PaleoResearch Institute

PaleoResearch Institute was formed to conduct archaeobotanic research in a contract setting, leading the industry in innovation, analysis, and interpretation of the past. Our goals are to maintain excellence in extraction, identification, and analysis of the materials we work with, to promote excellence in the interpretation of those materials and in reports, and to promote development and use of state-of-the-art techniques for the analysis and interpretation of archaeobotanic records. Work conducted in a contract setting is particularly subject to time and budget constraints, so the above must be accomplished in a timely manner.

Further, PaleoResearch Institute desires to promote a healthy and fulfilling work environment. We provide the opportunity for each employee to use his/her unique signature strengths to be productive and successful, and promote the concepts of both responsibility and accountability.


Resources Inside This Collection (Viewing 1,401-1,500 of 3,198)

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT 42WS953 (1994)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

    Site 42WS953 is a mid-size Virgin Anasazi village occupied during P I and late P II, although not continuously. This site lies on a portion of a gravel bar above a strip of arable land along the Santa Clara River above its confluence with the Virgin River. Analysis of 26 pollen samples focuses on identification of subsistence items through examination of samples from floors, hearths, and the midden.

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT 48FR3305, NEAR LANDER, WYOMING (1995)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

    Four samples were collected from stratigraphic deposits at 48FR3305. This site is located in a meadow and included an Early Archaic occupation as well as a Late Prehistoric to Late Archaic occupation. Pollen analysis was undertaken to provide information concerning prehistoric vegetation at this site.

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT 48SW 14641, THE RED WASH SITE IN THE RED DESERT, WYOMING (2006)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

    Site 48SW14641, the Red Wash site, is located north of the town of Red Desert, Wyoming. The site exhibited two components, an Archaic component overlain by a Late Prehistoric component. Both have been subject to wind deflation and erosion. Cultural material was sparse and included a small assemblage of chipped stone debitage and several McKean Techno-complex projectile points. No butchered bone was recovered. Radiocarbon ages varying from 4160 ± 40 to 4440 ± 50 BP represent the Archaic...

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT 48UT122, WYOMING (1991)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

    Site 48UT122 is located on a sand dune approximately one mile south of the Black's Fork River in the interior of the Green River Basin in Uinta County• Pollen samples were collected stratigraphically to examine the paleoenvironment prior to, during and after occupation. In addition, pollen samples were collected from four hearths, the soil associated with living surfaces, an amorphous stain, and a mano. These samples were examined to obtain information concerning the subsistence base of...

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT 48UT378, TRIANGULATION POINT DRAW, UINTAH COUNTY, WYOMING (2007)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. R.A. Varney.

    A total of 19 pollen samples were examined from Site 48UT378. Thirteen samples were collected as a stratigraphic column to provide paleoenvironmental information, while five samples were recovered from feature fill to determine possible plant resources that were . utilized. A modern control also was examined from north of the site datum. Site 48UT378 is part of the Triangulation Point Draw site complex in Uintah County, Wyoming. It consists of an extensive camp exposed on dunes and...

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT 48YE701 AND RESIDUE ANALYSIS OF A GRINDING STONE FROM YELLOWSTONE LAKE, WYOMING (1990)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

    POLLEN ANALYSIS AT 48YE701: Three pollen samples were examined from 48YE701 on the north side of Yellowstone Lake. These pollen samples were collected as a groundstone wash, an associated soil sample, and from the present ground surface. Pollen was analyzed from the groundstone to determine which, if any, plants had been processed using this·metate. The associated soil sample and present ground surface sample acted as controls for interpretation of the wash from the groundstone. RESIDUE...

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT 5DT271, WESTERN COLORADO (1987)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. PaleoResearch Institute.

    Four pollen samples were analyzed from 5DT271, a multicomponent site located on the North Fork near Paonia, Colorado. This site is located in colluvium, which appears to represent displaced Pleistocene glacial deposits (Baker, personal communication, February 1987). The site exhibits three archaeological components, which have yielded radiocarbon ages of AD 1910, AD 750, and AD 10. Pollen samples were collected to observe the paleoenvironment, and possibly provide data concerning the...

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT 5EP576, A SECONDARY BUTCHERING SITE IN EASTERN COLORADO (1991)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

    5EP576, a two-ccwponent secondary butchering site, was examined stratigraphical for pollen. A radiocarbon age of 4690 + 270 BP establishes a date for the oldest occupation. The pollen record examines paleoenvironmental conditions from prior to 4700 BP to the present on the High Plains of eastern Colorado.

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT 5GN817, CHANCE GULCH, COLORADO WITH SUPPORTING ARCHAEOCLIMATE MODELS FROM GUNNISON, COLORADO (2004)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text R.A. Varney.

    The Chance Gulch site, 5GN817, is an 8000 year old camp located about 2.5 miles southeast of the town of Gunnison, Colorado. The site is situated within the sagebrush community, though pine and aspen trees are within view. Nine stratigraphic samples were analyzed to determine paleovegetation and paleoenvironment in the site area and potential plant resources that might have been available to the paleoindian occupants of the camp. Three pollen washes of groundstone artifacts were analyzed to...

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT 5LA6001, STAGE CANYON, SOUTHEASTERN COLORADO: A FEASIBILITY STUDY (1990)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

    Six pollen samples were collected from 5LA6001, a human burial on the Pinon Canyon Maneuver Site. Pollen analysis of these samples was undertaken as a feasibility study to determine whether or not sufficient pollen was preserved in these sediments for continued analysis.

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT 5LP1430, A LATE BM III-EARLY P I SITE IN LA PLATA COUNTY, COLORADO (1984)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott. PaleoResearch Institute.

    Site 5LP1430, a possible late Basketmaker III-early Pueblo I site, is located along Beaver Creek in the Upper Los Pinos River drainage of La Plata County, Colorado. This site is situated at an elevation of 6750 feet along an old wagon trail. Three pollen samples were taken from the fill of vessels recovered in association with a burial. Analysis of this fill was undertaken in an effort to identify the contents of these vessels at the time of burial.

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT 5LP630, LA PLATA COUNTY, COLORADO (1982)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott.

    Site 5LP630 is located in Ridges Basin approximately three miles south of Durango, Colorado. The site contains a pithouse, which has been archaeomagnetically dated to AD 775 and AD 777 (P. Duke, personal communication). Archaeological excavation at this site was undertaken by the Fort Lewis College Archaeological Field School in the summer of 1982. Several pollen samples were taken from the fill of a pithouse at 20 cm intervals to a depth of 160+ cm, and include a sample taken from the...

