Society for American Archaeology 83rd Annual Meeting, Washington, DC (2018)

DOCUMENT Citation Only Julien Hiquet. Julien Sion. Divina Perla-Barrera.

At Naachtun, extensive excavation programs carried out in monumental Group B, a compact set of three large elite clusters of residential compounds located in the site epicenter, and intensive test-pitting programs applied to the residential zones which surround the monumental core, have enabled us to understand the site occupation development during the Classic phases. We identify contraction, dispersal and expansion where and when most households units were occupied. We compare these space-time...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Marion Forest. Elsa Jadot. Aurélie Manin.

Compared to other Postclassic cultures, not much attention has been given to the organization of daily life and domestic space in the Tarascan tradition. The political, religious and economic systems have been the focus of most archaeological and ethno-historical research, leaving the household systems understudied. It is yet critical to understand the fundamental role of household in the community organization, specifically in the context of the growing social and political complexity that led...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Charles Boyd. Donna Boyd. Marta Paulson.

Often perceived as a highly specialized and peripheral subfield of archaeology, forensic archaeology contributes to our understanding of not only forensic anthropology and forensic science, but also traditional archaeological practice. Forensic archaeologists’ extensive knowledge of postmortem taphonomic effects on material objects has led to more precise interpretations of postmortem interval, environmental (including scavenger-induced) scattering and alteration of human remains, and site...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Alexander Nyers. Loren Davis. Danial Bean.

Over the past few years 3D scanning technologies have become a more common tool for archaeologists. These technologies allow for the rapid collection of large datasets that hold the potential to be used not only for display purposes, but also for sophisticated morphological analyses. In order to leverage 3D scan data for anything more than general viewing however, we as archaeologists must become fluent not only in the recording of metadata associated with model creation, but also in evaluating...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Scott Van Keuren.

One of the basic goals of ceramic analysis is to reconstruct the manufacturing process. The sequence of production may be easy to infer but the duration of each step is elusive. For instance, archaeologists have yet to devise a method for estimating how long potters spent painting vessels. In the American Southwest, Ancestral Pueblo potters seem to have invested considerable time in these pursuits. Drawing on ethnoarchaeological scholarship, Pueblo ethnographies, and experimental archaeology, I...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Dorothy Lippert.

The NMNH Repatriation Program is charged under the NMAI Act to use the "best available scientific and historical documentation" to identify the origins of the human remains and objects in its collections. The nature of the museum means that the office can rely on the scholarship of Smithsonian curators for assistance. In addition, copious records in the National Anthropological Archive and in the Smithsonian Archives are present that relate to the collections. However, the records sometimes...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Mary Miller.

One of the distinctive features of one of the principal Maya solar deities, the Jaguar God of the Underworld, is the twisted cord—nicknamed "cruller" for the German doughnut over 100 years ago by Eduard Seler—that loops under the eyes (with their characteristic inward curl for pupils) and twists between them, sometimes ending under the deity’s jaguar ears. This feature, perhaps to be associated with fire and burning, takes up its place on the nose of a different deity, Tlaloc, in Central Mexico,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Alice Yao.

Water plays an undeniable role in the constitution of politics and society, presenting an elemental force to be controlled for the expansion of agrarian economies. The political life line linked with water is perhaps nowhere better illustrated than with the Han Empire whose massive canalization and irrigation works were necessary to facilitate state expansion into deserts and tropics. The archaeological focus on water and agrarian infrastructure has however overlooked other capacities of water,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Elizabeth Currie. Diego Quiroga.

In January 2017, members of the indigenous Salasaca community of the central sierra region of Ecuador discovered a cache of pre-Colombian pottery during ditch construction work which passed through a site of ritual significance. The government organisation responsible for managing antiquities removed the artefacts, promising that archaeological investigations would be carried out in due course. They never were. The cache of artefacts was a strange mixture of authentic ceramic figurines and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Maxine McBrinn. Lenora Tsosie. Joseph Aguilar.

Here, Now and Always (HNA) opened at the Museum of Indian Arts and Culture (MIAC) in Santa Fe, NM in 1997. This permanent exhibition is an introduction to the peoples of the US Southwest and was the first in the US to be curated by an expansive community. It was developed through the participation of more than thirty individuals and with seven core community curators. The community voices dominate the exhibit text and the community curators determined the exhibition message, object selection,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Eve Hargrave. Kristin M. Hedman.

The Upper Mississippian (A.D. 1400-1500) Hoxie Farm site is one of the best documented late prehistoric sites in Cook County, Illinois. In 1953, Elaine Bluhm and David Wenner from the Field Museum of Natural History organized a volunteer crew of professional and avocational archaeologists to salvage portions of the site in advance of construction of the first interstate highway (I-80) in Illinois. In 2000-2003, the Illinois State Archaeological Survey (ISAS) conducted additional excavations at...

DOCUMENT Citation Only William Isbell. Ismael Pérez Calderón.

Huari Urban Prehistory: An Introduction to the Excavations of 2017 From June through mid-August archaeological excavations were conducted at the Patipampa section of Huari, Ayacucho, Peru, where prehistoric constructions are not preserved on the surface. The goal of this first season of excavation was to detect and expose outlines of the built environment in approximately a hectare of space believed to contain primarily residential remains. As spatial organization becomes clear, individual...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Luz Stephanie Rivera. Gianfranco Ciassiano. Ana María Álvarez. David Gárate.

