United States of America (Geographic Keyword)
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Tobacco became a major commodity in the Spanish colonies in the late colonial period. But the importance of tobacco increased in post-independence times when the new republics developed their economies and free markets. The ingestion of tobacco also reached new highs at this time. Lacandon Maya in the remote forests of Mexico and Guatemala entered globalization by mastering tobacco cultivation and exchange. The Lacandon produced superb, cheap tobacco that they traded for foreign goods. Tobacco...
"No (repeat no) funds will be available to Traditions Committee:" A Case Study in Memorialization Logistics (2020)
This is an abstract from the session entitled "Monuments, Memory, and Commemoration" , at the 2020 annual meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology. This paper examines the records of the Fort Monmouth, NJ Memorialization Committee from the 1940s through early 21st century to shine a light on the logistics behind memorialization: who/what gets memorialized, when, where, why, and how. The paper also considers what happens when memorials are abandoned. These thousands of pages provide a...
‘no bastan los indios’ – the Chapel of Mission San Juan de Capistrano (2013)
This study investigates the chapel of Mission San Juan de Capistrano [San Antonio] from C18 through C20, and queries social relationships ranging from the initial organization by the Franciscans, their interactions with indigenous groups, the secularisation of the missions in early C19, neglect following secularisation, and reclamation by the Catholic diocese and the National Park Service. Two periods are of interest. One is the founding relationship between the Franciscans and the indios...
No Direction Home; Refining the Date of Occupation at Tikal’s 19th Century Refugee Village. (2016)
In the latter half of the 19th Century, the ancient Maya ruined city Tikal was briefly reoccupied. The frontier village was established some time before 1875, and had a maximum population of 15 households comprised of at least three distinct Maya speaking groups. However, the site was again abandoned when archaeologists visited Tikal in 1881. Most of the inhabitants were reportedly said to be Yucatec refugees fleeing the violence and upheavals of the Caste War of Yucatan (1847-1901) that...
No Fresh Water Except That Furnished by the Rains: Cisterns in Key West, Florida (2013)
Nineteenth-century Key West was one of Florida's largest cities, an important port, an administrative center, and a host to U.S. Naval and Army bases. Yet the island lacked natural fresh water sources, necessitating the use of cisterns to capture rainwater. Recent exavation of three examples provided opportunities to examine cistern construction, adequacy, and water consumption. Water use also had implications with respect to gender and class during the 19th century. Water chiefly related to...
No Longer "Playin’ the Lady": Examining Black Women’s Consumption at the Ransom and Sarah Williams Farmstead (2017)
Archaeological studies of race and consumption have linked black consumer behavior to the negotiation of social and economic exclusion. While these studies have highlighted blacks’ efforts to define themselves after slavery, they have overlooked black women and how they used consumer goods to aspire towards gendered notions of racial uplift and respectability. This paper examines the Ransom and Sarah Williams Farmstead, a historic freedman’s site in Travis County, Texas, to describe the nature...
"No lovlier sight": Tracing the Post-Emancipation Lime Industry on Montserrat and Dominica (2017)
In the second half of the 19th-century, Montserrat citrus limes were world famous, appearing regularly in British advertisements and utilized in the global perfume and beverage markets. But the ways in which this industry impacted the lives of Montserrat’s formerly enslaved laborers has yet to be clearly understood. Preliminary research for a landscape survey of Montserrat, utilizing a comparative approach with Dominica, is presented. As in the case of Montserrat, lime agriculture on Dominica...
"No somos invisibles": Confronting Colonial Legacies of Racism in Narratives of Afro-Peruvian Cultural Heritage (2018)
In 2009, Peru apologized to its citizens of African descent for the discrimination enacted against them since the colonial period. Since this address, the government has instituted a series of initiatives to evaluate the state of the Afro-descendent population today. A key outcome of these efforts has been the expansion of Afro-Peruvian studies, an inter-disciplinary research program that aims to produce knowledge about Afro-Peruvian culture from a historical perspective. However, much of this...