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT 5MF4197, MOFFAT COUNTY, NORTHWEST COLORADO (1998)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Thomas E. Moutoux.

    Two pollen samples collected from the fill of a hearth and possible house-pit at 5MF4197 were submitted for pollen analysis. Pollen analysis was undertaken to identify subsistence activities involving plants that might have been associated with either feature.

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT 5MT10212, AN HISTORIC SITE ON THE UTE MOUNTAIN TOWAOC CANAL REACH III PROJECT (1991)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

    Five pollen samples were analyzed from 5MT10212, an historic site on the Ute Mountain Towaoc Canal Reach III project. Four structures, three associated features, and an artifact scatter were situated on the first bench or terrace overlooking Mariano Wash to the south. This site appears to represent a temporary or seasonally occupied Navajo or Ute camp from the 1930s to 1940s. Pollen samples were examined to attempt to provide informa tion concerning possible economic activities at the...

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT 5MV1936, COLORADO (2001)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

    Three sediment samples from a potential agricultural area and between walls of 5MV1936, a possible reservoir, were examined for pollen. Pollen samples from the potential agricultural areas were examined in an effort to recover pollen representing agricultural crops to refine the interpretation of this area. The sample representing sediment between the walls surrounding this possible reservoir, collected with an auger, was examined to recover pollen that might help establish the function of...

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT 5PT86 (1982)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott. PaleoResearch Institute.

    Site 5PT86 is a lithic scatter located on the first terrace above the Fryingpan River at an elevation of 8120 feet, approximately 23 miles east of Basalt. Archaeological mitigation at this site opened several test pits, one of which was stratigraphically sampled for pollen. The pollen samples were taken every 10 cm to a depth of 80 cm in arbitrary levels for the purpose of assessing the paleoenvironment. Cultural material was noted to a depth of approximately 70 cm within the area sampled...

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT 5RB2448 AND 5RB2449, DOUGLAS CREEK DRAINAGE, NORTHWESTERN COLORADO (1983)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott. PaleoResearch Institute.

    Previous pollen analysis in the Douglas Creek drainage has suggested that the vegetation for the past several thousand years has fluctuated, possibly in response to changing paleoclimatic conditions. Stratigraphic profiles at two sites (5RB2448 and 5RB2449) in Rio Blanco County were sampled for pollen in an effort to further define paleoenvironmental conditions in the area over the last two to three thousand years. This sampling was intended to complement previous stratigraphic sampling...

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT 5ST278, SUMMIT COUNTY, COLORADO (1985)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott. PaleoResearch Institute.

    A chipping station containing no features and no diagnostic artifacts was excavated at Frisco in Summit County, Colorado. This site (5ST278) was sampled stratigraphically at 10 cm intervals for pollen to a total depth of 40 cm below the present ground surface. A radiocarbon date taken from Level 3, the densest concentration of cultural material, is reported at 630 + 100 BP (BETA 11428). The site is located on a bluff overlooking Tenmile Creek at an elevation of 9,063 feet. The present...

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT 5WL453: A WOODLAND SITE IN NORTHEASTERN COLORADO (1980)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott.

    Pollen analysis was undertaken at 5WL453 in an effort to provide both ethnobotanical and envirorunental information about the site. This site is located on a terrace above the Little Thompson River near Johnstown, Colorado. The site is estimated to be a Late Woodland camp site or habitation site (Bob Lawrence, personal communication, March 1980). Maize agriculture was being practiced farther east during the Woodland period (Wedel 1961; Wood 1967), so one of the main objectives of the pollen...

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT A SLAB-LINED STORAGE CIST, 5RB2636, RIO BLANCO COUNTY, COLORADO (1984)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott. PaleoResearch Institute.

    Two pollen samples were collected in connection with an archaeological mitigation project south of Rangely in Rio Blanco County, Colorado. The site, 5RB2636, consists of a prehistoric storage ciet, probably Fremont, located in the mouth of a small unnamed tributary of Park Canyon. The site is situated at the base of a mesa on the east side of the mouth of the drainage. The storage cist is slab-lined, and was excavated into the alluvial deposits in the canyon bottom. Pollen analysis was...

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT A SMALL RINCON-PHASE FARMING VILLAGE (AZ BB:9:243) , IN THE NORTHEASTERN TUCSON BASIN, ARIZONA (1993)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

    A small farming village in the foothills of the Santa Catalina Mountains was occupied during the Rincon-Phase (A.D. 1000-1150) . Pollen analysis was conducted on samples from two pithouses, two trash middens, a ramada area, a roasting pit, an artifact concentration, and four agricultural features. Pollen analysis focused on identification of subsistence activities within the site living areas and identification of possible agricultural crops and reconstruction of vegetation in the...

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT A TEMPORARY CAMPSITE IN THE LA PLATA VALLEY, NEW MEXICO (1986)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott. PaleoResearch Institute.

    A lithic scatter (DCA-85-184) in the La Plata Valley, San Juan County, New Mexico, represents a temporary camp. This archaeological site was sampled for pollen in four areas during archaeological testing. Based on projectile point morphology, the occupation of the site appears to fall within the Basketmaker II or III time periods. A single large roasting pit/hearth was recovered and sampled for pollen. In addition, pollen samples were taken from artifact clusters at the site. Pollen...

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT A VISION QUEST STRUCTURE, PINON CANYON MANEUVER AREA, COLORADO (1990)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

    Three pollen samples were analyzed along the dike on the hogback ridge near Van Bremer Arroyo from a vision quest structure to determine whether or not Typha pollen was present. The primary purpose of this analysis was to identify any cattail pollen present in these soils, since ceremonial use of cattails at vision quest structures is noted in the literature.

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES IN THE BIG HORN BASIN AND BRIDGER MOUNTAINS, WYOMING AND MACROFLORAL ANALYSIS AT SITES 48WA1453 AND 48WA1460 (1998)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Kathryn Puseman. Thomas E. Moutoux. Laura Ruggiero.

    Eight archaeological sites, representing Archaic and Late Prehistoric occupations in the Big Horn and Wind River Basins, were examined for pollen evidence of paleoenvironmental conditions and/or subsistence. In addition, two sites were analyzed for macrofloral remain evidence of subsistence. Comparison of the stratigraphic pollen records with geoarchaeological interpretations Increases the level of Interpretation for paleoenvironmental conditions during most of the Holocene. House floors,...

