United States of America (Geographic Keyword)
2,176-2,200 (3,819 Records)
Since the late 1960s in the United States, national systems for the management of archaeological resources have developed. Federal land-managing agencies, which control a total of about one-third of the land in the United States, have developed archaeological resource management programs. State historic preservation programs in each state have begun to function as the managers of much of the archaeological record that is nol on public land. This expansion of public archaeology has had profound...
Managing Missteps: Complications with Marine Magnetometer Surveys and Data Interpretation (2017)
Marine magnetometer surveys are incredibly useful for identifying buried cultural resources. Magnetometers are extremely sensitive instruments that measure anomalies within Earth’s magnetic field. Ferrous materials often associated with man-made objects create these anomalies that archaeologists can identify to potentially find historic and prehistoric sites. Due to the potentially small size of the magnetic readings, any complications in the survey can mask or mislead the interpreter. Much...
Manasota Key Offshore: A Prehistoric Cemetery in the Gulf of Mexico (2018)
The likelihood for the existence of prehistoric sites on drowned landscapes of the continental shelf has been discussed for decades. However, the potentially devastating effects of marine transgression have sparked a debate about the types and characteristics of prehistoric sites that archaeologists expect to find offshore. The Florida Bureau of Archaeological Research recently identified a prehistoric cemetery located in the coastal waters of the Gulf of Mexico. Investigations at the Manasota...
Manifest Disease: An Analysis of Pioneer and Tribal Cemeteries in Early Washington (2015)
This analysis examines differences in mortality between tribal and pioneer individuals living in contemporary Pierce County, near Joint Base Lewis-McChord, during the time between the declaration of the Washington Territory in 1853 and Washington entering the Union in 1889. This study will center on historic mortuary monuments with a focus on how the growing population in an area affects the health of indigenous groups as well as the health of the incoming pioneers. The mortality rates of these...
The Manifestation of Puritan Ideology at 17th-century Harvard College (2013)
Harvard University’s 1650 Charter dedicated the institution to the education of "English and Indian youth of this country in knowledge and godlines [sic]." For several decades, a printing press produced religious works in English and Algonquian, while a small number of Native American students were educated alongside English students at the College, intended to become Puritan ministers and convert Native New Englanders. Intermingled lives created a dynamic and hybrid colonial community that...
The Many Functions And Meanings of Flora Within The Lives of Two American Immigrant Families (2016)
This paper considers the many diverse functions and meanings of flora within the lives of two American immigrant families—the Birys, a family of Alsatian immigrants living in Castroville, Texas and the Domotos, a family of Japanese immigrants living in Oakland, California. Drawing evidence from the archaeological record, modern built landscapes, oral history interviews, and written histories, I demonstrate that plant life played a central role in these families’ struggles to create livable...
Many Remedies to Choose From: Social Relationships and Healing in an Enslaved Community (2016)
When enslaved individuals fell ill, a plethora of cures were available from various sources. For instance, a planter could have a local doctor treat an enslaved woman, or she could treat herself through the use of medicines she purchased or plants she gathered. Whatever choice she made, however, did not occur in a vacuum. Rather, the social connections and relationships that structured her daily life shaped the way in which she sought to heal herself. So far, unfortunately, the interaction...
Mapping Gloucestertown (2018)
Decades of primarily compliance-driven archaeology at Gloucester Point has turned up dozens of buildings, hundreds of postholes, and numerous cultural features that document the rise and fall of this colonial port town and scene of two major military encampments and fort-building episodes. But this evidence has been recovered piecemeal, and it has been difficult to relate individual buildings and sites to town lots and their owners. Our current research involved extensive excavations along with...
Mapping Memories and Digging the Past in Freetown (2020)
This is an abstract from the session entitled "Community Archaeology in 2020: Conventional or Revolutionary?" , at the 2020 annual meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology. This paper presents the latest results of archaeology at the Fowler House, a late 19th and early 20th century Montaukett homesite in East Hampton, New York. Ongoing research at this site is based on a mixed-methods approach that combines ethnography with mapping and archaeological investigation to shed light on...
MAPPING MEMORIES OF FREETOWN: the Meanings of a Native American House in a Black Neighborhood (2018)
The rediscovery of a 20th century Montaukett home in what is remembered as an "historically-black neighborhood" sheds new light on the silenced histories of people of color on Long Island. While efforts are underway to preserve and restore the Fowler house and property, the authors are working with residents, descendants, and community members to understand the relationships that formed around this property, and throughout the Freetown neighborhood. In this paper, landscape and space are...
Mapping Near-Historical Climate Impacts to Coastal Sites (2016)
Historical archaeologists examine material culture dating to the industrial period, which spawned human-induced climate change. We are uniquely positioned to examine changes through the material record. Additionally archeologists have been making and recording observations about the condition of sites for many years. Archeologists in the National Park Service (NPS) have, in doing so, inadvertently left their own record of climate change effects. These observations are stored in NPS’s...
Mapping Settler Colonialism: The Cartography of the Rogue River War, 1855-56 (2020)
This is a poster submission presented at the 2020 annual meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology. Settler colonialism rapidly impacted southern Oregon with the onset of the gold rush. The Shasta, Takelma, and Athapaskan people accommodated the mass immigration of prospectors and settler families in various ways, but ultimately many turned to armed rebellion. The Rogue River War of 1855-56 was a concerted effort by indigenous leaders to resist this incursion by military means, an...
Mapping Shipwrecks of the Revolutionary War: 1778 Battle of Chestnut Neck, New Jersey. (2020)
This is a paper/report submission presented at the 2020 annual meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology. An obscure historical battle along the Mullica River in Port Republic, New Jersey, was one of the first documented amphibious assaults by a foreign nation on South Jersey soil and has led to a continuing investigation of shipwrecks of the Revolutionary War period. These shipwrecks have become field classrooms, using them to instruct students about small boat operations, research...
