Gis (Other Keyword)
126-150 (275 Records)
In 2017, maritime archaeologists from the Silentworld Foundation and Australian National Maritime Museum conducted a survey of historic shipwreck sites at Kenn Reefs, Australian Coral Sea Territory. The acquired data was utilised to build a comprehensive Geographic Information System (GIS) project. Maritime archaeology was born of, and is continually improved by, technological advances. GIS has become yet another indispensible tool to the modern maritime archaeologist - integrating data ranging...
Least Cost Analysis of Maritime Movement in Prince Rupert Harbour during the Holocene and Late Pleistocene (2017)
Spatial modeling of prehistoric maritime movement on the Pacific Northwest Coast is important in contemporary archaeology because it can help reveal previously unseen patterns and trends in movement through a landscape that has radically changed over time. GIS analysis has the potential to reveal new sites that have been hidden by changing sea levels. Here we present models of maritime movement using least cost path analysis (LCA) to determine the area’s most likely to have been traveled through...
Least Cost Analysis of Movement Events during the Early Holocene/Late Pleistocene on the Northwest Coast (2016)
Spatial modeling of early prehistoric maritime movements on the Pacific Northwest Coast is important in contemporary archaeology as a site prospection tool in a landscape which has radically changed over the last 16,000 years. GIS analysis can model ancient site locations now hidden by changing sea levels. We present findings from a project which developed a new method for modeling maritime movement using least cost path analysis (LCA) of both behavioral and cultural constraints to determine the...
Least Cost Analysis of Peopling Events on the Northwest Coast of North America (2015)
The peopling of the Americas continues to be a relevant issue in contemporary archaeology. Due to the very small number of discovered sites which predate 10,000 years before present, the chronology and method of these migration events are not well understood. Previous research has been unsuccessful in consistently identifying sites from this time period and better models are needed to successfully locate sites in this landscape which has gone through radical change over the last 16,000 years....
The library is on fire, now what? Assessing the damage and how to approach it: A case study from the Chesapeake Bay. (2017)
The Chesapeake Bay, one of the largest marine estuaries in the world, serves as a microcosm of the forces of shoreline environmental change such as sea level rise, land subsidence and erosion and the impacts that such change has on the archaeological record. Using shoreline analysis, empirical observations and predictive modeling of four counties along the Bay, this project seeks to establish an understanding of the impacts on known archaeological sites in the study area as well as to assess...
Light the Beacons! GIS Analysis of Fortress Inter-Visibility in Iron Age Armenia (2016)
GIS analysis can helpfully intervene in highly-theorized debates about archaeological landscapes by allowing archaeologists to empirically evaluate assertions about (inter)visibility. In recent decades, visibility studies have clarified the sociocultural significance of structures such as tombs, settlements, signalling installations and other landscape markers. However, it is often difficult to evaluate inter-visibility and challenging to distinguish intentionally-constructed inter-visibility...
Long-term Impact of Settlement Location on Economic Status: A Geospatial Analysis in Skagafjörður, Iceland (2021)
This is an abstract from the session entitled "Landscapes Above and Below in Northern Contexts (General Sessions)" , at the 2021 annual meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology. Environmental resources are unevenly distributed, but does differential access have long-term effects on relative economic status? During Iceland's settlement in the 9th and 10th centuries, all of the island's agriculturally productive lowlands were claimed by powerful settlers. These large land claims were...
Looking for Fish of the Right Age: Using GIS in Conjunction with Salmon Genetics to Identify Key Submerged Drainages (2017)
Geospatial analysis of Beringian bathymetric data provides powerful tools for formulating predictive modeling of submerged sites of Pleistocene age. With the acceptance of Pre-Clovis archaeological sites in the Americas (Jenkins et al., 2012), attention has shifted to alternative models of the peopling of the Americas. A Coastal Migration hypothesis has been proposed by Erlandson et al. (2013, 2015), however any evidence of such a route is now submerged. Ice free areas along the Pacific margin...
