USA (Country) (Geographic Keyword)
27,101-27,125 (35,822 Records)
Four fire affected rocks recovered from collapsed fireplaces at the Senber Site (Town 117, Site 33), a Revolutionary War winter encampment in Redding, western Connecticut, were submitted for organic residue analysis. Samples were tested for organic residues using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Organic residue analysis was used to gain information regarding foods cooked in the fireplaces.
Organization, Tracking, And Metadata: Bar Coding For Collections Management (2018)
Housing more than 15 million artifacts from over 8,000 archaeological sites, the Texas Archeological Research Laboratory at the University of Texas at Austin has a significant need for high-functioning collections tracking systems. As part of our institutional digitization strategy, TARL has begun implementing a system of bar codes for collections, with the goal of facilitating artifact retrieval and replacement as our collections are used for research, education, and public outreach. The system...
Organizational Change and Intellectual Production: The Case Study of Hohokam Archaeology (2006)
Histories of archaeology increasingly focus on the role that the social context of the discipline plays in shaping its intellectual production. Of particular importance in the social context of American archaeology during the last half of the 20th century is the development of Cultural Resource Management (CRM) archaeology. The coalescence of the CRM industry has transformed archaeology—providing new sources of support, mandating new goals, and placing practitioners into newly emergent...
The Organizational Implications of Architecture at Moundville and Cahokia (2017)
What practices generated the largest and most complex Mississippian centers? We examine this issue through an analysis of Mississippian public and ritual architecture from Moundville in west-central Alabama and Cahokia in southwestern Illinois. Politico-religious buildings and associated practices or powers constituted the historical development of both places. Cahokians created a wider variety and more complicated distribution of such buildings than did Moundvillians. We argue that the Cahokian...
The Origin and Authenticity of an Atlatl and an Atlatl Dart from Lassen County, California (1941)
J. Whittaker: Atlatl of willow, simple stick, slightly curved, with slight finger notches, groove and integral hook, 75 cm long. Cane dart, hardwood foreshaft broken off, 115 cm long, weighs 35.2 gm, v-shaped nock like arrow, 3 radial fletchings. Authors made and tested models, cast 150-250 feet. Origin: Owned in 1910s-20s by “Charlie Paiute,” Maidu, who claimed to hunt with it. His daughter and others deny, as do ethnographic California groups in culture trait studies, although several...
Origin and Use of Shell Bead Money in Southern California (2018)
The Chumash Indians of southern California made and used beads of stone, bone, and a variety of species of shell for over 8,000 years. A noted shift in shell beads occurred about 800 years ago with the appearance of a new bead type, cupped beads, made from the thick callus of the Callianax biplicata, a portion of the shell that had previously not been used. These types of beads were common throughout the Chumash region and elsewhere during the Late period and have been identified as money beads...
Origin of Cinders in Wupatki National Monument (2001)
Sunset Crater is the youngest cinder cone in a cluster of Quaternary volcanoes at the northeastern edge of the Pliocene to Holocene (5 Ma to Recent) San Francisco Volcanic Field. Based on dendrochronologyspecifically the recovery of complacent tree-rings on several archaeological specimens from Wupatki Ruin-the eruption of Sunset Crater is dated at A.D. 1064 (Smiley 1958). The eruption may have continued episodically for approximately 100 to 200 years (Amos 1986; Champion 1980; Ulrich et al....
The Original (Affluent) Cooperative: Property Rights and the Foraging Mode of Production (2017)
Property-rights require fundamental forms of cooperation. On a global scale, foragers maintained open-access property regimes, in which no one is excluded from using resources. In the most basic form, foragers cooperate simply by avoiding conflict—agreeing to share. These conditions will hold as long as the cost of excluding others from a resource exceeds the benefits derived from that resource and because cooperation increases reproductive success under conditions of low population density—in...
Original Investigation Report, Archaeological Reconnaissance of Additions and Improvements to the Huntington Wastewater Treatment Plant (1977)
The Huntington Sanitary Board is proposing additions to the already existing wastewater treatment plant (Exhibit 1) which is located at the western extremity of the City of Huntington in Wayne County, West Virginia (Exhibit 2). The proposed project will be at the same location and involves the addition of aeration tanks, secondary clarifiers, new chlorine contact tanks, additional sludge handling facilities and other improvements to the existing plant. Also included in the proposed project are...
Original Photographic Documents Sub Envelope, Ballast House, BPI_0395 (1985)
Original photographic document sub envelope marked as 2 sets, for the Historic American Buildings Survey number, "HABS #" for sets 1-10/26.
Original Survey Part 1, Coosa River Profile 1915 (1915)
Scanned pages of Original Survey part 1. Sections 1 through 50. Rome, Georgia to Gadsden, Alabama.
Original Survey Part 2, Coosa River Profile 1915 (1915)
Scanned pages of Original Survey part 2. Sections 50 through 100. Rome, Georgia to Gadsden, Alabama.
Origins and Construction Techniques of Historic Flat-Backed Canteens (2016)
In the 19th century, ethnographers documented numerous Pueblo groups throughout the American Southwest making and using ceramic flat-backed canteens. These canteens pose unique manufacturing issues due to their shape: they are symmetrical along only one axis due to one flat and one bulbous side, and the closed rim is parallel to the flat side, not perpendicular as is usual. They are also extremely similar in shape to large European canteens, and thus can offer insight to the complex...
