Western Europe (Geographic Keyword)
51-75 (350 Records)
The Portuguese rule in Goa, India has left behind a lot of tangible remains in the form of antiquities. These include religious structures and secular edifices including equipments used for some specific purpose or common house hold articles. One such site that is of interest to the authors is the Gun Powder Factory at Panelim, similar to one at Barcarena (near Lisbon). Owing to its curious history it finds mention from time to time in many of the reports of Portuguese governors. Gun powder...
The Cattewater Wreck Archive Project (2013)
The Cattewater Wreck was the first wreck to be protected by the UK Government and was partially excavated in the 1970s. The Tudor wreck is believed to be an unidentified armed merchantman. The Cattewater Wreck Archive Project, funded by English Heritage, recently improved the long term care and management of the archive held in Plymouth City Museum. Modern tools and techniques have been applied to the archive, such as stable isotope analysis of fish remains, allowing new interpretations to be...
Changes in animal use in the Modern Period of Portugal (2013)
Portugal has undergone profound changes since the time of the so-called "Discoveries" in the 16th century when new continents were discovered and trade with other countries was intensified. New species were introduced and new strategies of animal husbandry were adopted to adapt to new global and local changes in demography and economy. Zooarchaeology is used in this presentation to show how social change in the Portuguese Modern period can be seen. We study sites including 16th century Crestelos...
Charity and Integration: the Archaeology of Jewish Soup Kitchens (2013)
Soup kitchens emerged in nineteenth century Britain and America as part of the pattern of industrialisation and urban expansion, although the tradition of such charitable provision is a good deal more ancient. Significant factors in the development of these charities were urban expansion and mass immigration from Eastern Europe and Ireland. Almost all the buildings that accommodated such soup kitchens have disappeared, either having been demolished or been converted to other uses. This paper...
Chemists to Cowboys: Labour Identity in Corporate Agriculture in the San Emigdio Hills, California (2016)
In California at the turn of the 20th Century, large companies formed through lands speculation as a result of the land grant system and the dissolution of mission properties. The Kern County Land Company, based in Kern County California, had over 1.1 million acres across the American West, utilizing a varied labour force with the primary agriculture product of cattle. The varied properties were interlinked and employed a plethora of workers from chemists to cowboys. This paper aims to...
Church mummies in the northern Ostrobothnia, Finland (2015)
This poster will present the initial analysis of several hundred mummies recovered from a series of Ostrobothnian churches. The bioarchaeology project by the University of Oulu, Finland analyzed the mummified burials interred underneath the church floors in late-medieval and early modern Sweden. The poster will examine the mummified burials and the material culture of churches as a single assemblage illuminating the transformation in a late-medieval and early modern Nordic worldview.
Cidade Velha (Cape Vert) - Africans and Europeans in an Atlantic city. (2013)
Cambridge University archaeologists have, since 2006, understaken rescue excavations at the historical Portuguese slave transhipment centre of Cidade Velha, Cape Verde. These new World Heritage Site excavations have revealed several structures related to domestic, public and religious functions, such as a church (and its early graveyard), hospital and the town's possible Customs House. From these hundreds of finds were recovered, including glass, metals and pottery. The latter is the most...
The circulation of college crockery in Cambridge, England, c.1760-1950: an urban archaeological tracer dye? (2013)
From c. 1760 onwards the colleges and other component elements of the University of Cambridge, England, regularly used ceramics marked with the names of colleges and the cooks who worked for them. We know with absolute certainty where many of these ceramics were principally employed, during dining in the hall of the college. This information, combined with their known depositional contexts, allows us to consider such ceramics as a form of archaeological ‘tracer dye’, whereby the circulation of...
"The city is my home": homelessness as resistance to institutionalisation (2013)
Archaeological analysis of successive ‘home’ spaces created by homeless people enables the documentation of increased privatisation and surveillance within the cities of Bristol and York and reveals the divisive effect they have on social interactions. Using maps, photographs and oral testimonies from homeless people, this paper examines how ‘home’ spaces are grilled off and monitored and asks what this means for the future of ‘public’ spaces. Through subtle negotiations with gatekeepers and...