Looking Outward from the Village: The Effects of Soil Moisture on Prehistoric Cropland in the Central Mesa Verde Region (2017)
Ancestral Pueblo communities of the central Mesa Verde region (CMV) became increasingly reliant on maize agriculture for their subsistence needs by A.D. 900. Researchers have been studying the Ancestral Pueblo people for over a century using a variety of methods to understand the relationships between climate, agriculture, population, and settlements. While this research has produced a well-developed cultural history of the region, studies at a smaller scale are still needed to understand the...
Lost and Found: Identifying Ephemeral Mining Sites At Isle Royale National Park By Reconstructing Government Land Office Survey Paths In GIS (2020)
This is a paper/report submission presented at the 2020 annual meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology. Isle Royale National Park located in Lake Superior was one of the centers of the nation’s first copper booms. High quality copper veins drew mid-19th century miners looking to stake a claim. By the mid-1850s these initial attempts at mining were met with demise as the remote location and logistical hurtles made extracting copper a costly business. Translating government land...
Macroscale Analysis of Faunal Remains in the Hohokam Area of Southern Arizona: Preliminary Results (2015)
Pre-Contact societies in southern Arizona developed large-scale, agriculturally-based communities with essentially no access to domesticated meat. Their hunting opportunities were limited, as well, by the need to live close to water sources for irrigation. The resulting trade-offs between community needs have important implications for political organization, labor choices, and gender roles. In this poster, we present preliminary results of a GIS analysis of relationships between species...
Mapping a Large Scale Amazonian Landscape using GIS (2016)
Among the many challenges for landscape archaeologists is the “palimpsest” nature of the landscapes that they try to study. Archaeologists around the world have long been at work using GIS to study a wide range of questions across scales from meters to thousands of kilometers, and from single occupations to thousands of years. Thinking of archaeological landscapes as a palimpsest uses the recognition that connecting individual landscape features exclusively to a single moment or period of time...
Mapping and 3D Modeling of a Terminal Postclassic Site in the Northern Yucatán (2017)
During our 2016 field season, we mapped and created 3D models of several sites in the Northern Yucatán that were scheduled for destruction due to highway expansion. We used unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs/drones) to carry photographic equipment to collect both vertical and oblique photos of the site. The resulting photos were processed in photogrammetric software to generate an orthorectified photo mosaic and a 3D model of the entire area. These products were integrated into a GIS to facilitate...
Mapping Caves: Telling the Story (2017)
Maps are symbols. While we often think of them as representations of the real world, they are in fact interpretations of the space no matter how accurately and precisely produced. Maps tell a story-YOUR story. Maps make an argument. No two people will map a space in exactly the same way and no two stories will be completely alike. While some researchers are primarily concerned about precision and accuracy in representation, others focus on more humanistic, sensory, or phenomenological elements....
Mapping Marginal Landscapes – A Study from Neolithic Shetland (2015)
The Shetland Islands are the northernmost part of Europe where farming was practiced in the Neolithic, between 3800 and 2500 BCE. The islands’ isolated location coupled with distinct environmental factors resulted in distinctive and localized customs and economies. These are most clearly manifest in the production and distribution of felsite polished stone axes and Shetland knives sourced from linear grey-blue dykes in the elevated North Roe region of the islands. These artefacts are found...
Mapping Matacanela - the complementary work of topographical survey and LiDAR. (2015)
This talk compares methods used for the topographical mapping of the archaeological site of Matacanela. Specifically, we compare the results of the GIS processing of LiDAR data collected and distributed for no charge by the Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía with the results of traditional topographical mapping, undertaken using a Sokkia total station. For the purposes of project planning, the LiDAR data was processed, and maps were generated using GIS. These LiDAR-based data enabled...