No Way Back from Here: Preliminary Results of the Monterrey Shipwreck Project (2015)
This paper provides an overview and summation of all of the presentations in this symposium. Preliminary findings and interpretations of the data collected during all phases of the Monterrey Shipwreck Project are also presented. These findings and interpretations are based on our current knowledge of these sites, their associated artifact assemblages, and knowledge of the historic and cultural context of the early 19th century Gulf of Mexico. A discussion of the success and failures of some...
Non-Invasive Documentation of Burial Mounds and Historic Earthworks from the Dakota Heartland: A Combined Approach Utilizing LiDAR and Shallow Subsurface Geophysical Methods. (2015)
Recent collaboration between archaeologists, geophysicists, tribes, and preservationists has improved documentation and preservation of precontact and historic earthworks using non-invasive methods. The availability of LiDAR data has revolutionized preservation efforts in the historic Dakota homeland by allowing us to identify and document cemeteries over large areas. At the site-specific scale, aerial LiDAR imaging is utilized in conjunction with subsurface geophysical imaging of earthworks...
Non-Reservation Reservation Era Post-Contact Archeology (2018)
What happens to the identity of indigenous people when they are raised in a tribal community but not within the boundaries of a reservation? The United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians in Oklahoma (UKB) are one of three federally recognized Cherokee tribes and are also known as the "Old Settlers" or "Western Cherokee." The UKB established a reservation in Indian Territory via treaty in 1828. Although the tribe never relinquished this treaty claim, today the United States government does not...
A North Shore Homeland: The Archaeological Landscape of the Ojibwe Village at Grand Portage, Minnesota. (2018)
As co-signatories on the 1854 Treaty of LaPointe, the Grand Portage Band was placed on a reservation within their traditional homeland where they continued to maintain a tribal identify directly tied to Grand Portage Bay on Lake Superior. During the reservation era, the Grand Portage Band lived within a changing cultural landscape created out of the multi-cultural milieu that had existed since the arrival of the French in the 1660s. This paper explores cultural landscape aspects of mobility and...
Nostalgia and Heritage in the Carousel City: Community Identity and Creative Destruction (2018)
The "Carousel City" label for the Binghamton area stems from market "re-branding" for heritage tourism. The carousels were a gift from George F. Johnson, a welfare capitalist whose factories dominated the landscape until they were shuttered in the 20th century. They represent a material remnant of a prosperous, idealized past in a de-industrialized landscape. Archaeological research contests this idealized vision of the past and reveals the role of capitalist processes of creative destruction in...
"Not By Angels": Religious Place-Making in the Sonoran Desert (2015)
When the archaeological traces of migrant religion are encountered in the Sonoran Desert by journalists, humanitarian workers, and social scientists, they are often interpreted as static containers of human belief. Previous discussions of this type of material culture have highlighted the perpetuation of colonial discourses that continue to demarcate and enforce the borders of both religious and migration studies, including the privileging of Western, Protestant, and male comprehensions of...
Not Just Fun and Games: Hacking Archaeology Education (2016)
21st-century communication technologies bridge previously unimaginable spatial, cultural, and ideological gaps, without providing young learners with the rational and emotional tools they need to participate in a global society. With its multicultural perspective on the human condition across time and space, historical archaeology is uniquely equipped to fill this void. But the current state of public education ensures that today’s youth are unlikely to get that opportunity, unless we bring it...
Not on an Even Keel: An Archeological Investigation and Interpretation of the Structural Remains of HMS Fowey (1748). (2015)
One of the primary objectives of the expanded archeological testing of the HMS Fowey shipwreck site was to gather the information necessary to define the extent of future stabilization efforts at the site. Given the substantial loss of archeological material since the site’s initial discovery in 1978, the evaluation and documentation of the surviving intact hull structure was paramount. In addition to providing a thorough documentation of the archeological remains of the surviving structural...
"Not so strange farmers": Rural displacement, colonial agriculture, and economic precariousness in Siin during the 20th century (2013)
This paper uses the results of long-term archaeological survey and oral histories to examine the intersection of rural migrations, colonial rule, and economic impoverishment in the Siin region of Senegal during the 20th century. The Siin is today the theater of acute rural anxiety, a ‘peasant malaise’ carved by the combined effects of ecological crises, declining land productivity, degrading life conditions, and state withdrawal over the past forty years. These worrisome circumstances, however,...
