North America (Geographic Keyword)
351-375 (3,468 Records)
The Battle of the Little Bighorn cost the U.S. army 268 men, which accounted for just over one percent of its entirety. Many of the men were killed during battle by Native American firearms and bow and arrows (Scott et. al, 2002, pg. 12). It is possible that some men perished by their own hand or by friendly fire. Through osteological data provided by the State Historic Preservation Office of Montana as well as historical documentation, this presentation will provide an analysis of gunshot wound...
The Battle of the Wabash and The Battle of Fort Recovery: GIS Data Modeling and Landscape Analysis (2016)
Ball State University’s Department of Anthropology has completed five years of archaeological and historical research at the battlefield of the Battle of the Wabash (1791) and the Battle of Fort Recovery (1794), two significant Northwest Indian War battles that took place in present day Fort Recovery, Ohio. This research was funded by multiple National Park Service American Battlefield Protection Program grants and additional university funding. This poster will present the results of this...
The Battle of the Wabash and The Battle of Fort Recovery: Public Interpretation and Education (2017)
Ball State University’s Department of Anthropology has completed six years of archaeological and historical research at the battlefield of the Battle of the Wabash (1791) and the Battle of Fort Recovery (1794), two significant Northwest Indian War battles that took place in present day Fort Recovery, Ohio. Research was funded by multiple National Park Service American Battlefield Protection Program grants. We present the public interpretation results of this research, specifically the use of: 1)...
The Battlefields Are the Only Thing We Have: Archaeology, Race, and Thanatourism in the Trans-Mississippi South (2017)
Archaeology has a long history with the tourism industry. Thanatourism focuses on sites associated with death and violence, such as battlefields, and conflict archaeology can be a powerful means to connect with the public and aid in the development of war-related sites as tourist draws. For American Civil War sites, thanatourism is a potential boon to depressed rural southern economies and a means to improve preservation and interpretation of archeological sites. Archaeologists can have a...
Battlespace: Battlefield Archaeological Applications of Modern Strategic Training Models (2016)
As conflict archaeologists have developed techniques for documenting where and how battles took place, battlefield research has moved from documentation and description of past warfare to behavioral and experience assessment of those who were involved. To understand the actions of combatants, archaeologists need conceptual tools that can explain the physical record of conflict. Battlespace is a conceptual tool that has the potential to aid in that explanation. As presented in modern military...
The Bay of Storms and Tavern of the Seas: Risk and the Maritime Cultural Landscape of the Harbour at Cape Town (2015)
South Africa’s connection with the sea is most prevalent in its founding harbor, Cape Town. Until the opening of the Suez Canal, the passage by the Cape of Good Hope represented the most important oceanic route to the East. The passage, however, quickly became known for unpredictable storms that devastated shipping in locations such as Table Bay. This paper examines the way the nineteenth century British government managed the risks associated with using Table Bay as a harbor of refuge and how...
Be Polite, Be Professional, But Have A Plan To Not Kill Every Shipwreck You Meet: Fusing Traditional Methods, and Cutting-Edge Geospatial Modeling to Adaptively Manage a Maritime Cultural Landscape Under Siege. (2018)
In the battle to preserve vulnerable historic maritime resources, recovery efforts after the unprecedented devastation of Superstorm Sandy highlighted a desperate need to locate, identify, and catalog the submerged resources of New Jersey. Today, resiliency undertakings, new development projects, plans to address rising sea levels and severe storms, have all encountered maritime archaeological resources. With over 1,600 known historic shipwrecks crowding only 150 miles of Atlantic coastline, and...
Bead Biographies: Exploring the Movement of Glass Beads in Colonial California (2018)
Recent excavations at Mission San José (ca. 1797-1840s) in central California unearthed over 3,000 glass beads. Such items are commonly recovered from Spanish colonial missions and contemporaneous sites on the Pacific Coast of North America, yet they have proven difficult to interpret beyond their assumed role as trade beads. We believe there is great potential for the humble glass bead to serve as the reference point against which to understand the complex social relationships that constituted...
