Theodore Roosevelt Dam Archaeological Project

Between October, 1990, and January, 1991, SWCA, Environmental Consultants conducted archaeological survey of approximately 1,800 acres of Tonto National Forest land in the Roosevelt Basin, central Arizona. This project, the Roosevelt Bajada Survey, was done to provide survey data on portions of the Basin that are not being investigated by Arizona State University (ASU) as part of its Roosevelt Lake Project. The survey recorded 111 new sites and rerecorded five previously known sites; four...

The Roosevelt Community Development Study (RCD) was one of three data recovery mitigative studies that the Bureau of Reclamation funded to investigate the prehistory of the Tonto Basin in the vicinity of Theodore Roosevelt Dam. The series of investigations constituted Reclamation's program for complying with historic preservation legislation as it applied to the raising and modification of Theodore Roosevelt Dam. Reclamation contracted with Desert Archaeology, Inc. to complete the research for...

The Roosevelt Community Development Study (RCD) was one of three data recovery mitigative studies that the Bureau of Reclamation funded to investigate the prehistory of the Tonto Basin in the vicinity of Theodore Roosevelt Dam. The series of investigations constituted Reclamation's program for complying with historic preservation legislation as it applied to the raising and modification of Theodore Roosevelt Dam. Reclamation contracted with Desert Archaeology, Inc. to complete the research for...

The Roosevelt Community Development Study (RCD) was one of three data recovery mitigative studies that the Bureau of Reclamation funded to investigate the prehistory of the Tonto Basin in the vicinity of Theodore Roosevelt Dam. The series of investigations constituted Reclamation's program for complying with historic preservation legislation as it applied to the raising and modification of Theodore Roosevelt Dam. Reclamation contracted with Desert Archaeology, Inc. to complete the research for...

The Roosevelt Community Development Study (RCD) involved the testing and excavation of 27 sites in the Lower Tonto Basin of central Arizona. This is one of three related data recovery projects undertaken in the Tonto Basin for the Bureau of Reclamation prior to the raising of the Roosevelt Lake dam. The results of the RCD project are presented in four Anthropological Papers of the Center for Desert Archaeology: Anthropological Papers No. 12 is the research design; Anthropological Papers No. 13...

The Roosevelt Community Development Study (RCD) was one of three data recovery mitigative studies that the Bureau of Reclamation funded to investigate the prehistory of the Tonto Basin in the vicinity of Theodore Roosevelt Dam. The series of investigations constituted Reclamation's program for complying with historic preservation legislation as it applied to the raising and modification of Theodore Roosevelt Dam. Reclamation contracted with Desert Archaeology, Inc. to complete the research for...

The Roosevelt Community Development Study (RCD) involved the testing and excavation of 27 sites in the Lower Tonto Basin of central Arizona. This is one of three related data recovery projects undertaken in the Tonto Basin for the Bureau of Reclamation prior to the raising of the Roosevelt Lake dam. The results of the RCD project are presented in four Anthropological Papers of the Center for Desert Archaeology: Anthropological Papers No. 12 is the research design; Anthropological Papers No. 13...

The Roosevelt Community Development Study (RCD) involved the testing and excavation of 27 sites in the Lower Tonto Basin of central Arizona. This is one of three related data recovery projects undertaken in the Tonto Basin for the Bureau of Reclamation prior to the raising of the Roosevelt Lake dam. The results of the RCD project are presented in four Anthropological Papers of the Center for Desert Archaeology. This volume synthesizes data recovered from the RCD excavations to provide a more...

This is the introduction to the Roosevelt Platform Mound Studies. The Roosevelt Platform Mound Study investigated the physical and social organization of three Classic period community complexes in the Tonto Basin of Arizona known as Pinto Creek, Cline Terrace, and Rock Island. The data were collected from the investigation of 79 prehistoric sites arranged in three clusters within the Tonto Basin. There are many other sites not examined by the investigations described in this series of...

This volume is the second in the Roosevelt Monograph Series and is based on papers presented by members of the research team of the Roosevelt Platform Mound Study at a symposium held at the Society for American Archaeology annual meeting in New Orleans in the spring of 1991. Three additional chapters have been added based on papers presented elsewhere during that year. We are grateful to the authors for their contributions and their early insights on the data recovered in the early phases of the...

This guideline describes the field recording procedures, codes, techniques of recording, taking photos, illustrating excavations units and other field methods and techniques used as part of the Roosevelt Platform Mound Study (1989-1998).