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT ARCHAEOLOGICAL THREE SITES (5LA6568, 5LA6592, AND 5LA9595) IN THE PINON CANYON MANEUVER SITE, SOUTHEASTERN COLORADO (1997)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Thomas E. Moutoux.

    Twenty-one pollen samples were examined from three sites in Welsh Canyon within the Pinon Canyon Maneuver Site in southwestern Colorado. A stratigraphic record was examined at the Piggyback Site (5LA6568) to provide information to compare with previous paleoenvironmental studies at the Sue Site (5LA5255) and a playa (Scott 1984), as well as geomorphic interpretations of paleoclimate (Schuldenrein 1985). Groundstone was abundant at some of the sites in Welsh Canyon. One hearth fill and six...

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT AZ T:4:71(ASM), THE DALTON SITE, NEW RIVER, ARIZONA (1989)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. PaleoResearch Institute.

    Pollen was collected and analyzed from six samples at the Dalton Site of New River, Arizona. This large Hohokam site consists chiefly of limited resource activity areas spanning the Colonial and Sedentary periods (approximately AD 550-1150). Pollen analysis was directed toward the recovery of evidence for use of indigenous or cultivated plant resources.

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT AZ:AA:12:869 (2001)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

    Site AZ AA:12:869(ASM) includes a prehistoric canal. This Colonial Hohokam site yielded a radiocarbon age of AD 880 to 970 (one-sigma calibration) near the top of the canal and an age of AD 780 to 900 and AD 790 to 900 (one-sigma calibration) near the bottom of the canal. This canal came off the Rillto River. Pollen samples were examined from the modern surface in a fallow cotton field, and from the prehistoric canal beneath a large sherd and under a mano fragment. Pollen analysis was...

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT AZTEC RUINS NATIONAL MONUMENT (1997)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Thomas E. Moutoux.

    Ten pollen samples were examined from three trenches at Aztec Ruins, New Mexico. Backhoe testing was conducted some 100 meters south of the ruins. This area is suspected to have functioned as an agricultural area during the Anasazi occupation. Pollen analysis was undertaken to understand the use of this area and to attempt to recover evidence of agriculture. This study focused on defining the prospects of recovering evidence of agriculture and providing recommendations to guide future...

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT BA CAVE, 48BH1065, BIGHORN MOUNTAINS, WYOMING (2003)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text R.A. Varney.

    BA Cave is a small rockshelter located in the Bighorn Mountains containing a well-dated stratigraphic record covering the past 4000 years. Nine stratigraphic units were sampled and analyzed for pollen. It was hoped that the pollen record would illuminate differences in the source of the sediments in the strata and assist in interpreting the genetic origins of the sediments.

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT BAKER VILLAGE (26WP63), EASTERN NEVADA (1997)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Thomas E. Moutoux.

    Baker Village represents at least two occupations, one in the AD 1000s and the later probably in the AD 1200s. Twelve pollen samples were examined from the central house, seven pithouses, three surface structures that functioned as storage structures, and a ramada. Pollen analysis was undertaken to provide information concerning subsistence during both occupations, as well as to define differences in economic activity between pithouses and storage structures.

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT BELLOWS AIRFORCE BASE, OAHU (1989)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. PaleoResearch Institute.

    Pollen samples were collected stratigraphically from sediments along Waimanalo Stream on Bellows Airforce Base as part of a flood control project. Pollen analysis of these sediments was undertaken to identify elements of the native Hawaiian prehistoric vegetation.

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT BULL CREEK III, OKLAHOMA (2009)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. R.A. Varney.

    Five pollen samples were extracted from 34BV176 (Bull Creek III), a PaleoIndian site located near Bull Creek in Beaver County, Oklahoma (Table 1). Sediments represented by these samples were collected from the 5AB levels and the underlying 5Btk level at the site. These samples were collected in the same layer that yielded a radiocarbon date of 13,210 ± 80 radiocarbon years BP (RCYBP), as well as slightly above and below this level. All five samples were collected below the sediment dated to...

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT CA-ORA-660, IRVINE COAST, CALIFORNIA (1989)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

    Site Ca-Ora-660 is located on the coast near Pelican Point. Two off-site pollen samples were examined to provide controls for interpreting the cultural pollen record. Archaeological feature samples were collected from Features 1 and 3, a fire-affected rock concentration and a fire-affected rock alignment respectively. Pollen analysis was undertaken to examine evidence of subsistence activities involving plants.

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT CA-ORA-671, CALIFORNIA (1989)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

    Site Ca-Ora-671 is located in the upper reaches of Buck Gully to the north of Ca-Ora-678. Pollen samples were collected from features to examine a portion of the vegetal subsistence record at this site. Samples were analyzed from a fire-affected rock cluster, a hearth, in association with a large hearth, and from groudstone collected outside another hearth. Pollen samples were examined from an off-site column to provide controls for interpreting the subsistence record.

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT CA-SBA-2338 AND CA-SBA-2339, SANTA BARBARA COUNTY, CALIFORNIA (1991)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

    Pollen analysis was conducted on shell-bearing deposits at two sites in Goleta, California. Pollen analysis was designed to address both past vegetation in the area and to identify any evidence of subsistence.

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT CA-Ven-I020, CALIFORNIA (1990)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

    Ten pollen samples were analyzed from CA-Ven-1020 to examine the past vegetation record. This vegetation record will be used to assist in determining whether or not a date can be established for construction of a rock ring (Feature 2). Other samples examined include those from the present ground surface, artifact concentrations, and a rock oven, which has been described as a yucca roasting oven.

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT CDC-7, CANYON DE CHELLY, ARIZONA (1989)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. PaleoResearch Institute.

    Six pollen samples were submitted for analysis from a Pueblo I pitstructure and related sediments in Canyon de Chelly National Monument, Arizona. This pitstructure had been truncated by an arroyo, but appeared to have been of "great kiva" proportions, approximating 10 m in diameter. Pollen samples were collected from a stratigraphic sequence in both archaeological and nonarchaeological deposits to provide a framework for comparison of historic and prehistoric deposits. Identification...

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT CEDAR SIDING SHELTER (42EH1533), EMERY COUNTY, UTAH (1982)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott. PaleoResearch Institute.

