Western Europe (Geographic Keyword)
101-125 (350 Records)
The Danish Asiatic Company was founded in Copenhagen in 1732. Direct trade with China was now possible and Copenhageners gained easier access to exotic goods. The Copenhageners could now see themselves as part of a globalized network of metropoles. In their daily life, Copenhageners were able to express familiarity with other cultures and thus express a new kind of knowledge and status. How broadly did this fascination with exotic cultures extend within the population? New investigations...
Fears, Frontiers, and Third Spaces: Rethinking Colonial Encounters in the Early Modern British Atlantic (2017)
The concept of the frontier is often understood to be by definition one sided- one group’s frontier is of course another’s homeland. The idea of the frontier is thus the sign of a failed imagination; a mote in the eye blocking perspective. But the notion of a frontier can also convey liminality and lawlessness, a place apart from rules and regulations, laws and orders. If there is any truth in this construction, then frontiers might also be understood as third spaces. In this paper I will...
Fields and farms in Ireland, 1650-1850: landscape archaeologies of improvement (2013)
My PhD research, funded by the Irish Research Council for the Humanities and Social Sciences, investigates of how Irish rural landscapes developed from 1650 to 1850, looking in particular at four case studies, in counties Clare, Tipperary, Meath and Derry. I explore how later historic rural landscapes reflect the massive social changes of the 17th to 18th centuries, and how archaeologists can contribute to understanding these changes. This paper will examine how rural landscapes inform our...
Finding Alcatrazes – the lost 15th century settlement on Cape Verde (2013)
The paper will outline recent National Geographic sponsored fieldwork on Cape Verde. The aim of the work was to find and characterise the ’lost’ settlement of Alcatrazes. Textual sources show that Alcatrazes was the centre of the northern captaincy, but it failed and disappears from the records around 1516. Today, it isn't known where exactly the settlement was or why it failed. The aims of the fieldwork are to determine its location and investigating possible reasons for its demise. This, in...
First evidences of colonial cultural contact in Northeast Argentina. Settlement and material culture at Sancti Spiritus Fort, 1527-1529 (Puerto Gaboto, Argentina) (2013)
Our case study represents a different example, although symptomatic, of the colonization process promoted by the Crown of Castile from the 16th century. Even as an unofficial project, due to the individual agency of Sebastian Cabot, the fort reflects the colonization process of Latin America in a very clear way, as it shares the main aspirations of the colonialism, and also its principal problems. The archaeological works developed in recent years, besides bringing light to the genesis of the...
"For Me, the Camera is a Sketchbook": a Quick and Low Cost Procedure for 3D Recording in situ Underwater Cultural Heritage. (2015)
Since their invention computers have affected, influenced and often eased several processes in archaeological research. Photogrammetry has long being exploited in underwater archaeology for recording in situ underwater cultural heritage. Moreover, the opportunities offered by computer vision are now being tested and fully exploited by archaeologists and heritage researchers. The present paper discloses the results of a test produced with two softwares combining Structure from Motion and Image...
Foresight, threat analysis and risk assessment of the marine historic environment of England: English Heritage’s development of new approaches and tools to aid heritage management (2013)
Natural processes and human activity impact on our heritage. Focussing on those areas and types of heritage that are least understood, most threatened, most significant and/or most valued by communities, English Heritage’s National Heritage Protection Plan provides a framework to further the protection, management and presentation of England’s historic environment. Formal processes of foresight, threat analysis and risk assessment are considered to be fundamental to delivering the Plan...
Forts, Firebases and Art: ways of seeing the conflict landscape of Africa’s last colony – Western Sahara (2013)
Spain colonised Western Sahara in 1884. Any Spanish sense of place in the territory was limited until the French ‘pacified’ the region in 1934, and the colony was girdled by French and Spanish forts. Spain ceded the colony to Morocco and Mauritania in 1975, and Spain’s disarticulated outposts were replaced by a matrix of earth and stone defensive walls (berms), constructed by the new colonizing power, Morocco, in its bid to secure the territory from nationalist Polisario fighters. Viewing these...
