United States of America (Geographic Keyword)
2,776-2,800 (3,819 Records)
Few dimensions of the color line were monitored as closely as access to American rivers, beaches, and swimming pools, which became strictly segregated in the early 20th century. This paper examines the heritage of color line inequalities in Indianapolis, Indiana's waters, where beaches were segregated, African Americans were restricted to a single city pool, and waterways in African-American neighborhoods still accommodate sewer overflows. Despite that history, a new wave of urbanites is now...
Race, Gender, and Consumerism in Nineteenth Century Virginia (2017)
This paper uses historical and archaeological evidence to consider which consumer goods were available to enslaved men and women in nineteenth century Virginia. At the scale of local markets and stores, supply and variable adherence to laws constrained which goods were available to slaves who were able to purchase and trade for them. By comparing purchases of enslaved African Americans with purchases of whites at the same store, I assess which goods were accessible to each group. I use...
Race, Health, and Hygiene in a World War II Japanese American Internment Camp (2018)
During World War II, approximately 120,000 individuals of Japanese heritage were imprisoned in internment camps in the United States, with 2/3 of the prisoners holding American citizenship. This paper looks at health and hygiene related artifacts found at one such internment camp, the Kooskia Internment Camp, which was located in north Idaho and in operation from May 1943 to May 1945. Hygiene and health products mediated the racial boundaries between not only Anglo American officials and their...
Racism and the Society for Historical Archaeology: Advancing an Anti-Racist Institutional Identity (2015)
Archaeologists are well aware of the ways in which our personal and political lives influence our practice. Since the 1980s the profession has paid increasing attention to the racialization of the past and how white privilege, white supremacy, and racial hierarchy structured the material world and our analysis of it. We have paid less attention to how these conditions continue to structure our institutions. Membership surveys in archaeology demonstrate that our professional societies are...
The Rad Clay Pad that the Spaniards Had: A Geoarchaeological Examination of Sixteenth Century Spanish Forts (2018)
Academia regularly relies on documentary evidence to interpret the relatively rapid culture changes that occur after contact, often ignoring the more long-term patterns and processes of the indigenous response. Geoarchaeological survey allows for an in-depth study of the changes in cultural deposits diachronically, recreating a narrative that is reflective of a wide range of human experience. This paper examines the ideological shift in the Spanish strategy for colonizing La Florida by utilizing...
Radical Heritage Archaeology: A Case Study from the W.E.B. Du Bois Homesite in Great Barrington, Massachusetts (2013)
Archaeology at the W.E.B. Du Bois Homesite was based on the goals of combining archaeological problem solving with the teaching of field methods and techniques. It began in the 1980s when the dominant ethic in archaeology was conservation and Cultural Resource Management. Today, the dominant practice of archaeology has been transformed by projects like the New York African Burial Ground to revolutionized how we think about archaeology’s relationship with the community. This paper, based on...
Railroad Camps in the High Sierras (2015)
Railroad construction camps occupied by Chinese laborers have been investigated archaeologically since the 1960s. The upcoming 150 year anniversary of the construction of the first transcontinental railroad has spurred renewed interest in these sites. This paper will discuss what we have learned from previous studies of railroad work camps and how they inform current interpretations, with special emphasis on drawing connections between the archaeological record and theoretical frameworks for...
"Railroaded" - The Wreck of the Schooner Plymouth! (2015)
An unidentified shipwreck was located in 1996 by CLUE (Cleveland Underwater Explorers) member Rob Ruetschle in Lake Erie, approximately 20 miles off Cleveland, Ohio. CLUE re-visited and surveyed the shipwreck in 2013. After extensive archival research, CLUE identified the wreck as the two-masted schooner Plymouth, which sank on the night of 23 June 1852, after a collision with the sidewheel steamer Northern Indiana. Additional historical research relative to the parties involved revealed a...