    Excavation of a series of overhangs in Emery County, Utah, known as the Cedar Siding Shelter (42EM1533) included pollen sampling. Cedar Siding Shelter is a series of overhangs located around a single, large boulder. The site ranges in age from Middle Archaic to Fremont. Water is currently available from nearby Grassy Trail Creek and an unnamed intermittent drainage. Price River flows approximately 2 1/2 miles to the south of the site. Eleven pollen samples were selected for analysis, and...

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT CRAZY BIRD (42SV896), SOUTHEASTERN UTAH (1998)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Thomas E. Moutoux.

    Crazy Bird Shelter is located at an elevation of approximately 8400 ft. Other studies in this region at lower elevations have yielded evidence of maize. Macrofloral analysis at Crazy Bird Shelter did not provide any evidence of maize. P-II and early P-III olla fragments recovered at elevations above 10,000 ft. might have been used for long distance transport of foods including maize. The primary question at Crazy Bird Shelter is whether or not the occupants had access to and used maize. In...

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT DCA-88-251, DCA-89-44, DCA-89-45, AND DCA-88-414, NAVAJO RESERVOIR DISTRICT, NORTHWESTERN NEW MEXICO (1990)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

    POLLEN ANALYSIS AT DCA-88-251, DCA-89-44, DCA-89-45, AND DCA-88-414, NAVAJO RESERVOIR DISTRICT, NORTHWESTERN NEW MEXICO: Four sites were examined for pollen in the Navajo Reservoir District of northwestern New Mexico. Three of these sites exhibit Anasazi occupations, while the fourth is an Archaic hearth. DCA-88-251 is represented by samples collected from a pitstructure and a surface structure. A single sample from a possible activity area represents DCA-89-44, while the midden at DCA-89-45...

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT DCA-89-89, NEW MEXICO (1990)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

    Five pollen samples were examined from DCA-89-89 (LA 72378). Pollen samples from this Gobernador lithic/ceramic scatter were analyzed to evaluate the vegetation at the time of habitation, as well as to identify any subsistence activities involving plants.

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT EAST RUIN, AZTEC RUINS NATIONAL MONUMENT, NEW MEXICO (1989)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. PaleoResearch Institute.

    Six pollen samples were analyzed from three mounds from the East Ruin at Aztec Ruins National Monument in New Mexico. This analysis was performed in association with excavations to determine the nature of various mounds. Excavations confirmed Mound E as a trash mound from the Mesa Verde period (1200s), Mound D as a roomblock extension of Mound C, and the unnumbered mound as an historic earthwork possibly associated with a barn. The emphasis of the pollen study was on establishing a...

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT FIVE PREHISTORIC SITES IN THE WYOMING BLACK HILLS (1995)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

    A total of 47 stratigraphic pollen samples and four coprolite samples from five prehistoric sites in the Wyoming Black Hills were examined for pollen. Samples represent acultural and cultural levels, as well as features. Pollen was examined primarily to provide paleoenvironmental interpretations. The oldest radiocarbon age reported for 48CK1395, a multi-component rock shelter, was 5960 + 70 BP. Occupations at other sites dated between 7430 + 80 BP and 80 + 60 BP.

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT FIVE SITES IN THE TOWOAC CANAL REACH II AREA, MONTEZUMA COUNTY, COLORADO (1990)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

    Five archaeological sites representing habitation or seasonal habitation in the area of Hovenweep Canyon were selected for pollen analysis. Occupation at these sites ranged from Basketmaker III to Pueblo III. Pollen samples were examined from structure floors, feature fill, groundstone, and a single "cloudblower" to identify economic activity at these sites.

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT FORT BRIDGER (48UT29), WYOMING (1991)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

    Pollen samples were examined from Features 2 and 3 at Fort Briefer (48UT29) to assist in identifying the purpose for which these features were used. Feature 2 appears to be the trading post. It had a wooden floor while in use. Feature 3 was a pit that might have functioned as a storage pit or possibly as a milk trench or well. It was utilized during the Mormon era.

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT FORT LARNED, KANSAS (1975)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott.

    Fort Larned National Historic Site, Pawnee County, Kansas was the focus of archaeological investigations conducted by the University of Colorado from 1972 to 1974. During 1973 pollen samples were taken from various features in the vicinity of Fort Larned, as well as from the fort area proper. The primary reason for the sampling of archaeological features was to recover environmental and cultural data. It was hoped that analysis of the environmental data would provide information on the historic...

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT FORT UTAH (42UT150), A PREHISTORIC COMPONENT (1984)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott. PaleoResearch Institute.

    Site 42UT150 (Fort Utah) contains both a historic component and a prehistoric component. Three pollen were taken within the prehistoric component, which is described as a Fremont occupation. The fourth sample functions as a control and was taken in·a separate test hole. Continuing excavation at this site has uncovered two large pit areas which are overlain by dense concentrations of midden debris composed of large concentrations of faunal material. Lithic and ceramic material are also...

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT FOUR SITES IN THE MICHAEL'S (CLO-CHEN-TOH) EXCHANGE, NORTHWEST NEW MEXICO (1983)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott.

    Four sites dating to the mid-1200s in the Michael's (Clo-Chen-Toh) Exchange were sampled for pollen during archaeological mitigation. The sites consist of pitstructures, masonary rooms, and jacal structures. Mealing bins and hearths were also noted as extra-mural features. These sites are located to the north of Ramah, New Mexico in a mixed conifer zone supporting ponderosa pine, pinyon pine, juniper, and oak at elevations between 7000 and 7100 feet. The study area is situated between the...

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT FOUR SITES IN TONTO AND COCONINO FORESTS (1987)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. PaleoResearch Institute.

    Pollen samples from four Southern Sinagua sites in the Tonto and Coconino Forests were analyzed in conjunction with archaeological survey. Samples submitted for analysis were collected from agricultural fields and roasting features. Pollen analysis was oriented toward the identification of subsistence activities and crops grown in the agricultural fields.

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT GOBBLER'S KNOB, 48SU261, NEAR PINEDALE WYOMING (2004)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text R.A. Varney. Linda Scott Cummings.

    Site 48SU261 is located in the Green River Basin, south of the town of Pinedale, Wyoming. It is situated within eolian sediments on a low ridge about five miles North of the New Fork River. The site contains an Early Archaic component dated to about 6900 BP and a Late Archaic component dating to 3950 BP. The site consists of two pit features that probably represent occupation structures, one of which contained features within the larger feature, and hearth features outside the presumed...