Coal, Iron and Salt across the North Sea: technological transfer in the 'long Industrial Revolution' (2013)
Panhouse saltrmaking, using coal fuel and large iron pans, was one of the first industrial-scale manufacturing processes. Its origins, in Scotland in the 15th century, can be traced to a combination of British coal-mining and -burning expertise with Scandinavian ironmaking technology; the possible role of Cistercian monastic organisation in this process will also be explored. These developments formed an important stage in the development of coal-based industrialisation in its its wider...
Coleraine, Co. Londonderry: Past and Present (2013)
As with many Irish towns, Coleraine commemorates the 400th anniversary of its borough status in 2013. Born of Patrician myth origins, there was evident medieval settlement, its inland port (despite access issues) being central to its success. Re-invented in the early 1600s, under James I’s ‘Plantation’ of Ulster, the Renaissance street pattern survives. Urban myths, perpetuated by the Irish Society, as to Coleraine’s imported English flat-pack timber housing frames are exploded; this is...
Collecting Ancient Fields: Adapting conflict archaeology to a Roman context. (2018)
In the last three decades, the methodologies developed within conflict archaeology have contributed to the exploration of sites far beyond the temporal boundaries of the C19th as imagined in its initial phases. However, methodological difficulties begin to emerge in extending the discipline to conflict pre-dating the introduction of blackpowder weapons. However, existing methodologies can be adapted around the archaeological characteristics of conflict in much earlier periods. This paper...
Colonial Encounters Reflected by the Contemporary Material Culture – Or What Happened When Miss Finland Wore a Sámi Clothing (2017)
In the studies of colonial relations, historical archaeology usually concentrates on the early encounters between European settlers and indigenous peoples. Nevertheless, colonial relations are evident in the contemporary culture too, e.g. in the use of indigenous symbols in commercial connections and in tourism. Archaeology can study also this contemporary colonialism through material culture. In this paper, I first give some background on the topic of the session, comparative indigenism – a...
Colonial Encounters, Time and Social Innovation (2013)
Looking at the colonial, the intricacy of the associated encounters cannot be avoided. While violence and oppression almost always play a major role, there are also intricate processes, in which the results are manifold and far beyond the intent of the colonizer. In this paper, a number of examples will be addressed, ranging from Late Mediterranean Iron Age contexts to European Early Modern colonial projects in the Americas. Questions of temporality and general time are of major importance;...
The colonial landscapes of Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork, c.1602-1643 (2013)
This an interdisciplinary (history/archaeology) study of the colonial landscapes created by Richard Boyle (1566-1643), the 1st Earl of Cork, in 17th -century Munster, Ireland. Viewed by his contemporaries and by subsequent scholars as an exemplary English planter who, above all his contemporaries, best realised the aims of the Munster Plantation by forging a model English Protestant ‘commonwealth’ on his estates, this study will examine - and question - the extent of his achievement. Utilising...
Commercialisation, Contest, Clearance: the Archaeology of pre-Improvement cattle droving in the Scottish Highlands (2013)
This paper considers the archaeology of cattle droving in mid-Sutherland and also Cowal and West LochLomondside. It focuses on the period immediately before the widespread introduction of sheep, the dispossession of many of the sub-tenants, and the application of Improvement thinking in relation to agriculture. As such, it covers the period between 1720 and 1820. It argues that cattle droving was a sign of the growing commercialisation of the Scottish Highlands, in a Gaelic society that was far...
Communicating Local: The Role Of Mediated Documents In The Articulation Of Values Within The City Of York (2016)
Managing the historic environments of cities is a task that continually concerns local authorities and citizens. Currently in the UK, ‘Local Plans’ for the development of cities form as documents which guide archaeologists and developers forward in the ongoing rendering of urban fabrics. On the other hand, ‘Neighbourhood Plans’ written by community groups create palpable statements of ownership for local areas and heritage. Arguably, the city’s fabric is woven not only by building materials but...
