United States of America (Geographic Keyword)
2,826-2,850 (3,819 Records)
This is a paper/report submission presented at the 2020 annual meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology. The mission of the Osage Nation Historic Preservation Office (ONHPO) is to preserve, maintain, and revitalize the culture and traditions of the Osage Nation. The overarching goal of the ONHPO is to meet the cultural preservation needs voiced by the Osage people. To achieve that goal, every year the ONHPO takes up to twenty Osage Tribal members and other Tribal representatives to...
Reclaiming Memory of Those Unknown: An Archaeological Study of the African-American Cemetery at George Washington’s Mount Vernon (2016)
This paper discusses the ongoing archaeological survey of the African-American Cemetery at George Washington’s Mount Vernon. Ultimately, this project was designed to bring about a better understanding of this space on the plantation landscape and to honor those unknown who call this spot their final resting place. Through the use of this space, it is believed that a portion of Mount Vernon’s enslaved population was able to culturally resist their imposed social position through the reinforcement...
Reclaiming the Landscapes of Black History in Shockoe Bottom 1695 > 1865 > 2015 (2016)
The Shockoe Bottom historic district in Richmond, Virginia holds an invisible 320-year old story of Black life in Virginia that coincided with and contributed to Richmond's origins and development - from 250+ years as a slave society to the end of slavery through Jim Crow and the civil rights era. The community-based struggle to reclaim the Black history of Shockoe Bottom sought first to assert the right to learn more about their history in Richmond but was later forced to focus on protecting...
Recognizing Geomagnetic Storms in Marine Magnetometer Data: Toward Improved Archaeological Resource Identification Practices (2016)
Strong magnetic field perturbations resulting from Earth-directed solar events can adversely affect marine archaeological survey. The immediate onset of geomagnetic storms and fast compression of the magnetopause create short duration, high amplitude spikes in Earth’s magnetic field that appear similar to signatures of archaeological anomalies. Aggressive processing, analysis, and comparison of single instrument survey and observatory datasets collected during geomagnetic storms prevented...
Reconceptualizing the Wichita Middle Ground in the Southern Plains (1600-1840 CE) (2020)
This is a paper/report submission presented at the 2020 annual meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology. The Southern Plains exchange system after 1600 CE was a complicated and fiercely competitive network of fluid alliances, rival interests, and conflict as Indigenous peoples were literally in the middle of overlapping cultural, economic, and physical power bases in the Southeast and Southwest. Although previous narratives surrounding these exchanges have focused on the trade in furs...
Reconnaissance Survey of Ultra-Deepwater Shipwrecks and the Maritime Archaeological Landscape of the Gulf of Mexico (2020)
This is a paper/report submission presented at the 2020 annual meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology. High-resolution geophysical surveys required by the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) in advance on oil industry activities have resulted in the discovery of several hundred shipwreck sites well offshore in the ultra-deep waters of the Gulf of Mexico Outer Continental Shelf. Public, academic, and Federal interest in these sites, coupled with the availability and affordability...
Reconsidering the Colonial Encounter in Plymouth Colony, Massachusetts (2020)
This is an abstract from the session entitled "Perspectives from the Study of Early Colonial Encounter in North America: Is it time for a “revolution” in the study of colonialism?" , at the 2020 annual meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology. One of the interesting disjunctures in the narrative of the colonial encounter in the 17th-century Plymouth Colony is the difference between the historical and archaeological accounts. In historical accounts and out popular culture versions of...
Reconsidering the First Generations of Colonial Encounters in the Lower Delaware Valley of the North American Middle Atlantic (2017)
The Middle Atlantic region is drawing renewed interest among historians, especially during the era of first colonial settlement in the 17th century. Some are reassessing the prominent role of the Lenape and Susquehannock peoples in the course and outcomes of the encounters. Others are challenging previous interpretations of the contests among Dutch, Swedish, and English imperial actors for control over this borderland. Although these scholars are rethinking the concept of frontier, the spatial,...