Mapping Spaces of Care, Resistance, and Resiliency at Tuberculosis Sanatorium Sites (2020)
This is a paper/report submission presented at the 2020 annual meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology. This paper explores how archaeological mapping of institutions intersects with experiences of sanatorium spaces described in oral histories and historical documents, and the relationship between landscape, memory, practice, and performance at former tuberculosis sanatorium sites in California. The Weimar Joint Sanatorium for tuberculosis in Placer County, California, was a...
Mapping Spanish Settlement at Santa Elena (1566-1587): An Integrated Archaeogeophysical Approach (2019)
This is an abstract from the "Technology in Terrestrial and Underwater Archaeology" session, at the 2019 annual meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology. Santa Elena, located on Parris Island along the South Carolina coast, was occupied between AD 1566 and 1587. During this time, it served as the location for five Spanish forts, a colonial town of over 200 settlers, and as the first capital of Spanish La Florida. We combine 30+ years of archaeological investigations with a new...
Mapping the African American Past: a Model of Collaboration for Public Archaeologies. (2013)
Mapping the African American Past (MAAP), hosted by Columbia Center for New Media Teaching and Learning, is comprised of web-based educational modules that stem from partnerships forged between educators, technologists, archaeologists, and students to construct accessible interrelated landscapes. Linking digitized contributions from local historical societies, libraries, and family genealogies, transforming palimpsest into lesson plans and downloadable audio walking tours, creates geographies...
Mapping the Archaeology of Slavery in the Hudson River Valley (2016)
Recent archaeological research is producing an ever expanding literature on the material conditions of slavery in the north, particularly as it existed in New York City and Long Island. As a result, archaeologists and historians now recognize that the built environment of slavery assumed many forms in the northeast, including plantations. Yet, a rigorous archaeological scholarship in the upper Hudson valley is lagging. Archaeologists at the New York State Museum began a project in 2015 entitled...
Mapping The Maritime Frontier: The Development Of Aids To Navigation, Risk Mitigation And The Maritime Frontier Of The Florida Keys. (2017)
The physical landscape of the Florida Keys and its associated reef tract has forced a series of unique adaptations to manage the risk of utilizing the area. The study of human adaptation and modification of the area through the progress of systematic survey, the establishment of an Aids to Navigation (ATON) network, and the further development of maritime infrastructure could be interpreted as a means to measure human exploration and utilization of the maritime frontier. Furthermore, it...
Mapping the Mines, Part 1: Terrestrial LiDAR (2018)
Digital mapping is the trending technology for just about any archaeological fieldwork project. While many universities (and their impassioned students) have access to this new technology and can play with it ad nauseam, its introduction to CRM projects is not as forthcoming as some would like (including CRM practitioners and nascent drone companies). Like all emerging technologies, questions abound about which technology to use, effective application for the task at hand, and most importantly,...
Mapping the Mines, Part 2: UAS Application (2018)
The use of unmanned aerial systems (aka drones) as part of archaeological survey is becoming more common. This approach holds promise for visually describing the complexity of mining landscapes at a level of detail not available to most aerial imagery. However, the methods and resulting data generated with this approach require closer scrutiny. The variety of technological options available for both the UAS, and for post-processing software, creates difficulty in developing a consistent approach...
Mapping the Path to Preservation: Integrating community and research at the Newtown and Chemung Battlefields (2016)
The inclusion of community is vital for the protection of historic sites. However, issues related to present day property rights, economic development, and historic struggles can present obstacles for integrating communities into a preservation project. The Revolutionary War’s Sullivan-Clinton campaign involves a complex history centered on the violent conflict between Haudenosaunee (Iroquois), Delaware, and Continental forces. Historic tensions between the Haudenosaunee and the American and...
Mapping the Sacramento River in 1837 (2018)
The Sacramento River as it flows through the Carquinez Straits into San Francisco Bay is an imposing body of water. Ocean going ships could sail a considerable ways upstream. Whereas early Spanish explorers provided rough, schematic maps of the river as far back as 1824, the first professional mapping was accomplished by surveyors aboard HMS Sulphur, commanded by Captain Edward Belcher in 1837. However, the map resulting from this survey was never published. Recent research at the United Kingdom...
Mapping Town Formation: Precision, Accuracy, and Memory (2013)
The archaeology of town formation is often guided by the use of historic maps; regional maps narrow down the location of lost towns, and local maps match archaeological finds to documented structures. The Port Tobacco Archaeological Project used both regional and local maps to interpret one 60-acre town site, with mixed results. Are the Native American deposits the remnants of Captain John Smith's Potopaco? Do the identified foundations correspond to the buildings on historic maps? Precision...
Marginalizing the Native: An Exploration of the Influence of Alcohol on Native-French Politics during the 17th-19th Century Fur Trade (2015)
From the late 17th to the mid-19th century, Native American and French communities have engaged in dynamic and extensive trade relations. Alcohol became a significant factor that was both heavily exploited and employed during these exchanges. The trade and consumption of alcohol caused a radical change in the way these two peoples interacted. By exploring patterns in the variation of alcohol use at both Native and French sites and employing ethnohistorical data from additional sites in northern...
Marine Turtle Consumption at the 17th Century Site of Port Royal, Jamaica (2017)
The 17th century city of Port Royal, Jamaica was one of the most economically important English ports in the New World. Inhabiting the south side of the island, this defensive fortification protected the entrance to Kingston Harbour. It is well documented that 17th and 18th century ships stopping at this economic center would often provision by hunting marine turtles. Sold at the west market on High Street in Port Royal, these animals were also consumed locally. This paper aims to identify the...