The Center for Archaeology and Society (CAS), the Phoenix Area Office of the Bureau of Reclamation, and the Center for Digital Antiquity (DA) have created and are making freely available, via tDAR (the Digital Archaeological Record), a large collection of reports, articles, and data sets resulting from the archaeological investigations undertaken for the Theodore Roosevelt Dam project in the Tonto Basin of central Arizona. At present, this tDAR collection includes over two dozen volumes (more...

The Roosevelt Platform Mound Study (RPMS) Lab manual entitled "A Laboratory Plan for Salado Research" (2000) represents the final, principal guide for the study's artifact processing, identification, and specialized analyses. In the opening chapter, the manual describes artifact processing and documentation procedures. The second chapter describes the RPMS database and data documentation procedures. In the remaining chapters, the manual details the artifact processing and specialized analyses...

The Theodore Roosevelt dam studies impact mitigation program consisted of three data recovery studies that the Bureau of Reclamation funded to investigate the prehistory of the Tonto Basin in the vicinity of Theodore Roosevelt Dam. The research was necessary to mitigate any adverse effects related to modifying and raising the height of the Theodore Roosevelt Dam in the Tonto Basin. A planning team composed of archaeologists from the Bureau of Reclamation, Tonto National Forest, and the State...

This two-part report is the seventh and final site description volume for the Roosevelt Platform Mound Study, an eight-year archaeological research project in the Tonto Basin of central Arizona that began in April 1989. It was funded by the Bureau of Reclamation, Department of the Interior, and was conducted by the Office of Cultural Resource Management in the Department of Anthropology at Arizona State University. The work was performed under a permit from the Tonto National Forest. The...

This report is the fifth site description volume for the Roosevelt Platform Mound Study and describes archaeological investigations at Cline Terrace Mound. Cline Terrace Mound is part of the Cline Terrace Complex, which is located at the northwestern end of the Tonto Basin, along the eastern bank of Tonto Creek. Cline Terrace Mound is the largest site in the complex and is located in its middle, with many other sites in the areas to the northwest and southeast along Tonto Creek. The smaller...

Platform mounds appeared about 100 years later in the Tonto Basin than in the more southerly parts of the Sonoran Desert (e.g., Hayden 1957:186-189; Fish et al. 1992). The first small mounds were built in the Tonto Basin in the decades following A.D. 1250, but the concept gained rapid acceptance, and by the mid-1300s, the 50-kilometer length of the basin was dominated by ten large, regularly spaced mounds (Wood 1989). The mounds and their associated communities were occupied until shortly after...

This report is the second part of the third site description volume for the Roosevelt Platform Mound Study. The two-part report describes the archaeology and artifacts of sites in the Pinto Creek Complex, Livingston Management Group located east of Pinto Creek. The chapters in this part of the report describe the analyses and results of recovered data, including ceramics, lithics, ground stone, shell, special artifacts, physical anthropology, pollen, plant remains,and faunal remains.

This report describes the archaeological investigations and results for studies of sites on Schoolhouse Point Mesa, a large geographic unit naturally bounded by the Salt River on its northern end and by major washes on its eastern and western sides (see Figure 1.1). Although people living on the mesa may have interacted with people living on the other side of major washes or rivers, the ease of interaction among people living on the mesa would have made them relatively more...

This report describes the archaeological investigation, history, and characteristics of the Schoolhouse Point Mound site, part of the Pinto Creek Complex and the Schoolhouse Management Group. The Schoolhouse Point Mound (U:8:24/13a) is a large site with complex stratigraphy. The investigation of it reported here was intensive. The Schoolhouse Point Mound is immediately above the floodplain of the Salt River, on a mesa situated where the river makes a sweeping bend. It is also at the point...

This report is the third site description volume for the Roosevelt Platform Mound Study. This volume describes 52 Uplands Complex sites investigated by the Roosevelt Platform Mound Study. Excavations or surface collections were conducted at 32 of the sites. These sites were in four study units located in the bajadas and foothill-transition zone of the piedmont that surround and define the Tonto Basin. Although the four Uplands Complex study units are in separate localities, the term "uplands"...

This report is the second site description volume for the Roosevelt Platform Mound Study. This volume describes the four sites investigated in the Rock Island Complex by the Roosevelt Platform Mound Study. It also presents some of the analyses and integrated conclusions that address the project's research objectives established by the Bureau of Reclamation and Tonto National Forest archaeologists and outlined in our research design. This volume primarily describes a single large site,...

