Military Defense, Leadership, New Guinea (Other Keyword)
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Beyond Defense: The Political Implications of Defense in Contact-era New Guinea (2015)
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At contact, New Guinea polities were uniformly at war, either episodically or permanently, with at least one of their neighbors. As a result, they all adopted significant defensive measures, commonly some mix of advanced warning systems, settlement nucleation, and natural or artificial fortifications. These measures were crucial to survival but they had numerous social and cultural implications. In this paper, I outline some of the more important of these consequences, before focusing on the...