient Human Remains from Central Peru (1981)
This resource is a citation record only, the Center for Digital Antiquity does not have a copy of this document. The information in this record has been migrated into tDAR from the National Archaeological Database Reports Module (NADB-R) and updated. Most NADB-R records consist of a document citation and other metadata but do not have the documents themselves uploaded. If you have a digital copy of the document and would like to have it curated in tDAR, please contact us at comments@tdar.org.
Ancient mitochondrial DNA provides high-resolution timescale of the peopling of the Americas (2016)
Archaeological evidence indicates human presence as far as southern Chile and Argentina by 14.6-14.0 kya (thousand years ago), shortly after the Pleistocene ice sheets blocking access from eastern Beringia began to retreat. Genetic estimates of the timing and route of entry have been constrained by the lack of suitable calibration points and low genetic diversity of Native Americans. We sequenced 92 whole mitochondrial genomes from pre-Columbian South American skeletons dating from 8.6-0.5 kya,...
Ancient plant management at ADEs on Santarem region from an archaeobotanical approach (2016)
ADEs are highly fertile soils found in association with archaeological sites all over the Amazonia that result from ancient societies’ landscape management. We present preliminary results on the research of plant consumption on Amazonian Dark Earths (ADE) sites at Santarem region, Lower Amazon. To tackle questions concerning plant food production and the formation of ADEs at the region three sites are under investigation from an archaeobotanical approach: Serra do Maguari and Cedro on terra...
Ancient woods used in a ritual context at Chenque I cemetery (Pampean region, Argentina) (2017)
Empirical evidence of ancient ritual practices is not often found in many archaeological sites. This complex ideological aspect of past human societies has usually been reported in association with the presence of monuments such as sculptures, tombs, funeral mounds, temples and shrines and also with particular artefacts used during ceremonies and rituals such as ceramic, stone or metal vessels, musical instruments and so on. Archaeobotanical evidence could contribute enormously to the study of...