The Cline Terrace site (AD 1280 to 1400) was a Hohokam style platform mound in the Tonto basin of central Arizona. Cline Terrace is one of the most thoroughly documented platform mounds in the Southwest. A modern excavation project, the Roosevelt Platform Mound Study, generated a large data set from the platform mound, as well as from three villages and two hamlet sites surrounding the mound. These data enabled detailed comparisons between a platform mound and the associated communities where...

The prehistoric Hohokam people of central Arizona constructed platform mounds at more than 100 sites between AD 1250 and 1450. These were stage-like platforms 2–2.5 meters high on which the Hohokam built rooms to place them in higher and more prominent locations in comparison to other rooms in the surrounding community. Sometimes additional rooms were constructed around the base of the platform mound, and a wall was built at ground level to surround the platform mound and rooms inside a...

On the southern end of the Tonto basin, along the waters of the Salt River, is a peninsula of land known as Schoolhouse Point Mesa, for the small school that once was located there. The structure and arrangement of the community on Schoolhouse Point Mesa reflect the characteristics of five other, nearby communities in the basin that also overlook the Salt River. Like the other four villages nearby, the Schoolhouse Point community grew quickly starting around AD 1250, called the Roosevelt phase...

This volume serves two purposes. It summarizes the subsistence data from the RPMS project and explores what we have learned from the subsistence-related data from the RMPS investigations, as well as the related Roosevelt Rural Sites Study and the Community Development Study. The Roosevelt Platform Mound Study (RMPS) research design was particularly concerned with Classic period sociopolitical organization. Because platform mounds similar to those of the Hohokam were built across the basin...

Platform mounds were built by the prehistoric Salado and Hohokam people of southern Arizona from the 13th through the 15th century A.O., the Classic period. They are basically artificial, flat-topped hills on which the ruling families of the day built their homes. Additional residences and storage rooms were built around the base of a mound, and the whole was enclosed within a compound wall. Each mound was the administrative, ceremonial, and economic center for a small-scale political system,...

This report is the second synthesis volume of the Roosevelt Platform Mound Study (RPMS), a multi-year archaeological research project in Tonto Basin of central Arizona that began in April of 1989. This report examines ceramic types as a means of investigation community and social relationships among and between the ceramic producers and users. Stylistic, mineralogical, and chemical analyses are used to investigate these topics. The RPMS was funded by the Bureau of Reclamation, Department...

Between 1989 and 1993, the Bureau of Reclamation funded four archaeological projects in Tonto Basin of central Arizona, all associated with the modification of the Theodore Roosevelt Dam. The projects were assigned different research objectives and were conducted by separate research teams. The Roosevelt Bajada Survey (RBS) was a sampling survey by SWCA Inc. of portions of the bajada and foothills surrounding Tonto Basin. The Roosevelt Rural Sites Study (RRSS) conducted by Statistical Research...

The Roosevelt Rural Sites Study (RRS) was one of three data recovery mitigative studies that the Bureau of Reclamation funded to investigate the prehistory of the Tonto Basin in the vicinity of Theodore Roosevelt Dam. The series of investigations constituted Reclamation's program for complying with historic preservation legislation as it applied to the raising and modification of Theodore Roosevelt Dam. Reclamation contracted with Statistical Research, Inc. to conduct this study. The RRS was...

The Roosevelt Rural Sites Study (RRS) was one of three data recovery mitigative studies that the Bureau of Reclamation funded to investigate the prehistory of the Tonto Basin in the vicinity of Theodore Roosevelt Dam. The series of investigations constituted Reclamation's program for complying with historic preservation legislation as it applied to the raising and modification of Theodore Roosevelt Dam. Reclamation contracted with Statistical Research, Inc. to conduct this study. The RRS was...

The Roosevelt Rural Sites Study (RRS) was one of three data recovery mitigative studies that the Bureau of Reclamation funded to investigate the prehistory of the Tonto Basin in the vicinity of Theodore Roosevelt Dam. The series of investigations constituted Reclamation's program for complying with historic preservation legislation as it applied to the raising and modification of Theodore Roosevelt Dam. Reclamation contracted with Statistical Research, Inc. to conduct this study. The RRS was...

The Roosevelt Rural Sites Study (RRS) was one of three data recovery mitigative studies that the Bureau of Reclamation funded to investigate the prehistory of the Tonto Basin in the vicinity of Theodore Roosevelt Dam. The series of investigations constituted Reclamation's program for complying with historic preservation legislation as it applied to the raising and modification of Theodore Roosevelt Dam. Reclamation contracted with Statistical Research, Inc. to conduct this study. The RRS was...