The Hunter-gatherer Phase in Veracruz and Mexico project has studied the Huayacocotla region, located in the state's northern highlands. Until a few years ago the richness of evidence that these archaeological sites contain were unknown and today they make up part of the little we know about the state's earliest people. Here we review the relative chronology and different occupations for the Early Holocene and Middle Archaic sites by interpreting the alteration, refunctionalization and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Helina Woldekiros.

Caravans form an important component of ancient trade routes world-wide. They were lifelines to settlements and connected diverse landscapes. They also encouraged complex transport networks. Our understanding of ancient ways of life along these trade routes is, however, hampered by an incomplete picture of the participants or caravaners themselves. This study uses quantitative and qualitative data from ethnoarchaeological and archaeological research on the Afar salt caravan route in northern...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Eva Peralta. Leandro Luna. Claudia Aranda. Adolfo Gil.

The aim of this presentation is to provide information about human age-at-death profiles in order to understand the environmental/demographic dynamics of pre-Hispanic people from Southern Mendoza. Burials from 20 archaeological sites are included in age-at-death profiles, which are compared to discern regional particularities. This is a transitional area between hunter-gatherers groups and farming populations. The presentation evaluates if the introduction of domesticated resources in the diet...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Ben Potter.

Recent investigations in central Alaska at multiple scales (macro-regional, watershed, site cluster, intrasite) have revealed robust patterning among technological, faunal, and feature datasets. These responses are explored in the context of both regional environmental change associated with climatic oscillations between the Bolling-Allerod, Younger Dryas, and early Holocene chronozones as well as systemic change incorporating more logistical organization, shifts in diet breadth, and changes in...

DOCUMENT Citation Only John Chuchiak IV.

Upon initial contact with the lowland Yucatec Maya, the Europeans discovered that a significant number of Maya slaves existed within the Maya communities that they encountered. War captives, orphans, and forced and enslaved sexual servants from the lower classes, Maya slaves and their possession became by the late Postclassic and early colonial period the major source of wealth and power of the traditional Maya Nobility. Divorced from control over specified traditional patrimonial landholdings...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Francis Lamothe. Karine Taché. Roland Tremblay.

The Laurentians is a region of rolling hills, mountains and lakes occupying a strategic position in the vast hydrographic basin that drains the northern shore of the Saint Lawrence River. Archaeological fieldwork undertaken since 2015 demonstrates the integration of this landscape within interaction networks encompassing several other regions of the greater Northeast at various time periods. Ceramic remains, notably, reveal close links between Alquonquins of the Laurentians and both Hurons to...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Lisa Rogers.

This research explores dynamic relationships between people and materials during the Aurignacian period of Europe, 35,000-27,000 BP. More specifically, a network analysis is used to determine whether there are discernible patterns in the geographic distribution of marine shells used for the creation of beads and pendants. As early inhabitants of Europe moved across the landscape they came into contact with others and left behind material traces of these interactions. Whether these artifacts came...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jago Cooper. Alice Samson.

This paper will review some of the ways in which unprecedented human migration and cultural encounter in the 15th and 16th century Caribbean is reflected in the transformative material exchanges made on Isla de Mona. Discoveries made during recent fieldwork on Isla de Mona will be used to illuminate and inform these thoughts by examining the dynamic ideological setting within which they are situated.

DOCUMENT Citation Only Fernando Franchetti. Miguel Giardina. Loukas Barton. Clara Otaola.

Arid environments (marked by scarce water and heterogeneous resources) constrain human adaptation. In this paper, we explore changes in the use of land in the Diamante Valley, Mendoza province, Argentina, during the Holocene. The principal aim of this exploration is to test the validity of a perceived intensification process in the area of North Patagonia where we conducted a systematic random surface sampling in three ecological zones: the Highlands, the Piedmont and the Lowlands. Within these...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Steven Brandt. Alice Leplongeon. Clément Ménard.

Recent paleoclimate studies indicate rainfall increased dramatically over many parts of northeastern and eastern Africa at the end of MIS 2 and the hyper-arid LGM ~14.7 ka, thereby marking the beginning of MIS 1 and the "African Humid Period" (AHP). These studies also suggest that not only should the "early" AHP be decoupled from the start of the Holocene some 3000 years later, it should also encompass the cooler, more arid Younger Dryas (12.9-11.7 ka). This paper explores two key questions: 1)...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Emily Dylla.

Space was paramount to Spanish missionary work in 18th and 19th century Alta California. This mission system was designed to irreparably reshape the Indigenous conceptual universe into that of a Christo-European worldview, to transform Native peoples into gente de razón. In addition, missions were the setting against which ecclesiastical and military colonists were in constant contact, and missionaries also used space as a moralizing tool, in an attempt to reform the lax morals of soldiers...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Deborah Ruscillo.

From the earliest occurrence of the boar's tusk helmet from Grave Circle B at Mycenae (ca. 1650BCE) to the latest from a sub-Minoan tomb from the North Cemetery at Knossos (ca. 1000BCE) presents a span of 650 years of reverence for this important accessory of Bronze Age warriorhood. Depictions and copies of this helmet in other cultures, including in the Hittite, Egyptian, and even later Roman cultures, demonstrate its pervasive and deeply respected meaning. Helmets of this kind were known to...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Matthew Peros.

Hurricanes are major climatological events with significant impacts in tropical and extra-tropical regions worldwide. Despite this, little research has been undertaken on the effects of hurricanes and other intense storms on prehistoric societies. New evidence from the field of paleotempestology—the study of past hurricane activity using geological proxy techniques, such as lagoon sediments and speleothems—is shedding light on how hurricanes varied over the Holocene in terms of frequency,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Christine France. Haiping Qi.