Mapping Near-Historical Climate Impacts to Coastal Sites (2016)
Historical archaeologists examine material culture dating to the industrial period, which spawned human-induced climate change. We are uniquely positioned to examine changes through the material record. Additionally archeologists have been making and recording observations about the condition of sites for many years. Archeologists in the National Park Service (NPS) have, in doing so, inadvertently left their own record of climate change effects. These observations are stored in NPS’s...
Mapping the Homelands: A Collaborative Effort of Auburn University, the National Park Service, and Native American Tribes (2015)
Native American land ownership underwent significant geographic changes following European settlement. This intensified after the American Revolution due to demographic changes, tribal migration, and aggressive Euro-American expansion. This paper presents the results of a collaboration between Auburn University, the National Park Service, and federally recognized tribes to plot land loss from ca. 1790 through the 1850s, with particular emphasis on the impact of the War of 1812 on native...
Mapping the Mines: Simulating Transit Routes between Mining Centers in the Colonial Andes with GIS (2017)
Least cost path has been the method most commonly employed by archaeologists in attempts to determine routes from one site to another. This is due to the relative ease of use of this particular tool, as well as because of the parsimonious logic of this approach. The tool is also particularly useful where material remains of roads are no longer visible. However, the use of network analysis provides a more realistic possible route by taking into account known possible paths. Network analysis...
Mapping, monumentalizing and protecting the barrow cemeteries of eastern and northern Scotland (2016)
In later Iron Age Scotland, the Picts begin to bury their dead under barrows and cairns, but the social, ideological and political triggers for this change in burial practice are unclear. One of the reasons is that the archaeological data has never been properly synthesized. No written sources exist in Scotland at this time so the archaeological data represents an important untapped resource. This talk will look at monumentalisation of Pictish barrow cemeteries and their relationship to...
Marking Places in the Southern Black Hills: A Preliminary Analysis (2002)
The purpose of this study is to (1) assess what situational factors are associated with a prehistorically occupied site that make it amenable to contemporary marking or the target of firearm discharge; and (2) to ascertain how the morphology and technique used in recent markings varies with these settings. This study is therefore not focused on interpreting use of prehistoric sites in the recent past but rather to initiate an effort to categorize variation in observations about contemporary...
MayaArch3D: 2D and 3D Visualization and Analysis Platform (2015)
A central goal of the MayaArch3D project is to provide archaeologists with a research platform for the spatio-temporal visualization and analysis of 2D and 3D data over the World Wide Web. To do this we are developing a web-based Geographic Information System (GIS). The client side of our application builds on top of the open-source geomajas 2D web GIS framework and consists of three central components. First, an interface for working with 2D data from different sources and formats. Second, a...
Measuring the Travel Distance: Travel Path and Cultural Difference of the Ming Officials (2020)
This is a paper/report submission presented at the 2020 annual meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology. The Ming government (1368-1643) established a personnel system to counter against bureaucracy corruption and to secure the frontier. Regulations include separate family members in the line of authority, appoint officials to a non-native region. This indicates that people from multiple cultures were appointed to travel across the country to serve their duty. By using the GIS as a...
Modeling sea level rise and shoreline change in a complex sedimentary environment: Case study from Chesapeake Bay (2015)
Accurate estimates of past shoreline locations are important for archaeologist interested in the complex relationships between sea level rise and human ecology. However, shoreline reconstructions require careful consideration of highly variable eustatic, isostatic, tectonic, and sedimentary processes. In the Chesapeake Bay, records from marsh cores have produced high resolution models of relative sea level rise since the Bay first emerged between 8000-7000 BP, influenced by both global sea level...
Modeling Woodland Land Use in the Lower Little Miami River Valley, Ohio (2016)
This paper examines Woodland (ca. 1,000 BCE to 1,000 CE) land use patterns in the lower Little Miami River valley of Ohio. Theoretically, two models can be applied to the distribution of archaeological sites which date to the Woodland cultural period in this region: an ideological model based on ceremonial and mortuary behavior and a pragmatic model based on the socio-economic optimizing and risk-reducing behaviors of human evolutionary ecology. Archaeological data including artifact typology...