Railroads and the Lumbering Frontier in Michigan (2020)
This is an abstract from the session entitled "Roads, Rivers, Rails and Trails (and more): The Archaeology of Linear Historic Properties" , at the 2020 annual meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology. The expansion of the lumber frontier in the Great Lakes region was constrained by the ability to move lumber from wilderness to centers of production. Within a brief timespan, from A.D. 1870 to 1900 thousands of miles of rail were laid to access the timber of the northern interior of...
Railroads, America, and the Formative Period of Historical Archaeology: A Documentary and Photographic Investigation into the Historic Preservation Movement (2016)
The twentieth century, the formative period of historical archaeology, is marked by an ideological shift from the fervent consumerism and industrialism of the nineteenth century, towards a growing institutional concern for the nation’s finite natural and historical resources. A focused case study of twentieth century railroad stations highlights various themes pertinent to the discussion of the role of historical archaeology in the Historic Preservation Movement, which focuses on preservation...
Raising Alexandria: 3D Re-creation of 18th and 19th Century Landscape Development and Use on the Alexandria Waterfront. (2019)
This is an abstract from the "Rebuilding The Alexandria Waterfront: Urban Landscape Development and Modifications" session, at the 2019 annual meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology. Recent excavations along the waterfront in Alexandria revealed a myriad of large, intact features including wharves, warehouses, domestic structures, and the Pioneer Mill. Photogrammetry was used to create 3D models of several of the individual features. This paper will briefly discuss some of the...
Raising Port Royal: A Geospatial Reconstruction of the Colonial City in 1692 (2017)
When an earthquake struck in 1692, the shoreline of Port Royal, Jamaica, was interminably altered as the town fell to the sea. Using integrated GIS and 3D modeling, this project aims to reconstruct the pre-earthquake shoreline of Port Royal in elevated space. Historical maps and archival data are georeferenced to align the old shore with remaining features, allowing for an outline of the former area. From there, bathymetric data as well as archaeological excavations are used to extrude...
Raising The Bar: Archaeology Collections Management (2016)
The Fairfax County Park Authority’s museum standards and use of technology has changed over the years and we are currently reevaluating and improving our archaeology collections care. In spirit of this conference we are making a call to action: we are stressing to those working in archaeology collections the importance of good collections management. Without good collections management, field work, cataloging, researching, and artifacts can lose their original meaning, be insufficiently cared...
The Ralph J. Bunche Community Project (2018)
Built in 1930 in southern Anne Arundel County, Maryland, the Ralph J. Bunche Rosenwald-type school transitioned from a Jim Crow-era school to a community center after integration and a fight from the community to preserve the building and use it as a community center. The surrounding African American community still uses this building to celebrate its history and culture. The University of Maryland and Smithsonian Environmental Research Center partner with the center in preserving the school...
Rations, Hunting, Fishing, and Farms: Pre- and Post-Emancipation Foodways on James Island (2018)
James Island, South Carolina is a place of intergenerational connectedness and a nexus of Lowcountry food culture. Many descendants of the agricultural plantations that once carpeted the island still reside in the area. Archaeological remains uncovered at Stono Plantation are analyzed and twentieth century oral histories of islanders are used in order to compare pre- and post-emancipation foodways. Preliminary findings are discussed.
(Re)Telling the History of Cleveland Urban Neighborhoods (2017)
Like many Rust Belt, Midwest cities, Cleveland has seen a large demographic shift over the last century in its urban neighborhoods. In many cases, the same street or city block has been shaped by the unique sociocultural practices and material arrangements specific to a range of different racial and ethnic groups. In this paper we focus on the 20th century history of two different downtown neighborhoods, Hough and Cedar-Central. We examine how the representations of urban space specific to...
Re-Cataloguing Artifacts from George Washington’s Blacksmith Shop (2020)
This is a paper/report submission presented at the 2020 annual meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology. The blacksmith shop at George Washington’s Mount Vernon has been the subject of six excavations between 1936 and 2007. Research and analysis of these excavations has primarily focused on reconstructing the blacksmith shop and specific blacksmithing activities. Despite the reconstruction of the shop in 2009, there remain significant questions about the daily lives of the enslaved...