Hydrogen isotopes in archaeological bone collagen (i.e. δ2H-collagen) are poorly understood, but can potentially facilitate new understanding of the complex relationship between trophic level (i.e. animal protein consumption) and meteoric water controls on hydrogen isotopes in omnivorous humans. These concurrent influences on human δ2H-collagen values were examined in 11 North American archaeological sites. The δ2H-collagen values were compared to bone hydroxyapatite oxygen isotopes (i.e....

DOCUMENT Citation Only Megan LeBlanc.

This presentation addresses the hydrology of agricultural terraces and a spring associated with the Late Intermediate Period (post AD 1200) site of Las Peñas located in the Moquegua Valley of Peru. Positioned 150 meters northwest of Las Peñas, the spring is located at roughly 2,700 meters in elevation and sits at the base of several agricultural terraces. This field system was presumably in production at the time Las Peñas was occupied and is still in use today. Using coring techniques, sediment...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Sean Connaughton.

How does water act as a relational presence when in the field, and how does this relationship inform local Indigenous communities as they look to a future with more authority over their territory and heritage? This paper provides a first look into a Guardian Watchmen program situated on Vancouver Island and explores the ways in which Guardians better understand the social and cultural networks in which they are embedded in both the contemporary world and the places in which the ancestors and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only William Donaruma. Ian Kuijt.

19th century Irish emigrates from coastal settings, including the islands of western Ireland, traveled to America to establish better lives for themselves, their relatives, and their future offspring, often in new and very challenging urban settings. These islanders left their homes, the seascapes that framed their lives, and entered into a new placelessness. To Irish islanders living and working in America, crafts such making fishing nets, provided a point of entry into the emotional...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Linda Gosner.

The landscapes of the Iberian Peninsula were famous in antiquity for their richness in metals, and scholars have long claimed that these metals were a draw for colonial interest in the region from early on. This is especially true following the Roman conquest of Iberia in the late 3rd century BCE, when the scale of mining increased dramatically to accommodate the growing needs of the Roman empire. This was made possible through dramatic shifts in the organization of labor and the technological...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Alexis Ohman. Jennifer Kahn.

ScMo-350 is located on Mo’orea Island, northwest of Tahiti in French Polynesia. Our ichthyoarchaeological analyses assess which fish taxa were utilized by the pre-contact Ma’ohi, and how those taxa may have changed over time. Our diachronic approach investigates fishing activities over a c. 1,000 year period, between AD 900-1800. We broadly divided this beach ridge site into four excavation blocks to aid in spatial analyses of the recovered artifacts. Fish specimens were heavily concentrated in...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Zachary Critchley.

Spear-thrower devices held a role around the world as a primary weapon and tool before slowly falling out of favor in certain areas for other projectile weapons. While it is widely accepted that spear-throwers were used by the people of the ancient central Andes, comparatively little research has gone into the role that they had as weapons of war, hunting tools, and objects of ceremonial reverence. Many Andean societies have rich traditions of art and iconography, often portraying human and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Sarah McClure. Claire Ebert. Emil Podrug. Douglas J. Kennett.

Transhumance is a typical Mediterranean adaptation for securing adequate forage and water for domesticates by seasonally bringing animals to new pasture. However the antiquity of this adaptation is unclear. We present new oxygen isotope data from the Dalmatian coast, Croatia, to test the hypothesis that Neolithic herds were seasonally transhumant. Incremental sampling of ancient animal teeth produced data that are compared with modern isotope data of water showing altitudinal variation to assess...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Robert Morgan.

Wilderness is often interpreted to mean areas of pristine nature lacking evidence of human activity. But how realistic is this view given the length of human occupation where many endeavored to mold the landscape to suit their needs? The Francis Marion National Forest is positioned at the northern end of the Sea Islands Coastal Region of the South Atlantic Slope and contains four designated wilderness areas. Given the size and condition of the two largest wilderness areas the Forest Service...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Spencer Lambert.

The analysis of faunal bones from several Fremont sites have resulted in complications when compared to the Modified General Utility Index (MGUI). In this research, I explore the processing and transportation techniques of Fremont hunters at Wolf Village by comparing skeletal frequencies to the MGUI. Then, I compare these frequencies with results of strontium isotope analysis on small artiodactyl teeth from Wolf Village to determine which species were obtained locally. I also identify the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Meghan Dudley.

Archaeologists working in the Rocky Mountains and throughout the world have long recognized that people invest social meanings into the landscape around them. Based on de Certeau’s (1984) "Spatial Stories," these "socialized landscapes" consist of two archaeologically identifiable components: espaces (practiced spaces) and tours (practiced paths). I operationalize these ideas by creating archaeological expectations for six socialized landscape types and ask what types of socialized landscapes...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Julia Furlong. Jerry R. Galm. Stan Gough.

The Late Paleoindian Sentinel Gap site, located along the Columbia River in central Washington, provides a unique data set of bifaces and projectile points/knives (pp/ks) from a single occupation episode dating to c. 10,200 radiocarbon years BP. In addition to over 60 partial and complete bifaces and 11 pp/ks recovered during excavations, 15 lithic debris accumulations interpreted as debitage "dumps" were excavated. The refitting of flakes from one of these features revealed the original core...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Yijia Qiu. Julie Hoggarth. Claire Ebert. John Walden.