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT HABITATION AND AGRICULTURAL SITES NEAR WAIOHULI AHUPUA'A ON THE ISLAND OF MAUI, HAWAI'I (1993)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

    Sites 3237, 3200, 3232, and 3304 represent habitation features and a large agricultural feature. Radiocarbon dates indicate occupation at two of the sites occurred between 1400 and 1600 AD. Pollen, phytoliths, and starch granules were examined from the agricultural terrace at site 3200 to determine what crops were grown. Pollen and starch analysis was conducted at the habitation features to identify any evidence of subsistence.

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT HAWAI'I-KAI, MAUNALUA, O'AHU (1995)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

    Six samples were collected from Hawai'i-Kai, Maunalua, O'ahu. Two parcels are represented in this study, Kamilo Ridge and Kamilonui 2. The Kamilo Ridge parcel is represented by stratigraphic samples collected from a trench in an inland, modified outcrop terrace fronting an overhang shelter in a small leeward valley on the southeast end of the Ko'olau Range. The Kamilonui 2 parcel contains an inland agricultural complex consisting of a cluster of modified outcrops and small dry terraces and...

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT IA 69817, SAN JUAN COUNTY, NEW MEXICXO (1992)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

    Pollen analysis was conducted en seven features from LA 69817, a multiconpanent site located on a mesa bench east of Cox Canyon. Pollen analysis was undertaken to identify subsistence activities at this site. Analysis concentrated an Ffeature 2-1, a probable burned structure; Feature 3-1, a shallow pit structure that contained internal, aswell as external features; Feature 4-2, a bell-shaped roasting pit; Feature 4-4, a hearth; and Feature 4-5, a small midden deposit.

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT ICD-13, CALIFORNIA (1991)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

    Pollen analysis was conducted at ICD-13 to examine the past environment near the time of oocxpation and identify possible use of native vegetation during the oasupaticn. This site is located near the Pelican Hill site (Ca-0ra-662). Late prehistoric features (500-1040 BP) are noted at ICD-13 and are similar to those at the Pelican Hill site.

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT JERRY CREEK (1979)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott. Lester A. Wheeler.

    Pollen sampling and analysis of the Jerry Creek Sites were undertaken in conjunction with mitigation of these sites for the Ute Conservancy District. Site 5ME42B Loci I and II is a stratified lithic site overlooking Jerry Creek located on private land, while Site 5ME429 Loci I through V is a stratified site located on Bureau of Land Management property. Both sites are in Mesa County, Colorado. Site 5ME42B is adjacent to the intermittent Jerry Creek in a narrow valley at 5350, feet (1630 m.) in...

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT KANEOHE BAY, OAHU (1996)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

    Eleven pollen samples were examined from sediments in three trenches in Area 3, Kaneohe Bay. Calibrated radiocarbon ages indicate that sediments range from AD 660-975 to AD 1270-1430. The stratigraphic pollen samples extend to layers that predate the oldest date and post-date the most recent date. Both wetlands and a dune landscape are noted within the area today. Pollen analysis of these samples concentrated on identification of vegetation associated with the inland and wetland stratigraphic...

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT KAY'S CABIN, SITE 42UT813, UTAH (2004)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. R.A. Varney.

    Site 42UT813 represents a late Fremont occupation in central Utah. A single pollen sample from the floor of Structure 2 (Feature 55), a deep pit structure that burned, was examined previously (Puseman and Cummings 2001). A metate from this same structure floor at Kay's Cabin (site 42UT813) in Utah Valley was analyzed for pollen to identify plants that might have been ground using this tool.

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT LA 78813 AND LA 78813, SAN JUAN COUNTY, NEW MEXICO (1993)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

    Pollen samples were examined from an Anasazi habitation site (LA 78812) and a Basketmaker II habitation site (LA 78813) to identify subsistence activities at these sites. Pollen samples were examined from the present ground surface to provide data concerning modern distribution of pollen from the local vegetation.

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT LA-2901, PUEBLO DE LA MESA, CIBOLA NATIONAL FOREST, NEW MEXICO (1994)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

    Pueblo de la Mesa (LA-2091) is located on top of a bluff or mesa in Cibola National Forest in central New Mexico. The site is situated at an elevation of approximately 6690 feet (2040m) above sea level and lies approximately 100m above the surrounding plain. Anasazi remains representing a Glaze A occupation (13th century) are noted to cover nearly the entire flat top of the north side of the mesa. Pueblo Colorado, a large proto-historic Pueblo site, is located approximately 2km north of...

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT LA19367, A SAND DUNE SITE IN NORTHWEST NEW MEXICO (1986)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott. PaleoResearch Institute.

    Site LA19367 was exposed in a sand dune on the north-northeast side of a tributary drainage to Chaco River in northwestern New Mexico. Pollen samples were taken from a stratigraphic profile in Trench 3 near Feature 4, from the charcoal and charcoal stained soil of Feature 4, and Feature 5. Pollen samples were taken in conjunction with archaeological mitigation and will address both the subsistence base and the paleoenvironment.

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT LELEPAUA FISHPOND, HICKAM AIRFORCE BASE, PEARL HARBOR ESTUARY, OAHU, HAWAI'I (1998)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

    Four sediment samples recovered from depths ranging from 170 to 377 cm below the surface at Lelepaua Fishpond (site 50-80-13-82) were examined for pollen and foraminifera. This site is located near the entrance to Pearl Harbor Estuary, Oahu. Pollen samples were examined to identify vegetation surrounding the fishpond at the time of its use and confirm that these sediments represent fishpond sediments.

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT LONG H RUIN (AZ Q:3:97(ASM)), NEAR WINSLOW, ARIZONA (1989)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. PaleoResearch Institute.

    Pollen samples were collected during testing and stabilization at Long H Ruin following vandalism to the site in 1982. Pollen samples were collected to help define the deposits in the test trench, which may represent post-occupational accumulation in a pithouse.

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT LOS HORNOS (AZ U:9:48 (ASM)), ARIZONA (1992)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

    Seventy-eight pollen samples were examined from a variety of locations within Los Hornos primarily to address questions regarxiing subsistence and economic strategies. Various natural and cultural factors may have influenced these strategies, which are likely to have relied heavily on farming, with the addition of collected or wild plant resources. Three research questions outlined under Problem Domain IV may be addressed directly through the pollen record: 1. What economic resources were...