"a [not so] small, but [highly] convenient House of Brick": The St. Paul's Parsonage, Hollywood, South Carolina (2016)
Constructed in 1707, the foundational remains of the St. Paul’s Parish parsonage provide a rare opportunity to study an early colonial residence in South Carolina. Based on 2010 excavations, the parsonage was believed to be a traditional hall and parlor plan; however, recent excavations revealed that the parsonage likely had an enclosed projecting entrance tower. While this feature was common in mid-to-late-17th-century houses in England, Virginia, and other English colonies, they are very rare...
"Not Unmindful of the Unfortunate": Giving Voice to the Forgotten Through Archaeology at the Orange Valley Slave Hospital (2019)
This is an abstract from the "Health and Inequality in the Archaeological Record" session, at the 2019 annual meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology. Beginning in the summer of 2016, Monmouth University began a program of archaeological research at the Orange Valley Slave Hospital in Trelawny Parish, Jamaica. Constructed in 1797, the hospital, now a ruin, dates from the amelioration period that preceded the abolition of the trade in enslaved people and their full emancipation. ...
"…nothing else of great artifactual value" or "…found nothing on the site at all": What remains of an eighteenth century colonial shipwreck in Biscayne National Park? (2016)
The title of this paper illuminates the short sided approach held by those in search of "treasure" in the 1960s and 1970s in south Florida. It also provides a window into the past and present about how the Pillar Dollar Wreck in Biscayne National Park has been, and continues to be, impacted by adventure seekers, treasure salvors and looters. This paper outlines recent archaeological excavations of the Pillar Dollar Wreck and reveals there is still much to be found and studied in the shifting...
Notification Is Not Consultation: Ethical Practices in Community and Indigenous Archaeology (2016)
In the quarter of a century since the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) was enacted, attempts to involve descendant Native communities in research on and interpretation of archaeological resources have been met with limited success. Blurred lines delineating ancestral lands and migration routes across modern state boundaries, historical political alliances, and dynamic cultural identities often cause confusion and a defeatist attitude in approaching and working with...
"A Novelist-Gardener": Masculinity and Illness in Progressive Era California (2016)
Warren Cheney (1858-1921) of Berkeley, California lived during the period in which ideals of Victorian manliness shifted to those of a more brutish masculinity. Suffering from ill health and neurasthenia for most of his life, he pursued an "outdoor life" while also participating in the Bay Area literary arts scene, embodying the tensions and contradictions of shifting gendered behavior ideals. Historical documents and archaeological excavations undertaken at the Cheney family home enable us to...
Now You See It, Now You Don’t (2020)
This is an abstract from the session entitled "Mortuary Monuments and Archaeology: Current Research" , at the 2020 annual meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology. The recoding and digitizing of cemetery data is necessary for preservation of the information and a challenge. In 1976, we collected data on three 18th century graveyards in New Hampshire and we have the original files. In 2015, we returned to rerecord these cemeteries. The cemeteries are Gumpus Hill in Pelham; Thornton...
The NPS Search for Guerrero: Exploration and Partnerships (2018)
The search for Guerrero brings to life a powerful story of human greed, sacrifice, courage, and loss. The effort to locate this shipwreck is supported within the larger framework of the NPS’s five-year Civil Rights Initiative for advancing the management and interpretation of site andstories from within national parks associated with the civil rights movement, African American history, and the African American experience in the United States. It also represents the involvement of the National...
Nuestra Señora de Encarnación: Lost Ship of the 1681 Tierra Firme Fleet (2020)
This is an abstract from the session entitled "Plus Ultra: An examination of current research in Spanish Colonial/Iberian Underwater and Terrestrial Archaeology in the Western Hemisphere." , at the 2020 annual meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology. In 1681, the Tierra Firme fleet departed Cartagena for Portbelo to eventually make the voyage back to Spain with goods from the colonies. En route, a storm struck the fleet, wrecking four vessels and killing more than 500 Spanish...