Archaeologists have had a long-standing interest in domestic economy because households are often considered to be the primary social unit of production, consumption, and reproduction in most agrarian societies and occupy an important place in the study of ancient state economies. A relatively novel avenue for exploring broader patterns in the domestic economies of ancient Maya polities involves compositional analysis of ceramics. Variability in the compositional makeup of the ceramics can show...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Elizabeth Sawyer. Katelyn Coughlan. Crystal Ptacek.

During the winter of 2016, archaeologists excavated the interior of Monticello’s South Pavilion in advance of restoration. The South Pavilion’s basement served as the original kitchen until 1808, when it was connected to the main house via the South Dependency Wing and repurposed into a wash house. In order to level the floors between the South Pavilion basement and the new, immediately adjacent wing, Thomas Jefferson’s enslaved laborers used three feet of sediment to raise the basement floor....

DOCUMENT Citation Only Bethany Whitlock. Kevin Lane. Charles French. David Beresford-Jones. Oliver Huaman Oros.

The Late Intermediate Period (LIP) in the highlands of the Central Peruvian Andes was characterized by a marked intensification in economic specialization. In contrast to the preceding periods, in which mixed agro-pastoral groups appear to have dominated highland Peru, many LIP populations seem to have adopted increasingly specialized pastoral or agricultural strategies. This increased economic specialization would likely have fostered inter-group cooperation, as subsistence generally required...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kathryn Frederick.

Recent research in northern lower Michigan systematically tested the ability to identify subterranean food storage features using surface criteria. Subterranean storage features were used during the late Late Woodland period (AD 1200-1600) in parts of the Michigan Inland Waterway. Such cache features prolong the availability of food stuffs and mitigate against the risk of food shortage. This paper discusses the research methodology required for identifying such features. While many are...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Matthew Chastain. Jianli Chen. Xingshan Lei.

Bronze ritual vessels from Shang- and Zhou-period China display a combination of features—complex, three-dimensional forms; exquisitely fine surface detail; and monumental size—that was achieved by casting in multi-part ceramic molds. The ceramic material used to form these casting molds is soft, powdery, and silica rich, making it altogether different from pottery clays in both its physical qualities and its production sequence. Why was such a material chosen? Which specific materials...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Leslie Aragon.

The Hohokam Ballcourt World encompassed much of the middle Gila River watershed from around A.D. 800 to 1100. The widespread ideology that many archaeologists associate with the use of ballcourts correlates with an expression of group identity that manifests itself in the archaeological record as the suite of traits that mark the Hohokam pre-Classic period. Despite the fact that archaeologists commonly define groups based on their material culture, these groups are not static. Parts of identity...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kong Cheong. Linda Howie. Terry Powis.

The Classic Maya crafted a wide variety of music instruments from clay and other materials. Numerous depictions of musicians on vase paintings and murals attest to the important role of music in ceremonial occasions. Music instruments were also interred with the deceased during funerary ceremonies; although their comparative rarity in burials suggests that their inclusion was not a common practice. At the site of Pacbitun, music instruments have been recovered from multiple Classic period...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Christopher Ryan. Rick Bury. Jon Picciuolo. Antoinette Padgett. Dan Reeves.

Although we now have highly technical equipment that allows analyses and observations of rock art in new ways, this should in no way diminish pursuing our personal sense of curiosity, ability to develop hypotheses out of hunches, and test those hypotheses as best we can, to discover layers of significance for a rock art site that no piece of equipment would ever be capable of detecting. One such area of inquiry is consideration of ephemeral, event-based ways rock art interplays with the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Katie Simon. J. Cameron Monroe. Christine Markussen. Clayton Sexton.

Since 2015, the Milot Archaeological Project has conducted a series of archaeological explorations at the Royal Palace of Henry Christophe in the town of Milot in Northern Haiti. This site, called Sans-Souci, was a principal site of political authority in the short-lived Kingdom of Haiti (1811-1820) and is a UNESCO World Heritage site of paramount importance to national development strategies in Haiti. Working with the Institute Sauvegarder du Patrimoine Cultural (Haiti), the Bureau National...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kevin P. Gilmore. Elizabeth Leclerc. Peter Hille. Hiro Kurashina. James Carucci.

Tinian International Airport in the CNMI is a repurposed portion of West Field, a WWII U.S. airbase constructed in 1944 for B-29 operations against Japan. In 2017, HDR conducted a cultural resource inventory for proposed airport infrastructure improvements, focusing on West Field and the adjacent Japanese-built Gurguan Point Airfield. Survey was complicated by dense secondary forest that obscures the two airfields, rendering many features invisible from the air. To assist with mapping these...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Sarah Harris. Moriah McKenna. Anthony Graesch.

Fieldstone concentrations are rarely accorded much significance in historical and archaeological studies of eighteenth and nineteenth century farmsteads in southern New England. This poster highlights research addressing the surface piles of stone remaining in and beyond the abandoned fields of colonial and early American farms. Whereas many have assumed that fieldstone was eventually or meant to be incorporated into the thousands of miles of stone walls that crisscross New England’s...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Walther Maradiegue.

This presentation analyzes late 19th-century photography of Moche pre-Columbian buildings, as a way to inspect the buildings’ incorporation into everyday indigenous lives. I will focus on the work by German scientist Hans Heinrich Brüning (1848-1928). First arrived as an engineer hired by the most important sugar haciendas of the region, Brüning’s interests quickly shifted towards archaeological and ethnographic studies during his stay in the Northern Peruvian Andes between 1875 and 1920. His...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Markus Reindel. Franziska Fecher.