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT MADISON JUNCTION (48YE365) , YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK, WYOMING (1993)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. Linda Scott Cummings.

    Site 48YE365 is located on the floodplain and first terrace north of the Gibbon and Madison Rivers. This extensive lithic scatter has the potential of yielding information about the Holocene subsistence and settlement. Pollen collected stratigraphically from Test Unit 3 at this site was examined to provide evidence of the paleoenvironment. The lithic assemblage points to occupation between 5000 and 1500 B.C.

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT NANEA WELLS, SITE 29005, AT KAUPULEHU AHUPUA’A, NORTH KONA DISTRICT, ISLAND OF HAWAII (2011)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

    Four samples collected from Kaupulehu Ahupua’a, in the North Kona District on the Island of Hawai’i were examined for pollen in an effort to determine whether this area was used for sweet potato agriculture or not.

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT ONE RESIDENTIAL SITE, AZ T:8:4 (ASM), AND POLLEN AND PHYTOLITH ANALYSIS AT TWO AGRICULTURAL SITES, AZ T:8:9 (ASM) AND AZ T:8:35 (ASU)/AZ T:8:176 (ASM), FOR THE FORT MOUNTAIN PROJECT, ARIZONA (2004)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. R.A. Varney.

    Five archaeological sites (two agricultural and three habitation) were examined in the Fort Mountain Project located in the Union Hills area north of Phoenix. Four of these archaeological sites were examined for archaeobotanic remains. Site AZ T:8:4(ASM), a residential site, yielded five pollen samples for analysis from three habitation features. Site AZ T:8:9(ASM) was comprised of numerous rock piles, five of which were examined for both pollen and phytoliths that might inform concerning...

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT PREHISTORIC SITE 26CK7041 AND POLLEN, PHYTOLITH, MACROFLORAL, AND FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROMETRY (FTIR) ANALYSES AT HISTORIC SITE 26CK7053 (2007)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Kathryn Puseman. Linda Scott Cummings. Chad Yost.

    Archaeobotanical samples were examined from two sites located on Oliver Ranch, approximately 10 miles southwest of Las Vegas, Nevada. Samples from two possible hearth or roasting features and a soil control were analyzed for pollen remains from prehistoric site 26CK7041. Samples also were submitted from three features at historic site 26CK7053. A sample believed to represent hearth/stove ash from Feature 1, a residential cabin, and four stratigraphic column samples from an area believed to...

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT PUULOA, 0' AHU, HAWAI' I (1989)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

    Six soil samples from four sites were examined for their pollen content. Various loose rock structures that might have been associated with dry land agriculture in prehistoric times were sampled. Agricultural function at these sites is suggested through the lack of household goods, fishing implements, or other artifacts. Pollen analysis, then, was undertaken to identify any indication of specific crops that would support this theory. In addition, pollen analysis addressed evidence for...

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT SAINT FRANCIS RIVER AND LAKE SAINT FRANCIS, NORTHEASTERN ARKANSAS (1987)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. PaleoResearch Institute.

    Pollen analysis of two cores from the Saint Francis River and Lake Saint Francis in Poinsette County, Arkansas was directed toward identification of paleoenvironmental conditions. Cores were collected by Dr. John C. Dixon of the Deptarment of Geography for pollen and geomorphic analysis. The cores represent sediments of early Holocene or perhaps very late Pleistocene age at their base.

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT SELECTED SITES IN THE ATRISCO GRANT, ALONG THE RIO PUERCO, NEW MEXICO (1983)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott. PaleoResearch Institute.

    Testing and excavation of five archaeological sites within the Atrisco Grant yielded pollen samples which were analyzed to assist in the interpretation of these sites. The sites are located along the Rio Puerco west of Albuquerque. The five sites represent the flat bajada area adjacent to the Rio Puerco, as well as more broken terrain overlooking the river. Pollen analysis will concern itself with both paleoenvironmental and subsistence data.

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT SEVEN SITES FROM TOWAOC CANAL, REACH III EXCAVATIONS, SOUTHWESTERN COLORADO (1991)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

    Seven sites examined in conjunction with the Towaoc Canal Reach III Excavations were selected for pollen analysis. The pollen record represents primarily floor and feature samples at these sites. Pollen was examined specifically to identify plants processed and/or stored at these sites.

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT SIMKINS FLAT, ARIZONA (2001)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

    Seven sediment samples collected at wide intervals from a stratigraphic column in Simkins Flat, an alluviated valley in the Upper Basin, were examined to provide a pollen record of vegetation and to search for evidence of maize. These samples represent two strata and a thin lens separating them. The base of the upper stratum is anchored by radiocarbon dates of AD 782-984, while a radiocarbon age near the base of the upper stratum is reported as AD 1415-1521.

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT SITE 24JF110, MONTANA (1997)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Thomas E. Moutoux.

    Site 24JF110 is situated in a floodplain of Quinn Creek in Jefferson County, Montana. The site exhibits evidence of McKean, Pelican Lake, and Late Prehistoric components. Pollen analysis was conducted on three stratigraphic samples to obtain information concerning vegetation at the time of these three occupations.

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT SITE 3324, A BURIED FISHPOND AND FIELD SYSTEM, WEST LOCH, OAHU (1989)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. PaleoResearch Institute.

    Pollen samples were collected from five locations in site 3324, a buried pondfield system at West Loch. Backhoe Trench 4-41, as well as Cores 1 and 2 were collected from Area 4, which included buried fishponds. Backhoe Trench 4-41 was opened immediately outside Buried Fishpond 3322. Cores 1 and 2 were collected inside the Buried Fishpond 3322 location. Local tradition has it that the area of Fishpond 3322 functioned as a taro field, then rice field in historic tines. Cores 3 and 4 were...

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT SITE 42SA23136, UTAH (1999)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Thomas E. Moutoux.

    Pollen analysis at 42SA23136 includes examination of samples representing various soil strata, many of which are thought to represent a mid-Pleistocene paleosol. Twelve samples represent a stratigraphic column, while samples from other features represent isolated periods of time. Pollen analysis of these samples was undertaken to reconstruct prehistoric vegetation in this area and provide information concerning possible climate changes during dune formation.

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT SITE 48CA1140 IN THE POWDER RIVER BASIN, WYOMING (1985)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott.