Re-envisioning Mount Vernon: a digital reconstruction of George Washington’s Estate. (2015)
The role of the estate as providing support to the hinterland community during the Washington family’s ownership (c. 1675-1858) and prominence beginning with the MVLA’s acquisition of the property have defined community development, both past and present. Though much of the 20th century suburban growth has erased some of the traces of Mount Vernon’s landscape, features remain, from old roadways to 20th century worker’s cottages. The transformation from single-owner plantation, to small farms,...
Re-examining the Missouri River Fur Trade: Comparing Artifact Assemblages from Trade Post Collections (2019)
This is an abstract from the "Frontier and Settlement Archaeology" session, at the 2019 annual meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology. When a series of large dams was built along the Missouri River in the mid-twentieth century, large scale archaeological surveys and excavations took place in areas to be flooded. Collections associated with these archaeological investigations are stored in repositories across the country. New information can be extracted from these "old" collections...
Re-excavating the Highbourne Cay Shipwreck: The Converging Worlds Project Overview (2018)
The Converging Worlds project focuses on the presence of the earliest surviving shipwreck in the Americas; a shipwreck thought to be representative of the first vessels to routinely cross the Atlantic, the first to circumnavigate the globe, and the harbingers of the modern globalized economy we have today. However, amidst this Euro-centric perspective of events, these vessels were also the carriers of disease, mass enslavement, imperialism, and identicide. The Highbourne Cay Shipwreck in the...
Re-Rediscovering Iliniwek Village: Utilizing Material Culture to Better Understand Early Trade Along the Mississippi River. (2019)
This is an abstract from the "From Iliniwek to Ste Genevieve: Early Commerce along the Mississippi" session, at the 2019 annual meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology. Iliniwek Village State Historic Site is the location of a large contact period Peoria Village of up to 8000 people. First encountered by Marquette and Joliet, the village was discovered from a path seen off the Mississippi River in 1673. Lost and forgotten, the site was rediscovered in 1984 and due to its unique...
Reaching for the Channel, Part 3 (2016)
The preservation and exploration of William Dry’s wharf and the entire Brunswick Town/Fort Anderson State Historic Site waterfront would not be possible without the involvement of many different organizations and entities. What started as an archaeological project has evolved into one of the largest and most innovative shoreline stabilization projects in the nation. Archaeologists from the NC Department of Cultural Resources, United States Army Corps of Engineers, East Carolina University, Wake...
Readdressing Conservation In Situ: New Theoretical and Methodological Approaches to Underwater Cultural Heritage Management (2016)
Protecting cultural heritage and disseminating archaeological research are two of the primary tenets of archaeology. Protocols, such as the 2001 UNESCO Convention, emphasize monitoring sites over excavation and conservation because of the financial constraints and labor involved, as well as the physical space needed to treat, store, and display collections. However, no concise field standards exist, few clear directives are offered, and as a result, the application of appropriate conservation...
Reading Animal Remains: Identifying community specific foodways through faunal analysis. (2018)
This study explores the diet of the enslaved communities at James Madison’s Montpelier by analyzing two faunal assemblages from the property. The three enslaved communities provide a look at the social structures and power dynamics of enslaved communities through diet. The presence of different species, both wild and domestic, shows the access available to different communities. this paper explores those relationships by comparing three enslaved communities through five different assemblages at...
Reading Between The Iron Lines: An Analysis Of Cannon Arrangement On Caribbean Shipwrecks (2018)
The aim of this study is to explore how cannon distribution on shipwreck sites can be analyzed to reflect the wrecking event of the ship, crew procedure or emergency action in jettisoning heavy artifacts during a time of disaster, post wrecking salvage operations and in situ changes on the site due to environmental factors like marine growth patterns and fluvial processes. The datasets will include unpublished archaeological information gathered during the 2015 and 2016 East Carolina University...