Bead trade in the latter Atlantic world: A case study of 19th century sites in The Gambia, West Africa (2015)
The Gambia River was a frontline of Atlantic trade among European merchants in the Atlantic world, particularly in regards to the exchange of glass beads established to promote commercial interactions with the local population. Though the 19th century marks the decline of the era on the Gambia River, the trends seen in the bead trade highlight the lasting implications of colonial involvements. This paper will address bead assemblages from Juffure, Berefet, and the colonial capital of Banjul...
Beads, Burials, and African Diaspora Archaeology: Documenting a Pattern of Black and White Bead Use within African-American Mortuary Contexts (2018)
African Diaspora Archaeology has its roots in Plantation Archaeology of the 1960s and 1970s. One artifact initially associated with enslaved contexts was the simple blue-glass bead (though other colors were recovered), recognized by some as signifying African-derived culture and beliefs, and by others as a controversial and potentially erroneous stereotype. Simultaneously emerging in the 1970s was the field of historical mortuary archaeology, where graves of African-Americans as well as...
Bears Ears Archaeological Probability Models (2018)
Currently encompassing over 1,300,000 acres, Bears Ears is notable for abundant cultural resources and is in a renewed spotlight following the 2017 recommendation by the Interior Secretary to reduce its acreage. Archaeological probability models were recently developed for lands within the jurisdiction of the Bureau of Land Management, Monticello Field Office, which encompasses the Bears Ears National Monument. Regardless of the outcomes of that process, these models were developed to help land...
Beating the Bounds (2013)
"Beating the bounds" was a typically local but highly symbolic and even quasi-religious ritual or custom originating in medieval England that served to mark the territorial limits of the village or parish. This paper uses material culture, including landscape, to examine how Charles Calvert, the third Lord Baltimore, used everyday travel in Maryland as a colonial form of beating the bounds. Calvert’s travel was driven in part because of the heavy investment his family had made in the colony,...
The Beauty of Artifacts: A Study of Gendered Artifacts on a Student Led Campus Excavation (2015)
Founded in 1827, Lindenwood University was one of the few all-girl colleges of its time and was located on the American Frontier in St. Charles, Missouri. A student-led project on campus is currently analyzing artifacts from an excavation of what is believed to be a trash dump containing items from students and faculty dating back to the mid-19th century. Gendered artifacts, such as cold cream jars, are heavily represented and are a focal point of the project. Using these and other artifacts,...
Bed Load: An Archaeological Investigation of the Sediment Matrix at the H.L. Hunley Site (2016)
The study of site formation processes is an important part of understanding and reconstructing the sequence of events relating to a shipwreck. On 17 February 1864, the Confederate submarine H.L. Hunley sank, after detonating a torpedo below Union blockader USS Housatonic. It came to rest approximately four nautical miles off the coast of Charleston, South Carolina, in less than 10 m of water and was subsequently buried beneath roughly 1 m of sediment. By mapping the distribution of artifacts and...
Bed, Breakfast, and Alcohol: An examination of the Pend d’Oreille Hotel in Sandpoint, Idaho (2016)
Hotels are often overlooked when studying the settlement of the American Frontier, although they played a pivotal role in shaping the West. Frequently doubling as restaurants and taverns for locals and visitors alike hotels were established to accommodate the numerous settlers, travelers, salesmen and others who headed the call "Go West!" One such hotel, the Pend d’Oreille, in Sandpoint, Idaho is an example of an early nineteenth century hotel that offered accommodations, entertainment, food,...
Bedrock Mortars in the Salado Draw Watershed, Lea County, New Mexico (2023)
This report on bedrock mortars (BMs) is a component of an undertaking titled Salado Draw Archaeological Survey, Small-scale Excavation, and Geomorphological Characterization, General Services Administration (GSA) Contract No. GS-10F-0396P. The work was commissioned by the U.S. Bureau of Land Management Carlsbad Field Office (BLM-CFO) as part of research to be carried out under the Permian Basin Programmatic Agreement, Blanket Purchase Agreement (BPA) No. 11, Contract No. L14PA00010. It addresses...
Beech Grove Soldiers Said They Were "Living Fat," And Archaeological Evidence Elaborates (2018)
The Confederate encampment at Beech Grove from December 5, 1861 to January 19, 1862 was under the command of Brig. Gen. Felix Zollicoffer, but came to a rapid halt following the defeat of Confederate forces on January 19, 1862, including the death of Gen. Zollicoffer, in the nearby Battle of Mill Springs, Kentucky. This defeat led to a rapid abandonment of Beech Grove, with many supplies left in place. We carried out unit and trench excavations in early April, 2017 at one earthwork and three...