This paper presents a brief overview over past and current trends in non-Maya archaeology of Honduras. From the beginnings of archaeological investigations in Honduras, there has been a strong research focus on the Maya city of Copan in the extreme west of the country. But already in early years, pioneers like William D. Strong, Doris Stone and Claude Baudez made valuable contributions, in order to reveal the hidden history of central Honduras, the Atlantic and the Pacific coast. The lack of...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Terance Winemiller. Virginia Ochoa-Winemiller.

This paper discusses the spatial, typological, and stylistic analyses of obsidian and ceramic artifacts recovered from El Chichicaste and Dos Quebradas, two prehistoric sites in the department of Olancho, Eastern Honduras. Using geographic information systems and 3D laser scanning technology, analyses revealed the extent of trade relationships that these two ancient communities maintained with sites in Mesoamerica and their southern neighbors in Central America. We argue that integration of...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jiawei Huang. Claire Ebert. Jan Oliver Wallgrün. Jaime Awe. Alexander Klippel.

Immersive technologies such as virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR), in combination with low cost yet high quality photogrammetry techniques, are beginning to change the way that archaeologists understand space and place. The availability of affordable immersive technologies is dissolving natural boundaries of space and time, and offering new ways of communications. The maturity of existing software environments such as Unity additionally allows for integrating spatial analysis tools...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Brandon Ritchison.

Following the abandonment of the Middle Savannah River Valley at the end of the 14th century, communities on the neighboring Georgia Coast adopted a new settlement system. At the scale of the region, this appears as a dispersal of settlement and an increase in size of the largest population centers that had previously existed. This paper presents the results of the first systematic intra-community survey of a large site on the Georgia Coast. Results show how residents of the site spatially...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Erica Krueger. Jon Wittig. Michael Savarese. Kylie Palmer. Antonio Arruza.

Recent research has demonstrated that overharvesting of Eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) by Calusa Native Americans was severe enough during the Caloosahatchee cultural period (500 BC–AD 1500) to have influenced the population demography of the shellfishery (Savarese et al., 2016). A shift to smaller individuals without a change in oyster growth rate was documented from the Late Archaic into the Caloosahatchee when Calusa population size increased considerably in the region. Modern oyster...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Andre Costopoulos.

I use agent-based computer simulation to evaluate the impact of regional scale variability in rates of environmental change on residential and logistical mobility. Previous regional case studies and simulation work suggest that high variability in regional rates of environmental change (in shoreline displacement, for example) should favour settlement strategies that reduce residential mobility and rely on logistical mobility. Those strategies should select longer-term residential sites that are...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Francois Richard.

This paper examines the travails of colonial government in Senegal, looking specifically at material histories in the rural region of Siin. One tenet of French colonial policy was to govern through the operation of commerce, specifically through the infrastructure of cash-cropping. If peanut agriculture would, in principle, create both wealth for the colony and ‘African subjects,’ on the ground, peanuts combined with a web of material entities that bent, diverted, or interrupted the flow of...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Angel González López.

The rise of the Aztec Mexica Empire is well represented in the archaeological record,especially through the wide spread evidence of stone sculptures in the main Precinct of the imperial capital. In less two hundred year of history, the island became the principal producer of these artifacts. Its workshops created not only numerically more pieces, butalso monumental pieces and sculptures with complex iconography and new discourses. This paper will discuss the problem of using the term "Aztec" to...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Asa Randall.

"Persistent places"—natural or terraformed locations that draw repeated human action—are unique resources for archaeologists investigating deep-time phenomena. Not only do they allow us to track social and ecological changes anchored in space, the repeated tending to such places set in motion historical path dependencies for descendent communities. However, at the human scale persistence is never a taken for granted, but is produced by the projects of communities who incorporate places into...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Heba Abdelsalam.

Heritage interpretation is one of the best methods for preserving cultural heritage since it assists a neighborhood in having a better understanding of the importance of its museums and historic sites. Lately, the world has witnessed the loss of many such sites in the Middle East. Therefore, the adaptation of the American models of interpretation would be ideal for addressing this problem. This paper provides an example of the use of these methods of interpretation for the preservation of sites...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Robert King.

The 1990 passage of the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) resulted in new responsibilities and challenges for the Bureau of Land Management (BLM). These included working with museums and tribes concerning certain items in museums removed from federal land sometimes more than a century earlier. The BLM in Alaska has been actively involved with NAGPRA work since the early 1990s, and has completed numerous Federal Register Notices and repatriations with more in...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Sophia Kelly. Andrew Landsman. Justin Ebersole.

As a park characterized by a man-made watercourse adjacent to a river, the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park is uniquely situated to address the increasing impacts of climate-related flood events on cultural resources. This analysis presents a preliminary vulnerability matrix for cultural resources on the park, which include historic structures and features, historic and prehistoric archaeological sites, and canal infrastructure. We discuss how hazards posed by flooding affect...

DOCUMENT Citation Only R. Helen Farr.

Marine reconnaissance off the coast of San Pasquale, Calabria in southern Italy revealed a dense offshore terrestrial peat deposit dating to the mid Holocene. Subsequent radiocarbon dating of samples revealed a conflict with regional relative sea level curves and local patterns of terrestrial uplift. As such, initial analysis suggests that these deposits result from a local hyperpycnal flood event and are not subaerial drowned deposits resulting from Holocene coastal evolution and rapid marine...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Aaron Armstrong. Martha Tappen.