Reconstructing an Eighteenth-Century Brig from Historical Photographs (2019)
This is an abstract from the "Current Research and On Going Projects at the J Richard Steffy Ship Reconstruction Laboratory" session, at the 2019 annual meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology. The Royal Navy brig Duke of Cumberland was built to counter the French presence on Lake Champlain during the Seven Years' War. In 1909, its remains were raised to attract people to Fort Ticonderoga when it was opened to the public as a heritage site. Unfortunately, its timbers were not...
Reconstructing Daily Life in Little Flat Creek Valley (2015)
The early nineteenth century was tumultuous for Barry County in southwest Missouri. Originally made up of unclaimed acreage and the land grants for the Osage and Delaware Native American tribes, the area was redefined as a county when Missouri reached statehood in 1821 and then later divided into four smaller counties. Through all of these boundary changes the Little Flat Creek Valley was occupied nearly continuously, first by native tribes and later by Phillip Marbut and his family....
Reconstructing La Belle's Casks (2015)
In 1686, the French ship of exploration La Belle sank in Matagorda Bay off the coast of what is now Texas. The ship was excavated in 1996-97 by the Texas Historical Commission, and the ship and its cargo are currently being conserved and prepared for display by Texas A&M Unversity's Conservation Research Laboratory. Amongst the cargo were wood casks containing various trade goods and supplies. This poster presents the methodology developed by the CRL staff to create a simple, stable, and...
Reconstructing New Orleans’ Historic Fisheries: Preliminary Results and Future Directions (2018)
This paper presents zooarchaeological fish data from several archaeological sites in historic New Orleans. First, the author discusses these data in terms of reconstructing the historic fisheries supplying New Orleans’ growing urban population, and he highlights the city’s engagement with both local fisheries and international trade networks. The fish data are used as a starting point for exploring how urban growth in New Orleans impacted fish populations in nearby waters and lead to changes in...
Reconstructing the French Assault on Fort Necessity using Metal Detection (2018)
This paper presents the results of recent metal detection surveys conducted by Indiana University of Pennsylvania at Fort Necessity National Battlefield, Fayette County, Pennsylvania. Fort Necessity was a hastily fortified storehouse located within a historically significant landscape known as Great Meadows. On July 3 1754, British Colonial forces led by George Washington defended Fort Necessity against a small army of French soldiers and French-allied Native Americans. The Battle of Fort...
Reconstructing the Hull and Rig of Blackbeard’s Queen Anne’s Revenge (2018)
The wreck site of Blackbeard’s flagship Queen Anne’s Revenge was first discovered in 1996 and yielded both articulated hull structure and numerous rigging elements, which are currently under study as part of a long-term research project which will culminate in a full reconstruction of the vessel. The rig and hull of a vessel such as Queen Anne’s Revenge are inextricably linked, and need to be studied as a single integrated whole to fully understand not only the specifics of the hull and rig,...
Reconstructing the Pillar Dollar Wreck (2017)
A goniometer was used in situ to measure the curvature of the frames and the dimensions of the keel of the Pillar Dollar Wreck in Biscayne National Park, FL. Using this information, an approximation of the hull shape and general curvature of the ship was generated in Rhino. The shape was rotated to an upright position based on the angle of the top of the keel as it lay in on the sea floor. The data that was collected was used for an approximate reconstruction. With a reconstructed keel, the...
Reconstructing Urban Landscapes at Fort Recovery, Ohio (2017)
Urban landscapes were active environments in the past that present unique challenges during site investigations. During summer 2016 students and staff with Ball State University conducted excavations at the site of Fort Recovery, an early Federal period fort constructed in 1793. Site investigations in the town lot consisted of two GPR surveys and the excavation of a ca. 40 square meter area. Field results revealed the town lot was intensively used from the 1790s to the 1940s. Based on...
Reconstruction of Seventeeth Century Iberian Rigging (2020)
This is an abstract from the session entitled "Plus Ultra: An examination of current research in Spanish Colonial/Iberian Underwater and Terrestrial Archaeology in the Western Hemisphere." , at the 2020 annual meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology. This paper complements the rigging reconstruction of a galleon, of 22 codos (12.65 m) of beam and 1073.33 toneladas of tonnage, based in the Ordenanza of 1613. The Ordenanzas were official documents regulating shipbuilding, equivalent...