Fragile Narratives: Rewriting Ceramic History (2013)
The production process represents the beginning of the life of material things. In this paper I shall argue that the archaeology of pottery production sites is more than ‘industrial archaeology’ in the traditional sense of the term, but rather the archaeology of industrial production in the widest sense. The evidence derived from ceramic waste recovered from production site excavations informs an understanding of the life cycles of those products which progressed beyond the factory gate to the...
'Frail cabins' and 'princely mansions': architecture and social hierarchy in early modern Munster (2013)
In the opening section of his Gaelic language text The history of Ireland (1632), the Munster cleric Geoffrey Keating took English writers to task for their misrepresentations of Ireland. Keating was particularly aggrieved by their conflation of the habits and material culture of the Irish nobility and the ‘inferior people’. His explicitly class conscious rebuttal of outsiders’ accounts of Ireland forms part of a broader discourse among the native Irish literati concerned with social hierarchy...
From bad habits to good manners: developing bourgeois lifestyles in late 19th century Bogota (2013)
In Bogotá, the capital city of Colombia, the results of archaeoological work and documentary sources, especially those relating to cadastral history, place the so called "House of the Typographer" as an example of the heterogeneity of dissimilar economic conditions of each historical time and of each individual families. By examining in detail these results it is possible to find changes in the conception of what might be seen as a desirable lifestyle as it is reproduced in close...
From Brixton to Paisley Park: Tribute shrines to rock legends in the UK and USA (2018)
On 10th January 2016, many people flocked to Brixton, London to leave tributes in front of a mural depicting Aladdin Sane, a character developed by the musician David Bowie, who had died that day. The same acts of pilgrimage were seen in April 2016 when ‘Prince’ Rogers Nelson died at his private estate in Minnesota; fans laid flowers and tied purple balloons to perimeter fencing. Such practices of public grieving can tell us a good deal about attitudes to death, commemoration and celebrity. In...
From central places to network-centrality? (2013)
Networks are fashionable in contemporary archaeology, but what causes this fascination with network theory in medieval and post-medieval archaeology? This paper will briefly explain the state of current historical archaeology research in Germany, with a focus on how network theories can be profitably used. In particular, the connections between "Zentralorttheorie" and network theory will discussed. Networks detect interactions, and central places can be described as "density...
From galleons to schooners: deforestation, wood supply and shipbuilding on 18th century Portugal. (2016)
On November 26th 1816, the Portuguese-operated ship "Correio da Azia", while sailing from Lisbon to Macao with general cargo and 107,000 silver coins, struck a reef off Western Australia. After a failed salvage attempt, the "Correio" quietly slipped into the History. In 1995, a manuscript detailing her loss was uncovered in Portuguese archives. In 2004, a team from the Western Australia Museum found it. The remains of the Correio da Azia are now more than silent reminders of Portugal’s...
From personal accounts to bureaucratic standards: administration reform in nineteenth century asylums (2013)
Utilising methods drawn from history, archaeology and codicology, this paper will consider the changes and challenges brought about by standardisation of administrative paperwork in public asylums in the nineteenth century. This is drawn from current PhD research based on asylum planning, management and administration in the British Isles.
From Pests to Pets: social and cultural perceptions of animals in post-medieval urban centres (2013)
Cats, dogs, pigs and other animals lived in close proximity to people in post-medieval cities and were probably viewed in terms of their respective functions. For example, cats were kept to deter rodents and exploited for their fur, dogs were protectors of the home and pigs were not only food, but helped to reduce the amount of rubbish where they were kept. However, perceptions and treatment of urban animals were far from static. The emergent animal welfare movement and legislation heralded a...
From Pioneers to Seasoned Professionals: 50 years of the Society for Post-Medieval Archaeology (2016)
2016 marks the 50th anniversary of the foundation of the Society for Post-Medieval Archaeology. The society is marking this achievement in a number of ways, including a major conference at Sheffield and a special issue of the journal Post-Medieval Archaeology. This poster reveals some of the features of the Society’s history, allowing comparisons and contrasts with the experiences of the SHA. From a side-line interest of museum professionals and amateurs, post-medieval archaeology has grown and...