    Site 48CA1140 is located on a terrace along the north side of Antelope Creek in Campbell County, Wyoming. The site is situated on an intermittent tributary to Antelope Creek. This multiple occupation campsite appears to have been used by hunters and gatherers. Cultural materials were noted on the surface and in the upper 10 cm of deposition. A backhoe trench placed on the terrace edge near the drainage revealed a firehearth at a depth of 75 cm below the present ground surface, which was...

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT SITE 5627, ON THE LEEWARD SIDE OF THE ISLAND OF HAWAII (1992)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

    Twenty-nine pollen sarrples were examined fran Site 5627 on the leeward side of the island of Hawaii. The project area is located approximately two to three miles south of the harbor at Kawaihae. A series of discrete cultural layers alternates with wind-blown sands at this site. Pollen sarrples represent a stratigraphic column fran the base of the block excavation to the uppenrost undist'L1riJed layer, as well as hearth features. Pollen analysis of the stratigraphic column provides...

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT SITE 5AA952, ARCHULETA COUNTY, COLORADO (1995)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Thomas E. Moutoux.

    Site 5AA952 is situated in an over-grazed meadow at an elevation of approximately 7100 feet in the San Juan Mountains of southern Colorado. Ceramics recovered from the surface include Pueblo I grayware, and groundstone is abundant. Cultural material was recovered throughout sediments excavated in test unit 1. Three pieces of groundstone and 15 sediment samples were examined from this site to identify plants used by the occupants of this site, as well as changes in local vegetation from the base...

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT SITE 5DL775 , DOLORES COUNTY, COLORADO (1984)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott. PaleoResearch Institute.

    Five pollen samples were selected for anaysis from site 5DL775, northwest of Dolores on the Dolores Plateau. This site is a southwest-facing rockshelter, which was initially tested during the summer of 1983. The shelter contained a firehearth, displaying various lenses of ash and charcoal. Four of the pollen samples were taken from lenses within the hearth area, while the fifth sample was taken from the present ground surface. The rockshelter is located in an open, upland valley surrounded...

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT SITE 5GA869 (HORN RANCH SITE), COLORADO (1998)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Thomas E. Moutoux.

    Site 5GA869, the Horn Ranch Site, is located on a bench overlooking the Colorado and Fraser Rivers in Middle Park, Grand County, Colorado. Two stratigraphic columns were examined to identify trends in vegetation composition over the past more than 7000 years. In addition, seven pieces of groundstone were washed for pollen and starch granules to identify foods that were ground.

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT SITE 64T1, VALLEY DE TOLUCA, MEXICO (1996)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

    Ten pollen samples from the Tlacomuli Site (64T1) in the Valley de Toluca were examined for pollen. Previous analysis of two sediment samples from this site for pollen and phytolith analysis yielded sufficient remains to recommend further study. Samples were obtained from a Late Post Classic or Colonial house and from a trench. Pollen analysis was undertaken to provide information regarding subsistence for the occupants of this site.

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT SITE LA 15867, UNION COUNTY, NEW MEXICO (1978)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott.

    Pollen analysis was undertaken on 44 samples from site LA 15867 and its surroundings in Union County, New Mexico. The site is located on a series of six ridges near the Dry Cimarron River and consists of stone rings and associated use areas located on the tops of the ridges. The site appears to be Plains Woodland in affiliation and may date between approximately A.D. 700 and A.D. 1000 (Yvonne Oakes, personal communication, December 14, 1978). Various features of the site were sampled for pollen...

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT SITE SPE484 , SOUTHEASTERN COLORADO (1987)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

    Three pollen samples were collected at site 5PE484 to study the feasability of obtaining interpretable pollen from this site. Site 5PE484 is located at the mouth of Apishapa Canyon on the canyon rim. The site appears to have been occupied about A.D. 1300 since the artifactual remains are similar to those recovered from the nearby Snake Blakeseley Site (James Gunnerson, personal communication, June 1987). Three rooms were excavated at this site, and each yielded a single sample for pollen...

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT SITE T-48, WATERFRONT ANNEX, GUAM (2002)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

    Three sediment samples collected from different layers in Area 14 at site T-48, of the COMNAVMARIANAS, Waterfront Annex, were examined for pollen. Trench 1 of Area 14 is located immediately upslope of the interface of the coastal mudflat and dry slope. This site is located close to the Guam Ordnance Annex Area 2 where pollen samples were examined in 1999 (Cummings 1999). Therefore, comparisons are possible between these two pollen records.

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT SITES 42Sv 2175 AND 42In 1119 (1987)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J Scott. PaleoResearch Institute.

    Pollen samples were collected in connection with archaeological mitigation at two sites (42Sv 2175 and 42In 1119) for Mountain Fuel Supply. The pollen record from these Fremont sites was examined to obtain subsistence and ceremonial data. The pollen samples from 42Sv 2175 were collected from proveniences associated with a burial, while those from 42In 1119 were associated with the living surface of a possible ramada-type feature.

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT SITES 42WS1582 AND 42WS1585 ALONG THE UP&L NEWCASTLE POWERLINE TESTING (1987)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott. PaleoResearch Institute.

    Pollen samples were collected in connection with archaeological mitigation from two sites (42Ws 1582 and 42Ws 1585) along the UP&L Newcastle Powerline. No definable features available for sampling at these sites. The pollen samples were collected from test pits at this site to provide basic paleoenvironmental data from these Archaic sites. Lithic debris was usually confined to the upper 20 cm of each pit.

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT SITES 48CA2631, 48CA2634, AND 48CA2635, WYOMING (1999)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings. Thomas E. Moutoux.

    Pollen records from three archaeological sites associated with Porcupine Creek were examined. Site 48CA2631 provided a stratigraphic record for approximately the past 2000 years. Stratigraphic pollen records were examined from sites 48CA2631 and 48CA2635 to examine vegetation and the paleoenvironment. Features were sampled for pollen at 48CA2631, 48CA2634, and 48CA2635 to identify plants that might have been processed.

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT SITES 48SW2090 AND 48SW624, SWEETWATER COUNTY, WYOMING (1991)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

    Site 48SW2090 is a multicranpanent site exhibiting three cultural oonpanents varying in age from 5120-1990 BP. Stratigraphic pollen analysis at this site provides evidence for interpretation of the paleoenviranment prior to the first occupation and through succeeding occupations. In addition, examination of three features, one from each cultural component, provides data to examine subsistence. Site 48SW624 exhibited two activity areas that yielded radiocarbon ages of 3340 BP and 4030-4070...