Archaeological analyses of faunal remains frequently rely on observations derived from ethnoarchaeological studies to identify bone surface modifications that were the result of animal capture, butchery, and consumption by humans. In addition to the accurate identification of human-derived modifications, ethnoarchaeological studies in which carcass processing and consumption were observed and documented can provide a more precise means to recognizing specific human behavioral choices, such as...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Molly Cannon. Kenneth Cannon. Kenneth Reid. Joel Pederson. Houston Martin.

Deep in the Washington Territory amongst American expansionism, one of the nation’s most devastating conflicts occurred. On the frigid morning of January 29th 1863, the California Volunteers under the command of Patrick Connor attacked the Shoshone village at Bia Ogoi in response to ongoing hostilities between whites and Native groups, resulting in the death of at least 250 Shoshone and 21 soldiers. Over the course of the past 150 years, extensive landscape modification has occurred from both...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Diogo Oliveira. Jeffrey Blomster. Michael D. Glascock.

The nature of the utilization of obsidian throughout Mesoamerica has long been a focus of study and topic of debate for many anthropologists. The history of lithic analysis has produced many assumptions and interpretations regarding exchange, use and control of this extremely important material. Obsidian itself, as an imported resource, might have had otherworldly properties that held a special place in the cosmological construction of the world for villagers in the Valley of Oaxaca. The power...

DOCUMENT Citation Only J. Royce Cox. Eric Blinman. Shelby A. Jones-Cervantes.

The theoretical foundations for archaeomagnetic dating are strong, and we enjoy more than 50 years of experience and practice in the Americas. Abundant independently dated burned sediments have supported the progressive refinement of secular variation (dating) curves as observed in the Southwest, improving the precision and replicability of date range interpretations. However, the performance of archaeomagnetic dating has not lived up to its potential as a source of reliable dating information,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Nathan Klembara.

Amongst many other facets of human life, the practice of burying the dead demarcates and changes a space, it becomes imbued and entwined with the identity of the deceased. The physical act of placing a body into the ground is a place-making practice, a performative act, and, in the process, the place becomes gendered. This has been true since the origins of burial practices in the human lineage, dating to at least the early Upper Paleolithic, and perhaps earlier. This paper is a preliminary...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Ruth Van Dyke.

As Adams significantly argued, there are clear relationships between the configuration of public Pueblo spaces and the nature of Pueblo ceremonialism. In this paper, I build on Adams’ work to explore the relationships among architecture, public spaces, and ceremony at Chaco Canyon. Architectural spaces may be seen not only as functional containers for human activities, but also as resonant participants in affective human experiences. The visual and acoustic properties of public architecture in...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Thomas Pluckhahn. Kendal Jackson. C. Trevor Duke.

Crystal River (8CI1) and Roberts Island (8CI41) are neighboring mound and village complexes on the central Gulf Coast of Florida, occupied mainly sequentially across the first millennium AD. Stratigraphic excavations, coupled with extensive radiocarbon dating, permit relatively fine-grained observations regarding the prevalence of fauna over time. Oyster dominates faunal remains from all periods, but higher relative frequencies of small gastropods are evident in Midden Phases 2 and 4. Sponge...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Anastasia Poulos.

Coastal erosion is impacting Anne Arundel County, Maryland in a way that is extreme and remarkable with a rate of sea level rise nearly twice the global average. Historic properties and archaeological sites are at risk of inundation on the County’s shorelines. Anne Arundel County Trust for Preservation has received a cultural resources hazard mitigation grant through the National Park Service’s Hurricane Sandy Disaster Relief Fund (administered by the Maryland Historical Trust) and is partnering...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Andrew Wyatt.

Gardens are spaces where households grow plants for food, medicine, and beauty. They provide subsistence as well as economic benefits. However, gardens are more than just economically functional. Gardens are also spaces where families interact and children are socialized, gender and status are negotiated, and ancestral memories are maintained. Archaeologically, soil chemistry, archaeobotany, and spatial analysis have enabled us to identify the locations of gardens, but addressing more...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Victor Serrano.

This paper presents initial archival research from the "Archivo General de Puerto Rico" (Puerto Rican General Archives) relating to C19th-20th guano extraction on Mona island in the Caribbean. This is part of a PhD project which examines the lives of guano miners through archaeology and historic archives. Guano as a manure was highly sought as a fertilizer during the nineteenth century for its high contents of nitrogen, phosphate and potassium, nutrients needed for plant growth. It...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Sarah Baitzel. Arturo Rivera.

Since the 1970s, the Sama valley on the far south coast of Peru has been known to house the Inca site of Sama Grande since the excavations of German archaeologist Hermann Trimborn. Situated at the crossroads of the Quapaq Ñan running parallel to the Andean foothills and from the coast to the highlands, Sama Grande was assumed to direct people, animals, and goods across the region during the Late Horizon (14th-15th century AD). In 2017, full-coverage pedestrian survey of the coastal desert plain...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Sarah Sherwood. Jan Simek. Alan Cressler.

This presentation reports on a new rock art site from Kentucky, brought to the authors' attention by local citizens. Inside a large sandstone rockshelter, more than a dozen black pictographs show several anthropomorphic characters. These images bear distinctive features and regalia associated with the "Redhorn Cycle" hero narrative reported by Paul Radin in 1948 from his ethnographic work among the Ho-Chunk. The rock art from this "Morning House" strongly resembles well-known Mississippian...

DOCUMENT Citation Only David Whitley. Tony Quach.