Community Archaeology on a Social Housing Estate in the Early 21st Century: Middlefield Lane, Gainsborough (UK) (2018)
Middlefield Lane, in the former Midlands industrial town of Gainsborough (UK), was one of many new post-war British social housing estates built to replace crowded, insanitary 19th century slums with better quality housing and open space, and modelled on the 1928 ‘garden city’ plan of Radburn, New Jersey. Radburn is a national monument but elsewhere, time and policy-makers have left such estates deprived and unprepossessing places with high levels of social deprivation. Social critics have...
Community, Archaeology and Public Heritage in Telford - an English New Town (2013)
This poster describes a recent community archaeology project in Telford, a new town created in the 1960s. The project began in 2010 and continues to 2014, and involves a wide range of community groups and others. Fieldwork focusses on the 'Town Park', a large area of public open space that contains a number of previously unexplored remains associated with 19th and 20th century industrialisation and de-industrialisation. So far the project has explored 19th century workers' housing, a 19th...
Conduits of Dispersal. Dematerializing an early twentieth century village in Iceland. (2013)
This paper explores the process of ruination in terms of networks and channels of dispersal; how the materiality of a whole village is stripped by various agencies which move things along. Drawing especially on recent work in human geography and new mobility and materiality turn, this study takes an industrial fishing village on an island in the bay of Reykjavík to examine the processes and conduits through which the village is de-materialized. The village was established at the beginning of the...
Connecting the Living and the Dead: networks in Ulster historic graveyards (2013)
The relationships displayed through actions and monuments within a graveyard are numerous. This study examines the relationships between the living and the dead, between monuments and monuments and with the wider landscape, and different categories of the living who visit the graveyard. It is possible to investigate the powerful symbolic, textual, physical and intra-site landscape connections and avoidances to reveal the ways in which these places, monuments, the dead, and the living were all...
Conservation of artifacts from a Portuguese wreck: An opportunity for learning (2018)
The wreck of the Esmerelda, a Nau from Vasco da Gama's second voyage to India was discovered during survey in 1998 and excavated over two seasons. The Omani Ministry of Heritage and Culture (MHC) worked with Bournemouth University and Blue water recoveries to create the project, the first of it's kind in Oman. The project is now part of the development of a marine archaeological department within Oman training archaeologists within the MHC in the survey, excavation and protection of marine...
The Construction And Utilisation Of Social Space On Board The Vasa (2018)
The Vasa was designed to be an extension of the King’s court. This would mean that the court structure would be transferred to the Vasa itself when at sea with the King on board. Although a big ship for the time, transferring a full court system with all the accompanying entourage to the Vasa would lead to a very complicated social structure in a surprisingly small area. The Great Cabin, the officers cabin, the decks where the crew slept, ate and socialised as well as the hold where the ships...
Consumption, Survival, and Personhood in Native North America (2013)
For many decades, archaeologists treated European-manufactured material culture recovered from Native American sites as straightforward indicators of cultural loss. Contemporary Native American historical archaeologies take a different tack, placing patterns of consumption on center stage. Rather than typifying European-manufactured material culture as a reflection (or a juggernaut) of cultural change in Native North America, these new approaches use such assemblages to address the nuances of...
Convict Housing at Parramatta, New South Wales, Australia: a study in the context of British workers’ and American slave accommodation (2017)
Parramatta was even more successful than Sydney in the late 18th century, during the early days of the British colony. After a short period of ad hoc settlement around the farm at Rose Hill, Parramatta was laid out as a planned settlement on a grid pattern. Several early convict cabins have been excavated, and early maps and illustrations indicate the settlement’s layout and appearance, with neatly spaced cabins and the Governor’s House as a central focus. This arrangement can be compared with...