Reconstruction of the Lake Champlain Steamboat Phoenix II (2018)
The hull of the Lake Champlain steamboat Phoenix II, built in 1820 and retired in Shelburne Shipyard in 1837, was archaeologically investigated over the course of three field seasons by a team of nautical archaeologists from Texas A&M University and the Lake Champlain Maritime Museum. A reconstruction of Phoenix II from the archaeological material promises to fill several significant gaps in our understanding of the development and diversification of steam technology. To date, only one other...
Reconstruction of the Pillar Dollar Wreck, BIscayne National Park, Florida (2016)
The PIllar Dollar wreck is well-known to treasure salvors and looters, but has only recently been investigated in an archaeological sense. East Carolina University's Program in Maritime Studies conducted an excavation of the site for the Program's 2014 Fall Field School in September. With the knowledge garnered from that project, as well as previous condition reports and treasure salvor guides, this project aims to reconstruct the vessel and learn about its origins and use. The final result will...
Reconstruction of the World Trade Center Ship (2020)
This is an abstract from the session entitled "Current Research at the Conservation Research Laboratory at Texas A&M University" , at the 2020 annual meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology. In 2010, excavators discovered the remains of an 18th-century vessel below the foundation of the World Trade Center in New York City. The wreck was excavated and sent to the Conservation Research Laboratory at Texas A&M University for conservation and documentation. As part of that...
Recording Shipwrecks At The Speed Of Light: Experimental Use Of An Underwater Laser Scanner On The Confederate Ironclad, CSS Georgia (2016)
Since the dawn of underwater archaeology, the ability to record features with a high level of accuracy and detail compared to terrestrial sites has been an extremely difficult prospect. However, according to 2G Robotics, the ULS-200 underwater laser scanner can resolve features on an astounding millimetric scale, but under the most ideal conditions. While this has some very exciting implications for the field of underwater archaeology, the CSS Georgia resides in an extremely challenging and...
Recording the Highbourne Cay Shipwreck: The Process of Documenting a 16th Century Shipwreck Before In Situ Conservation (2018)
The Highbourne Cay shipwreck in the Bahamas was discovered in the 1960s by three skin divers and partially salvaged shortly thereafter by the discoverers under a permit from the government of the Bahamas. The metallic remains of the vessel’s armament were recovered at that time, and surviving hull structure was revealed underneath a ballast mound. The site was periodically surveyed in subsequent decades, and in the summer of 2017 a field season was conducted to excavate and fully record the...
Recovering Family History: Archaeological Investigations at the James Holliday House in Annapolis, Maryland (2013)
For the descendants of the people studied by archaeologists, archaeology can be deeply personal, as it reveals forgotten details of a family’s past. In the case of the James Holliday House in Annapolis, Maryland, the same African American family has occupied the James Holliday House since 1850. In 2009, the great-great-granddaughter of James Holliday asked Archaeology in Annapolis to help fill in the blanks about her family’s history, simply because there was very little information from family...
Recovering the Landscape of an Abandoned Town in Port Tobacco, Maryland (2017)
During the eighteenth century, Port Tobacco was a bustling port town located along the Port Tobacco River in Charles County, Maryland. Today it is a small village with few surviving structures and no commercial establishments. Between 2008 and 2011, systematic archaeological survey of the town defined the locations of many of the town’s early buildings. We recently began a new phase of research within the remains of a print shop. Our current excavation builds on earlier work and allows us to...
Recovery Methods of the CSS Georgia Data Recovery Project (2016)
In 2015, the remains of the CSS Georgia, a Civil War ironclad-ram and a National Register of Historic Places listed site, were fully archaeologically documented and removed as a permitting requirement for the proposed construction of the Savannah Harbor Expansion Project (SHEP). Conducted and overseen by archaeologists with Panamerican Consultants, the data recovery project required the development and implementation of unique methodologies relative to both the working environment and artifact...