From Vienna to Shangri-La: competing visions of the modern and new in Birmingham’s municipal housing (2018)
During the 1920s and 1930s local authorities from across Britain visited municipal housing schemes in continental Europe to learn more about the provision of new homes. This included representatives from Birmingham, Britain’s second-largest city, in the midst of replacing crowded urban dwellings. The Birmingham Corporation was particularly impressed by inner-city estates in Hamburg, Vienna and Prague, illustrating their recommendations with photographs of flowerbeds, communal facilities and...
From Qabir to Carabo - (8th -13th century, Garb al-Andalus) (2013)
This poster displays a structural analysis of the islamic-medieval vessel called qarib, a local wooden construction, from the Garb al Andalus, beetween the 8th and 13th centuries. This is part of a Doctoral Project for the Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal, with the interdisciplinary scope of underlining the analytical usefulness of wooden assemblages and the physical limitations of the materal itself. Unfortunately, no medieval wrecks have yet been found in this part of the Portuguese...
Galleons for a Transatlantic World (2013)
Galleons for a Transatlantic World The late 16th and early 17th centuries was a period in which English shipping saw the emergence of what might be termed a second generation of carvel construction in which the ‘galleon’ was developed from the carrack derivatives and galleases of Henry VIII’s time. Nowhere are these more beautifully portrayed than in Matthew Baker’s Fragments of Ancient English Shipwrightry preserved in the Pepys Library, Magdalene College, Cambridge. But astonishingly the...
Gendering herding: an ethnoarchaeology of transhumant settlements in the west of Ireland (2017)
In much of Ireland, from early medieval times up to the 19th century, it was common practice to take livestock - cattle especially - up to the hills and mountains for the summer. This was a small-scale transhumance known as booleying, and involved the relocation of a minority of people with livestock to the upland areas. Here they lived in summer (booley) huts and tended to milch cows. The remains of these structures are now the best archaeological evidence of the practice ever taking place....
Gendering the Post-Conflict City: Memory, Memorialisation and Commemoration in Belfast (2016)
Belfast has become synonymous with the study of insidious, civil conflict; especially how ethnic, political and religious divisions are materialized and reproduced in the contemporary city. The impact of focusing on segregation and sectarianism has dominated our understandings of the fractured city leaving the issue of gender sidelined. This paper aims to examine the contemporary city through the lens of competing placemaking strategies: the official implanting of contemporary art and the...
Geophysical survey of the old church yard (c. 1640-1890s) in Tyrnävä, Northern Ostrobothnia, Finland (2018)
In the 2017 survey of the old churchyard of Tyrnävä parish ground penetrating radar and magnetometer were utilized to find the foundations of a church that stood on the site from 1664 until arson in 1865. The parish is situated on the coastal region of Northern Ostrobothnia, Finland and its history dates back to the 17th century. The parish’s churchyard used since the 1640s maintained its status as an active cemetery until the 1890s despite the destruction of the church. With time, the precise...
Going Downhill: the Evolution of a Sheffield Neighbourhood from the 17th to the 20th Century (2013)
During the 2000s, Sheffield saw a sharp increase in developer-funded excavation of 18th- and 19th-century archaeological sites. This was due to extensive re-development of the city centre and a growing recognition of the importance of industrial-period remains to Sheffield’s heritage and identity. Remains of working-class housing built in association with a rapid rise in the population from the mid-18th century formed a significant proportion of the excavated sites. This paper will consider the...
Governing in the Early Modern Sapmi (2016)
In the 17th century, the Swedish kingdom launched exploitation and colonization programs in the northern region of Sápmi. These programs involved political, economic and cultural rhetoric of reform, progress and utility as well as practical and material actions of rearranging the landscape. Traditionally this process has been viewed as largely designed and controlled by the state with rather passive participation/resistance of the Sami. In this paper I will challenge this picture and discuss the...