The Beeswax Wreck Project: The First 10 Years. (2017)
The Beeswax Wreck Project is an all-volunteer, non-profit effort to identify and locate a proto-historic wreck locally known as the Beeswax Wreck of Nehalem, Oregon, USA. The results of the ten-year effort by a multi-disciplinary team are reported, including the identification of the vessel as the Manila galleon 'Santo Cristo de Burgos', lost in 1693. Remote sensing and dive survey efforts to locate hull deposits that could confirm the identity of the vessel will be discussed. Despite the lack...
Before the Emergence of the Modern World (2018)
Historical Archaeology, as properly defined, is the archaeology of the Modern World - plus or minus the last half millennium of human global evolution. Various inception dates have been suggested for the initiation of the processes that produced modernity:1415. 1453, 1481, 1492,1494, 1500, 1550 or even 1946. To fully understand the Modern World and its archaeology, its precursors and roots also need to be recognized. Techological diffusion spheres, interregional trade, continential movements of...
Before The War: A Japanese Family in Downtown San Luis Obispo, California (2018)
In 2016 ESA excavated a ceramic- and bottle-filled privy associated with the Kurokawa family. During the first half of the 20th century, the Kurokawas lived in Dowtown San Luis Obispo where they also operated a vegetable store. During this time they retained strong ties with their homeland. In 1942 the family was forced to give up their home and livelyhood and move to a Japanese internment camp. Artifacts from this deposit give a glimpse into their daily life prior to their internment.
The Beginning of the End - An Economic Impact Analysis on Late 19th-Century Charcoal Production in the Roberts Mountains of Eureka County, Nevada (2018)
During the late 19th-century, mining companies in Eureka, Nevada depended on a steady flow of charcoal to fuel their smelters. This charcoal was produced in the hills and mountain ranges surrounding Eureka by teams of woodcutters, laborers, and charcoal burners also referred to as the Carbonari. As the demand for fuel persisted, land around Eureka was deforested and charcoal production expanded into areas well-away from the smelters. By the mid-1880s the demand for charcoal began decreasing as a...
Behind the Scenes of Hollywood: The Intersectionality of Gender, Whiteness, and Reproductive Health (2017)
In ongoing research at Hollywood Plantation, a 19th century rural plantation in southeastern Arkansas, intersectionality, with its roots in Black feminist theory, plays two roles. It is an analytical tool for uncovering intersecting power relations, such as gender, whiteness, and reproductive health, as they emerged in the late 19th century. As patent medicines were increasingly marketed to women, medicine bottles provide a lens into rural upper class white women’s healing practices and the ways...
Being A 'Good' Girl: Crafting Gender in Indian Residential Schools (2015)
As part of the project of colonialism in North America, churches and missionaries introduced their standards of childhood through the education of Aboriginal peoples. Indian residential schools determined what it meant for Aboriginal girls to become proper women. Western ideals of femininity, modelled behaviour, appearance and clothing, personal possessions, and household goods informed respectability, and Aboriginal girls were taught a Christian home life geared towards removing them from their...
Being Intendant in New France, a Step Forward in a Cursus Honorum? (2015)
To rise through the ranks of "Ancient Régime" society, noblemen were called upon to fill various positions in the colonial administration. Being Intendant in New France might have been challenging and full of issues, but it was also a fast way to better your position. Among the challenges facing the Intendants, one of them was to reflect his wealth and social status necessary for the duty. Since the objective of my master’s thesis is to understand the symbolic importance of material culture as...
Beneath the Parking Lot: Centuries of History at Gloucester Point (2018)
Recent excavations on the campus of the Virginia Institute of Marine Science have shed new light on multiple periods of occupation at Gloucester Point, ranging from Woodland period native communities to the 21st-century development of the area. Working in advance of a large-scale construction project, archaeologists from DATA Investigations uncovered and excavated hundreds of features, providing a detailed glimpse at patterns of early 18th-century Gloucestertown buildings, efforts to clean up...