Yokuts ethnography indicates that pictograph sites passed from father to son to grandson within shamanic lineages, suggesting episodic painting at these locations. This practice is archaeologically supported by motif superimpositions and minor stylistic differences at sites. An in-situ pXRF study of red motifs was conducted at site CA-TUL-2871, Springville, CA, in the hopes of analytically distinguishing painting episodes, based on the assumption that chemically dissimilar pigments may have been...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Calogero Santoro. Mauricio Uribe.

Were the Inca aware of the restrictive possibilities for labor and productivity in the extreme arid territories of the Atacama Desert of northern Chile? How did the Inca officials manage to obtain information that enabled them to identify (i) strategic enclaves for farming, installing administrative and political nodes, exploiting and processing ores, and (ii) a selection of conspicuous mountains to place hilltop shrines? Here we discuss the idea that the rapid, extensive, and efficient...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Lidio Valdez.

The south coast of Peru was one of the regions conquered relatively early by the expanding Inca state. Following its incorporation, a series of Inca administrative centers were established, all linked by a branch of the Inca road. Tambo Viejo was established in the Acarí Valley. The south coast was, in general, incorporated peacefully into the imperial system; the administrative control exercised by the Inca state was likely to have been exerted through local authorities. However, Inca control...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Valeria Franco Salvi. Carlos Angiorama.

The aim of this paper is to discuss the results of the research conducted at the Moreta settlement in the Pozuelos (Jujuy, Argentina) where we have detected an extensive agricultural area built by the Incas. A critical reading about agrarian landscapes is fundamental in order to recognize the different strategies that Inca state applied in its conquest and control of the Argentinian Northwest. This region experienced a series of transformations during the second millennium CE; in this sense,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Dennis Ogburn.

Over time, the Incas created varying narratives surrounding the native groups of southern Ecuador, including the Paltas, Cañaris, and coastal groups, such as the Punaes. I examine these narratives through historical accounts from both northern sources and Cusco-centric writers, which serve as our primary sources of information, and compare these to archaeological data, which are mainly limited to the Cañari region. These narratives are the product of the history of Inca interactions from initial...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Ronald Lippi. Alejandra Gudiño. Estanislao Pazmiño. Esteban Acosta.

Survey and excavation data from the western Pichincha cloud forest of northwestern Ecuador have provided tantalizing evidence of an unusual relationship between Incas and the autochthonous Yumbo populations. The monumental pool site of Tulipe, the terraced hill complex of Palmitopamba, and the pucaras of Chacapata and Capillapamba all provide an extraordinary view of the tentative, late expansion of Tawantinsuyo into the sub-Andean jungle of northern Ecuador. After a dozen seasons of excavation...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Viviana Siveroni.

Little research has been conducted in the Nasca region to explicitly improve our understanding of the nature of Inca occupation in the region. A while back, Menzel (1959) noted the lack of local monumental architecture associated to Inca sites in Nasca. In contrast to the Ica valley, surface data from sites in the Nasca area suggest that local populations lacked socio-political complexity and were organized at the level of simple chiefdom structures. Later on Schreiber (1992) suggested that the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Mauricio Uribe.

Los estudios arqueológicos en Chile plantearon la ausencia de una conquista incaica propiamente tal en esta parte del Desierto de Atacama, puesto que sus poblaciones se hallaban insertas dentro de sistemas de complementariedad ecológica preincaicos, cuyas cabeceras o "señoríos" se encontraban en el altiplano del lago Titicaca. Y las que, una vez anexadas al Tawantinsuyo, implicaron un dominio casi automático de las restantes entidades ubicadas en lugares más alejados como las del norte chileno,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Neil Kohanski. Toni Gonzalez. Samantha Lorenz.

Chultunes are ubiquitous throughout the southern Maya lowlands, but their function is still under debate. A central problem in the interpretation of these subterranean features is the paucity of artifacts recovered from within them. Within Chultun 3 at Mul Ch’en Witz, an area located within the larger site of La Milpa in northwestern Belize, several artifacts suggesting ritual activity were encountered. These artifacts include an intact vessel, an incensario, burnt jute, fire-affected limestone,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Trevor Lamb.

The first half of the twentieth century saw the creation of many professional and avocational archaeological institutions in Eastern Massachusetts. These institutions were motivated to both understand the prehistory of the Northeast, and to build large museum collections for comparative and public engagement purposes. The drive to acquire largely intact objects led to the excavation of many graves throughout New England and the Maritime Provinces, but the frequent discovery of graves in Eastern...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Karen Anderson-Cordova.

Scholarly interest utilizing archaeological and ethnohistorical studies to understand the genesis and development of Caribbean creole societies has grown in the last few years. Perspectives have shifted to emphasize the diversity of groups in the Caribbean during precolonial times, and how this continued into the colonial period as Europeans and Africans coalesced in the area. The conflictual aspect of this interaction whereby Europeans imposed a system of forced labor, along with drastic Indian...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Michelle Carpenter.

The interpretations surrounding the first English colony founded in Jamestown, Virginia has developed through analyses of historical documents and excavations of the archaeological record. Continued excavations have provided an analysis of fauna within the colony affected by the diminishing food stores during the starving months of 1609 and 1610. Faunal remains were sampled from two archeological water wells in Jamestown dating to 1607-1610 and the second well from 1650. Based upon the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Madeline Fowler.

Indigenous peoples remain under-represented in maritime archaeology. What strategies are maritime archaeology practitioners using to increase Indigenous participation? This paper introduces the concept of Indigenisation—institutionalised (normative practice) change efforts towards Indigenous inclusion underpinned by principles of recognition and respect for Indigenous peoples, knowledges and cultures—to the discipline of maritime archaeology. Drawing on the Design and Evaluation Framework for...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Chuck Riggs.