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT SITES A, 46, 48, AND 49 IN MAKENA, MAUI (1993)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

    Four samples were examined for pollen from test pits and a shovel test area during archaeological excavations in Makena, Maui. These samples were collected from a rock mound (Site "A"), an enclosure (Site 46), and two terraces (Sites 48 and 49) . The rock mound and two terraces might be related to agricultural activities, while the enclosure was probably related to permanent habitation along the coast. Pollen analysis was undertaken to identify any evidence of agricultural activities or...

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT SITES FA-3-6, FA-1-6, FA-3-3, AND FA-2-8 IN NORTHWEST NEW MEXICO (1983)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott.

    Excavation of four archaeological sites within an area being considered for exchange yielded pollen samples which were analyzed to assist in the interpretation of these sites. The pollen analysis will concern itself with both paleoenvironmental and subsistence data. All four sites appear to contain elements from Anasazi occupation of the area.

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT SITES FA-I-2, FA-I-5, FA-2-7, FA-2-8, FA-2-I6, AND FA-2-I7 IN NORTHWEST NEW MEXICO (1983)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott.

    Pollen analysis of material from archaeological sites in the vicinity of Farmington, New Mexico, has been undertaken in conjunction with archaeological testing. The pollen record from five sites in this vicinity has been previously studied and reported (Scott 1983a, 1983b). Six additional sites were selected for pollen analysis and are discussed herein. Four of the sites are located to the north and northeast of Farmington on Hood Mesa, which is drained by ephemeral streams that ultimately...

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT SITES LA 14695, 14702, 14703, 14704, AND 14705 WEST OF CHACO CANYON NATIONAL MONUMENT, NEW MEXICO (1978)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott.

    Pollen samples from five late Basketmaker III to Pueblo I sites in northwestern New Mexico have been the object of this study. Analysis was undertaken in an effort to provide specific subsistence information, as well as to evaluate the data concerning the environment of the sites during their occupation. Features including cists, bins, and vessels were sampled to provide the subsistence data.

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT SIX SITES IN RED ROCKS STATE PARK, ALONG THE PARK ACCESS ROAD, AND ALONG THE LOWER RED ROCK LOOP ROAD, YAVAPAI COUNTY, ARIZONA (1990)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

    Pollen was analyzed from sub-surface proveniences at these sites to assist in answering research questions outlined for this study concerning subsistence. Research questions which may be addressed through the pollen record include identification of the nature of activities that took place at the sites, identification of the nature of the subsistence strategies involving wild and domesticated plants, and identification of permanent or seasonal habitations at sites AR-03-04-06-128(CNF) and...

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT SIX SITES IN THE COPPER MOUNTAIN DEVELOPMENT PROJECT AREA, WYOMING (1980)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott.

    Palynological analysis was undertaken in connection with archaeological investigations at Copper Mountain, in central Wyoming. Pollen samples from six sites ranging in age from Paleo-Indian to Late Prehistoric were selected for analysis. The sites range in elevation from 5850 feet to 5980 feet, which is within the Upper Sonoran life zone. The Upper Sonoran life zone extends from 5, 000 feet to 6, 000 or 6, 500 feet in the Owl Creek Mountain range (Cary 1917:21-22). The most common vegetation on...

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT SYSSIPHEUS SHELTER, 5GF110, IN WESTERN COLORADO (1980)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda J. Scott.

    Palynological analysis at the Syssipheus Rockshelter (5GFIIO) was undertaken in conjunction with archaeological mitigation of the site in preparation for widening highway 1-70. The rockshelter is formed by a large boulder protruding from the ground; the occupied area being on the downhill side of the boulder. Pollen analysis of several stratigraphic columns overlapping in age was undertaken to define paleoenvironmental change in the vicinity of 5GFllO, Syssipheus Shelter. Several stratigraphic...

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT THE ADMIRALTY SITE (CA-LAN-47), CALIFORNIA (1991)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

    The Admiralty Site is an urban site located near Marina del Rey in West Los Angeles, California. The excavated portion of this site consists pri marily of a midden approximately 60 cm in depth. The midden includes dark A-horizons that contain food, shell, fire-cracked rock, lithics, as well as small quantities of faunal material and shell beads. No stratigraphic components or-features were noted at the site. Stratigraphic samples were collected from three test pits within the midden. The...

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT THE ARIVACA SITE (AZ DD:7:22), SOUTHEASTERN ARIZONA (1990)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

    The Arivaca Site (AZ DD:7:22) is located to the east of the town of Arivaca in southeastern Arizona at an elevation of 2600 feet. This site is located in a mesquite bosque, although the basin is ringed with oak wood land. Pollen samples were analyzed from the floor of Feature 1, the only structure excavated, as well as from a hearth and two pits within the structure, a single stratum within the midden, and two extramural roasting pits.Pollen analysis was clearly undertaken to identify elements...

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT THE BACCHARIS SITE (NA19,342), NORTHWEST OF PHOENIX, ARIZONA (1987)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

    The Baccharis Site (NA 19,342) is located northwest of Phoenix along the east bank of the New River Drainage. Culturally, this site exhibits an early occupation, represented by late Pioneer and Colonial Period materials. The specific affiliation is to the Snaketown Phase (or slightly early), as well as the Gila Butte and Santa Cruz Phases. Twenty-four pollen samples were selected for analysis from this site for the purpose of examining the vegetal portion of the subsistence base. These...

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT THE BASE OF A ROCK WALL IN MAUNALEI GULCH, LANAI ISLAND, HAWAI'I (2004)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

    Site 2G is located in Maunalei Gulch on Lanai. A single pollen sample was collected beneath a wall and analyzed to identify pre-contact vegetation in the area.

  • POLLEN ANALYSIS AT THE BERNHARDT SITE (5WL1860), NORTHEASTERN COLORADO (1995)
    DOCUMENT Full-Text Linda Scott Cummings.

    The Bernhardt site (5WL1860) is located approximately 100 meters southeast of the Dent site (5WL269). Relative stratigraphy places this hearth as probable Mid to Late Archaic (4000 to 2000 BP). Pollen analysis of the fill was undertaken to identify any evidence of subsistence activity.