William Engelbrecht Resources

This M.A. uses post mold density of 3 partially excavated longhouses to estimate their duration of occupation.

This image shows the site topography and the 2 m x 2m excavation units. The outlines of 3 partially excavated longhouses are also shown along with a 5 row palisade in the north.

This table tabulates exhausted cores by unit.

This listing of faunal data by unit was created by Marie Lorraine Pipes.

A report of the Eaton faunal analysis.

Miscellaneous shots of Feature 50. See the excavation report for 1995 for a description of this feature (pp.16-20).

This table tabulates the weight in kilograms of fire altered rock by unit.

Distribution of Genesee Points on Eaton.

A two hole banded slate gorget found in Feature 50 along with Iroquoian materials.

Two grinding stones (metates)

This table contains tabulation of ground stone chopping tools by unit. Tools include axes, adzes, and celts.

Ground stone was tabulated by inferred function, not morphology. Grinding = grinding slabs and handstones (metates and manos) Pounding = hammerstones, mortars, pestles, anvils Chopping = celts, adzes Smoothing/sharpening = whetstones, abraders

This table tabulates ground stone tools used for grinding by unit. This category includes grinding slabs/metates and handstones/manos.

This table tabulates ground stone tools used for pounding. This includes hammerstones, mortars, pestles, and anvils.

This table counts ground stone smoothing tools by unit. These tools include whetstones and abraders.

Two photos: 1) gun flints and 2) their distribution.

A listing of gunflints and lead shot, compiled by Mike Roets.

For a number of summers, members of the Houghton Chapter of the New York State Archaeological Association (NYSAA) worked at Eaton on Saturdays under the direction of Bill Engelbrecht. They did this while the field school was in session, and often the field school finished units that the chapter started. The material from these excavations has been incorporated in the Buffalo State College collection. In the 1960's, the chapter dug south of where the field school dug (1975-2000) and that...

Images of Madison Point refits from the Eaton Site. Numbers 1-56.

This file illustrates Madison point refits numbers 57-114. The numbers correspond to the cases in the Refit Tables.

Selected Madison Points

This table tabulates whole knives by unit. Broken knives are tabulated in a separate table.

GIS Distribution of Lamoka Points.

This paper reports the discovery of late Paleoindian period points at the Eaton site, Erie County, NY. The authors describe three Holocombe style and three Hi-lo style points found in two discreet locations on the site. They briefly discuss how the discovery of these point styles at Eaton impacts arguments for increased localization of point style in the late Paleoindian period in the Great Lakes region.

In 1979, archaeological field school students recovered a small lead object from a 2 m x 2 m excavation unit at the Eaton Site. The object remained in a bag of chert debitage until 1994 when its resemblance to a human incisor was noted. This paper briefly describes the historic components of the site, describes the object, and advances four hypotheses regarding its possible function.

Distribution of Lead Shot on the Eaton Site.

Two aspects of the artifact assemblage at the Eaton Site in Western New York are examined. First, in what way and to what extent did extensive plowing affect the integrity of the site context? The data suggest that some important inferences can be made. This allows for the second discussion, regarding behavioral patterns. Distribution maps of ceramic and lithic cross-mends, along with post mold maps are used to study waste streams at Eaton, with several distinct lines of refuse disposal...

This table describes 114 Madison Point refits (point tips, point mid-sections, point bases). One triple match was made between a point base, a mid-section, and a tip. A mid-section and tip formed a refit, as did 10 mid-sections with 10 bases. One hundred and two point bases were refit with tips.

This image shows Madison points with a damaged base. Damage may be seen in the lower left.

This is possibly an antler hoe. It was hafted and the broad end is worn.

This table tabulates multi-purpose tools by unit. Multi-purpose tools include at least two of the following functions: cutting, scraping, and/or drilling.

This is an inventory of the human remains encountered during excavation. For images of grave goods, see "Eaton Grave Goods," document I.D. 467950. It is in the Collection: Eaton Unique Artifacts.

Rim Sherd Photos

This table tabulates the distribution of notches (spokeshave scrapers). This category includes utilized flakes with a notch exhibiting use wear. These flakes were not tabulated in the Utilized Flake Table. See also "Distribution of Scraper Varieties."

These three photos show the palisade plan (5 rows), some actual post molds, and the relative spacing of the rows using flagging tape. In the latter photo the student is pointing north.

This manuscript compares morphological and distributional differences between endscrapers, flake scrapers and side scrapers at the Eaton site.

Photos of field school students from 1988 to 1993 including two group photos, one from 1981 and one from 1986.

Photos of field school students at the Eaton site from 1995-2000 along with some images of members of the Houghton Chapter of the New York State Archaeological Association, also working at the site.

Misc. photos from 1975. Group photo, front row left to right: James Curran, Dennis Paray, Sam Corallo, Mary Bosseler, Engelbrecht, Jay Cohen. Second Row: ___? Maureen Doohan, Debra Holt, Flora Doraski, Betty Briggs, Rhonda Groell.

Selected Pipe Bowl Fragments: 0002 = E1272, 80N 5E L2 (low grade steatite); 0003 = E1086, 44N 9E, L1 (punctates); 0004 = E782, 8N 22W L1; 0006 = E905, 40N 1W L1 (punctates); 0007 = E5, 4S 18W L1 (faint incisions); 0008 = E1094, 58N 1W L1 (partial face - rotate 90 degrees); 0009 = E366, 8S 19E L2 (part of stem plus bowl); 0010 = E419, 26S 2W, depth = 25 cm.; 0012 = E228, 2N 28W, L2, depth = 22 cm.