Origins and Tenacity of Myth: Part II—Ethnography (2024)
This is an abstract from the "Painting the Past: Interpretive Approaches in Global Rock Art Research" session, at the 89th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Hunter-gatherer artists of the Lower Pecos Canyonlands of southwest Texas produced Pecos River style (PRS) rock art as early as 5,500 years ago. In 2016, Boyd identified patterns in PRS murals similar to the mythologies of the ancient Nahua (Aztec) and the present-day Huichol (Wixárika). She advanced the hypothesis...
Origins and Tenacity of Myth: Part I—Archaeology (2024)
This is an abstract from the "Painting the Past: Interpretive Approaches in Global Rock Art Research" session, at the 89th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Origins and Tenacity of Myth is a comprehensive study of Pecos River style (PRS) pictographs in the Lower Pecos Canyonlands of Texas funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities. It is a collaborative project between Texas State University and Shumla Archaeological Center. This presentation addresses the...
The origins of Chaco timbers by tree-ring based sourcing (2017)
The regional integration of Chaco Society includes the procurement of goods and materials from distant landscapes. Wood incorporated as roof beams, door and window lintels, and other building elements is no exception. Hundreds of thousands of trees were felled and hand-carried from mountain ranges over 50 km from Chaco Canyon. Using tree-ring width patterns of beams compared to tree-ring chronologies from potential harvesting areas, we have begun to reconstruct the dynamics of timber procurement...
The Origins of the National Park Service's Vanishing Treasures Program (2019)
This is an abstract from the "The Vanishing Treasures Program: Celebrating 20 Years of National Park Service Historic Preservation" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. In the mid-1990s, the National Park Service sought to upgrade its architectural preservation programs at about 40 arid-lands parks, which were facing the loss of significant numbers of retiring preservation craftsmen who had been working to preserve resources since the 1960s and 1970s....
Orme Alternatives: the Archaeological Resources of Roosevelt Lake and Horseshoe Reservoir, Volumes I & II (1976)
The Orme Alternatives Project, which is part of the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation's Central Arizona Project, was implemented in order to examine possible alternatives to the proposed Orme Dam and Reservoir. As reported by Canouts (1975), the proposed Orme Reservoir Project would have an extremely adverse impact upon the cultural resources of central Arizona. Therefore, the Bureau of Reclamation contracted the Arizona State Museum to evaluate the impact of two partial alternatives. One alternative...
Ornament_Tessera.jpg (2021)
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Ornamental Origins: Philadelphia Manufactured Ceramics With Engine-Turned Decoration (2018)
The disruption of foreign trade brought on by the Embargo Act of 1807 and the subsequent War of 1812 led American artisans and mechanics to produce locally made goods in imitation of the primarily British imports no longer available to American consumers. In Philadelphia, some potters began experimenting with white bodied refined ceramics while others continued to work in red clay with manganese and iron glazes, yet exchanged traditional utilitarian forms for sophisticated table- and teawares....
Ornaments from Room 28, Pueblo Bonito (2018)
In the late 1890s, the Hyde Exploring Expedition collected over 650 finished ornaments from Room 28 in Pueblo Bonito. UNM’s recent re-excavation of the room, including material derived from backdirt from adjacent rooms as well as intact floor and subfloor deposits, produced thousands of additional ornaments and pieces of lapidary debris. This paper presents the results of the analysis of this combined assemblage and discusses its significance in relation to ornaments found in other portions of...
Osage Cultural Continuity and Change in the Contact Era: evidence from the flaked stone assemblages at the Brown and Carrington sites (2017)
Many traditional anthropological studies used acculturation theory to understand Colonial era Native American cultural dynamics. Acculturation theory assumes a process of gradual culture change through the adoption of European culture. More recently, anthropologists have incorporated additional concepts including agency, scales of analysis, and historical silencing to more productively investigate not only indigenous culture change but also continuity during the historic period. The project...
OSL Dating and Chronology in Pensacola, Florida’s Contact Period (2017)
New research on the history of the Pensacola Bay region from the late Mississippian to the Protohistoric period is clarifying previous understandings of cultural sequences. Two recently discovered sites have created opportunities to apply new dating technologies to culture historical questions. The first site is in an incredibly dynamic area of sand dune formations on a barrier island. The second site is associated with the Luna Settlement of 1559-1561 and survives partially intact despite...
OSL Dating at the Wakulla Springs Site (2019)
This is an abstract from the "SAA 2019: General Sessions" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. The Wakulla Springs site is a well-known paleoindian site in Florida, which contains abundant Pleistocene megafauna and artifacts including early projectile points. Previous optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating at the Wakulla Springs Lodge site (8WA329) suggested occupation older than 11.6 ka but younger than 22.5 ka (W.J. Rink et al. Florida...
Osteoarthritis and Implications for Economic Lifestyle Change in Two Prehistoric Skeletal Populations (2017)
Numerous studies have been conducted regarding the influence of activity-related stress on postcranial elements such as the upper and lower limbs, but few studies have considered the vertebral column in relation to inter-populational variation. This study examined the vertebral columns of two prehistoric skeletal populations. The Indian Knoll site (n=98), representing a population of hunter-gatherers, is located in Ohio County, Kentucky along the Green River and is dated between 2558 and 4160...