Nearly 30 years after the passage of NAGPRA, indigenous perspectives and consultation have led to significant positive changes within the practice of archaeology in the United States. Despite these advances, however, it seems that many archaeologists continue to adhere to the letter of the law while disregarding its spirit, suggesting that the colonial imperatives that gave rise to our discipline remain firmly entrenched. The Eurocentric interpretive frameworks, use of loaded terminology, and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only S. Margaret Spivey-Faulkner.

The typology is one of the archaeologist's oldest analytical tools and it pervades nearly every facet of archaeological research, whether explicitly or implicitly. Using theories of practice, ethnographic evidence of Native American classification systems, and an interdisciplinary understanding of human perception and pattern recognition, this work attempts to deconstruct and reconstruct the typology as a tool of archaeological analysis, with an eye toward creating a newly theorized typology to...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Douglas Armstrong.

The early 17th century settlement of Barbados is often projected as "Little England" and the settlers unidimensional as "Englishmen Transplanted" onto a rather blank slate of an abandoned island (Puckrain 1984, Gragg 2003). Current archaeological investigations of the initial period of colonial settlement on Barbados focusing on Trents Plantation, and the pre-sugar era (1627-1640s) project an all-together different picture. The archaeological and historical record projects a multivalent,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Sonya Atalay.

What are the impacts of the contemporary political climate on community-based research with Indigenous communities? When archaeologists work in partnership with communities what added complexities do they face during a time when accusations of "fake news" are ever-present, conspiracy theories abound, and the science of climate change is questioned. Contrary to the way some have framed indigenous knowledge as being at odds with science, I'll discuss approaches in which community-based research...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Alexander Smith.

The Balearic Islands are the westernmost island group in the Mediterranean. Of the four main islands of the group, Mallorca and Menorca were home to an indigenous Iron Age culture known as the Talayotic people. Their story is considered a minor one by many historians in the grand narrative of Mediterranean domination by Carthage and then Rome. Nevertheless, the archaeology of these two islands has revealed fascinating evidence of the scope and effects of ancient colonialism by these two powers....

DOCUMENT Citation Only Peter Nelson.

Spanish, Mexican and American waves of colonialism in Central California changed the lives of California Indian peoples in very drastic ways. California Indians were removed from their homes, forced to perform labor, and were moved into poor living conditions that contributed to declines in health and the loss of many California Indian lives. The physical removal of California Indians from their homes was also an attempt by Spanish missionaries and soldiers to re-imagine the indigenous world....

DOCUMENT Citation Only Elliot Blair.

The individual as an entity in the past and an object of anthropological and archaeological study has often been debated. In this paper I consider the presence and role of the individual as an actor within colonial contexts. Using the methods of social network analysis, I explore the relationship between groups, individuals, and objects at 17th century Mission Santa Catalina de Guale, a Franciscan mission located on St. Catherines Island, GA. I argue that the methods of social network analysis...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Brooke Creager.

The individual is often overlooked in reconstructions of ritual activity, particularly within constructed spaces, where the repetitious nature of ritual obscures the signature of individual variance. Ritual actions are attributed to a group, or community, even burials are not the action or pure representation of an individual. The identification of the individual within a ritual practice highlights the variance accepted within a culture. In this case study of Early Anglo-Saxon Britain,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Hector Hernandez. Francisco Canseco. Joaquin Venegas.

From the second half of the nineteenth century the Yucatecan henequen industry experienced an extraordinary growth that would result in a "Gilded Age". The most notorious vestiges of this era are the henequen haciendas, which were dispersed across the entire peninsula and whose ruins evoke nostalgia for an era of industrial and commercial splendor. By the end of the century, new developments in communications and construction industries also appeared. Yucatán’s accelerated economic growth, tied...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Gudny Zoega.

In AD 1000 Icelanders adopted Christianity in an apparently swift and embracive fashion. The new tradition was implemented by discrete households that built private churches and cemeteries on their farms. These cemeteries were in use until the beginning of the 12th century and interred were all individuals of the household, men and women, the old and the young, householders and servants. The establishment, management, and abandonment sequences of these cemeteries reflect the religious, social,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kataryna Flowers.

Rural farmstead archaeology is often overlooked in favor of research into larger, urban centers. Rural archaeology is an important area of research because for most of American history, the majority of the population lived in rural settings. In addition, the late-19th and early-20th centuries were periods of rapid change in the American South. Farm modernization and southern urbanization affected people at all levels of the socioeconomic ladder. This poster will display the results of an...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Veronica Perez Rodriguez. Corina Kellner.

We present isotopic results from 25 adults and children from Cerro Jazmín. Bone collagen (n= 17) and bone and enamel apatite (n=21) isotopic data provide C, N, and O values describing diet and breastfeeding patterns. Carbon values suggest a narrow diet heavily based on maize and little animal protein. Individuals between 0-3 years of age had significantly higher nitrogen and oxygen values than adults, suggesting that these infants may have still been breastfeeding at the time of death. Weaning...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jennifer Kennedy. D. Andrew Merriwether.

The Roman/Parthian period (200 BCE - 300 CE) at the site of Tall Šēḫ Ḥamad, Syria existed during a period in the region characterized by political instability and military movement. This "borderland," existing at the extremities of both empires, created a unique sphere of potential interactions both on the individual level and broader scale. A cemetery from this period shows four distinct burial forms (mud-brick graves, earthen graves, amphora graves and clay sarcophagi). In an effort to better...