This table tabulates pipes and pipe fragments by unit. See "Eaton Pipes" (collection) for illustrations.

This pit feture was located inside a longhouse, along the side, probably under a bunk line. It contained a celt in the bottom, visible in this slide.

This table contains Madison point base counts by unit.

This table tabulates point mid-sections by unit. Point mid-sections that fit with point bases or tips are tabulated here and again in the "Point Refit Table." These mid-sections are believed to be from Madison Points. See also "Distribution of Projectile Points and Projectile Point Fragments."

This table tabulates Madison Points by unit. It does not include refit points - see "Point Refit" table.

This table summarizes point tips by unit. The intention is to include just Madison Point tips, but it is possible that some non-Iroquoian point tips are included.

This report by Linda Scott Cummings and Caitlin A. Clark describes protein residues on 3 chert specimens from Eaton.One specimen did not react to weak antisera, one suggested the processing of both dog and rabbit, and the third suggested processing domestic goat.

This data set describes Madison point refitted bifaces and contains two more columns than the original Point Refit Table. The distance column measures the distance between refits in meters. The Context column records whether the refit is internal (1) or external (2). Internal refits are those within a defined area (i.e. longhouse) or between associated area (i.e. longhouse and associated midden). Internal can also refer to a refit of two pieces from undefined areas.External refers to a refit...

This article argues that Iroquoian endscrapers were used to scrape thick hides like bear, rather than thin hides like deer. For Tables and Figures, contact William Engelbrecht, engelbwe@gmail.com.

Eaton is a multicomponent site located in western New York. The major component consists of an Iroquoian village dating to the mid-sixteenth century. There is a high ratio of expedient lithic tools to debitage in the area of the palisade. We explore possible explanations for this distribution and discuss the implications for the construction and maintenance of a palisade.

Miscellaneous Rim Sherds

This table totals whole scrapers by unit. See also broken scraper table.

This Access table lists attributes of chipped stone scrapers and knives from the Eaton site.

This table totals pottery sherds by unit. The counts include both rim and body sherds. These are not vessel counts.

Contains catalog numbers for 17 field seasons.

Images of rim sherds from southern units on the Eaton site.

This table totals the number of Stage 2 biface preforms (after Callahan 1979) for each unit.

This table totals Stage 2.5 biface preforms for each unit. This biface preform type is intermediate between Callahan's (1979) Stage 2 and Stage 3.

This table totals Stage 3 biface preforms (after Callahan 1979) for each unit.

This table totals Stage 3.5 biface preforms. This stage is intermediate between Callahan's (1979) Stage 3 and Stage 4.

Multiple Views of Stone Pipe Bowl. The material is likely steatite. Three faint converging lines on the bottom resemble a bird's foot print.

Distribution of Susquehanna Broad Points on the Eaton Site.

This table totals tool fragments by unit. The function of the tools of which these fragments are a part could not be determined.

Unfired Clay Object

This is a tabulation of whole endscrapers by unit. See also broken endscrapers.

Images of rim sherds from the Griswold site, 36Er62. One of four documents.

Images and descriptions of rim sherds from the Griswold Site, 36Er62.

Rim sherd images and descriptions from the Griswold site, 36Er62

Description and illustration of rim sherds from the Griswold site, 36Er62.

Images and descriptions of rim sherds from the Griswold site, 36Er62.

Images and descriptions of rim sherds from the Griswold site, 36Er62.

Images and descriptions of rim sherds from the Griswold site, 36Er62.

Images and descriptions of rim sherds from the Griswold site, 36Er62.

Data on some 10,000 New York Iroquois ceramic vessels. William Engelbrecht began collecting ceramic data in 1968 for his Ph.D. dissertation, A Stylistic Analysis of New York Iroquois Pottery, University of Michigan, 1971 (now uploaded to tDAR). Ceramic attributes and ceramic types were recorded from Iroquoian village sites across New York State dating between the 15th and mid-17th centuries. After his dissertation research, Engelbrecht continued to add to these data. At present, over...

This lists the identifying site number, the probable ethnic affiliation (Mohawk, Seneca, etc.) and the sample size. The original coding sheets are curated in the archives of Buffalo State College. Sites with a small sample size are not represented in this project.

This is a data set of ceramics from Adams. Adams is a Seneca Village dating to the latter part of the 16th century.

ceramic data from the Adams Site (Seneca area)

ceramic data from the Adams site with regrouped attributes

.txt file containing data.

ceramic data from the Atwell site (Onondaga area)

ceramic data from the Atwell Site (Onondaga) with regrouped attributes

.txt file

ceramic data from the Bach Site (Oneida)

ceramic data from the Bach Site (Oneida) with regrouped attributes

.txt file

ceramic data from the Barker Site (Mohawk area)

ceramic data from the Barker Site (Mohawk) with regrouped attributes

.txt file

ceramic data from the Barnes Site (Onondaga area)

ceramic data from the Barnes Site (Onondaga) with regrouped attributes

.txt file

ceramic data from the Belcher Site (Seneca area)

ceramic data from the Belcher Site (Seneca) with regrouped attributes

.txt file

Nancy Rayner-Herter, The Niagara Frontier Iroquois, Ph.D., SUNY/Buffalo, Anthropology.

ceramic data from the Buffum Site (multi-component)

ceramic data from the Buffum Site (Niagara Frontier) with regrouped attributes

.txt file

ceramic data from the Burr Site (Jefferson County, NY)

ceramic data from the Buyea Site (Oneida) with regrouped attributes