Philippines (Other Keyword)
1-11 (11 Records)
The establishment of Spanish Manila in 1571 marked a turning point in global history. Historians have extolled the roles of Manila as a hub of global trade networks and a key locus of cultural exchange between the East and the West. Nevertheless, the power relationships that defined colonial life in the Manila area were taken for granted by scholars. The major ethnolingustic groups of colonial Manila - the Spaniards, the indigenous Tagalog, and the Chinese - formed a specific urban landscape...
Economic Intensification in Old Kiyyangan: Global Interaction and Intra-Regional Trade Understood Through Trade Ceramics (2017)
Access to imported goods by premodern societies implies economic intensification and long distance trade and interaction. Investigations in the Old Kiyyangan Village (OKV), Ifugao, Philippines have indicated that Southeast Asian and Chinese tradeware ceramics began to influence social interactions as early as 600 years ago. This presentation reports on our work in OKV that highlights the role of outside trade in the development of social differentiation in the region. We focus on the period...
Evidence of Precolonial Cosmology from the Philippines (2015)
Cosmology prior to European contact has been the focus of recent research in the Philippines. The objective of this paper is to investigate cosmology practiced in the Philippines prior to the introduction of Christianity during the Spanish colonial occupation from the 16th century AD onwards. This research is significant because it will show that elements of the tripartite cosmology of past populations in the Philippines which can be traced from the Neolithic period persist until the present...
Exotic beads and jar burials: social elaboration in the Old Kiyyangan Village, Ifugao, Philippines (2017)
Trade and interaction are linked to the development of social ranking among premodern societies, indications for which are seen on mortuary practices, particularly on the existence of exotic burial goods. Our excavations at Old Kiyyangan Village (OKV) in the northern Philippine highlands feature in-utero and infant ceramic jar burials with associated grave goods, primarily beads. The investigations reported in this presentation looks at the relationship between both the quality and quantity of...
Finding The Indigenous – A Study Of Locally Made Earthenware In Early Spanish Manila, The Philippines (2017)
The Spanish colonists created the first urban landscape in the Manila area during the late 16th century and certainly changed the lives of the Tagalog people. Although the ethnic-based residential policy makes it possible to compare lives of different groups in the colonial society, there are no archaeological sites representing indigenous settlements in the early colonial period to date. This paper shows that locally made earthenware found in non-indigenous settlements sheds light on the...
Infant Health and Burial Practices in Late Prehistoric and Contact Period Kiyyangan, Ifugao (2015)
Infant death in Ifugao villages has only been viewed through a lens of modern ethnography. Recent excavations at the Old Kiyyangan Village site have revealed new information on the resource base, trade networks and impact of outside groups on the prehistoric and early historic Ifugao. This work has produced a small sample (16) of individuals who died at, or around, full term to the age of two years. The age, health, and mortuary profiles of these skeletons will be presented and placed into...
The innovations which travelled to the Philippines. An approach to the biological conquest of the islands (XVI-XVIIIth centuries) (2017)
Every process of discovery, conquest and colonization, regardless of its magnitude and historical implications, entails a transformation in those societies in which it takes place. The Philippines, as it had already happened to other parts of the world before, was no exception. The conquest of the Philippines Islands by the Spanish Monarchy supposed the transformation of a very important part of the indigenous population of the islands. In this occasion we studied the biological conquest of the...
Investigating Social Practices, Community and Interaction in the Philippine Islands during the Metal Age (2015)
Investigations of social interaction and notions of community among island societies of Southeast Asia during the Metal Age (500 BC-AD 800) are very limited, especially in the Philippines. This general lack of well-documented settlement, household and burial data, and underdeveloped theoretical frameworks interpreting the archaeological remains, impede our understanding of social organization in the period and fail to contextualize the appearance socially stratified and politically centralized...
Islamic Trade and Entrepots in the Second Millennium Philippines Archipelago (2015)
The spread of Islamic influence throughout Island Southeast Asia and into the Philippines Archipelago was rapid and extremely effective in the second millennium AD. This model of colonization utilized down-the-line and proxy trading through Taosug and Iranun raiders as well as by the establishment of entrepôts established through intermarriage and local exchange. Power flowing through horizontal networks cemented regional networks and exported an extensive power structure into an otherwise...
Landscape Modification and Social Change as Resistence among the Ifugao on the Borderlands of Spanish Philippines (2017)
Dominant historical narratives suggest that groups located on the periphery of colonial empires and states received minimal influence from the latter. However, recent studies that focused on borderlands indicate substantial culture change and ecological manipulation that contributed to successful resistance against conquest. The Ifugao Archaeological Project (IAP) investigated the colonial borderland of Spanish Philippines, focusing on the role of the adoption of wet-rice cultivation and...
Post-AD 1600 Origins of the Ifugao Rice Terraces: Highland Responses to Spanish Colonial Aims in the Philippines (2015)
Local wisdom and nationalist sentiments would have us uphold the long-held belief in the age of the Ifugao Rice Terraces, pegged at ca. 2,000 years old. Recent findings by the Ifugao Archaeological Project (IAP), however, indicate that landscape modification (terraced wet-rice cultivation) intensified between c. AD 1600 and AD 1800, suggesting increased demand for food, which could indicate population growth, a period that coincided with the arrival and subsequent occupation of the Spanish of...