Early Archaic (Culture Keyword)
Parent: Archaic
1,976-2,000 (2,321 Records)
Observations on Madison point bases from Eaton. Shape (1 = straight, 2 = incurvate, 3 = excurvate, 4 = indeterminate). Width (mm). Ears (none = 0, 1 = yes [1 or 2]). Unifacial (0 = bifacial, 1 = largely unifacial). Symmetry (0 = symmetrical base, 1 = asymmetrical base [not broken], 2 = 1 broken corner, 3 = both corners broken, 4 = can't be determined). Use Wear ( none = 0, yes = 1, [may include grinding]). Basal grinding is listed in comments if use wear not clearly present.
Point Mid-section Summary (2013)
This table tabulates point mid-sections by unit. Point mid-sections that fit with point bases or tips are tabulated here and again in the "Point Refit Table." These mid-sections are believed to be from Madison Points. See also "Distribution of Projectile Points and Projectile Point Fragments."
Point Summary (2013)
This table tabulates Madison Points by unit. It does not include refit points - see "Point Refit" table.
Point Tip Summary (2013)
This table summarizes point tips by unit. The intention is to include just Madison Point tips, but it is possible that some non-Iroquoian point tips are included.
POLLEN ANALYSIS AND CHARCOAL IDENTIFICATION OF SAMPLES FROM SITE 48CR10499, CARBON COUNTY, WYOMING (2017)
Site 48CR10499, located in south-central Wyoming in the eastern portion of the Washakie Basin, is a hunter-gatherer open camp exhibiting evidence of two occupations, including one Early Archaic housepit. Component 2 yielded ten radiocarbon dates ranging from 5720 to 5180 BP, indicating an Opal Phase occupation. Component 1 comprises two distinct open camps dating to 1820 and 1530 BP. Two sediment samples collected from each of the two cultural components were examined for pollen to provide...
POLLEN ANALYSIS AT GOBBLER'S KNOB, 48SU261, NEAR PINEDALE WYOMING (2004)
Site 48SU261 is located in the Green River Basin, south of the town of Pinedale, Wyoming. It is situated within eolian sediments on a low ridge about five miles North of the New Fork River. The site contains an Early Archaic component dated to about 6900 BP and a Late Archaic component dating to 3950 BP. The site consists of two pit features that probably represent occupation structures, one of which contained features within the larger feature, and hearth features outside the presumed...
POLLEN ANALYSIS AT THE DUST DEVIL GORGE MEDICINE WHEEL SITE, 5MF 3687, NORTHWESTERN COLORADO (1999)
This Paleoindian and Early Archaic site, occupied during the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene, contained a medicine wheel. Control pollen samples were collected and examined from four areas supporting different vegetation to establish pollen signatures for these areas that would assist in interpreting the prehistoric record. Four samples were collected beneath rocks of the medicine wheel in an effort to find pollen associated with the Paleoindian occupation and characterize the local...
POLLEN ANALYSIS FOR A SEDIMENT SAMPLE FROM THE PRUITT SHELTER NO.1, 3NW1308, NEWTON COUNTY, ARKANSAS (2018)
Pruitt Shelter No. 1 (3NW1308) is situated along a steep bluff face of the Buffalo River, Newton County, Arkansas. Site 3NW1308 is estimated to have been occupied during the Late Pleistocene or Early Holocene, as well as during the Early Archaic through the Late Mississippian, the latter represented by lithics recovered from the site. A midden that appears to have been deposited between approximately AD 600 and 1600 was sampled for pollen analysis.
POLLEN ANALYSIS FOR ONE SAMPLE FROM THE GOBBLERS KNOW 327 SITE (48SU6933), SUBLETTE COUNTY, WYOMING (2010)
One soil sample from Site 48SU6933, the Gobblers Know 327 site, was submitted for examination of pollen remains. This prehistoric open camp is located in Sublette County, southwestern Wyoming. Radiocarbon dates from two features at this site returned dates of 3660 ± 40 YBP and 5380 ± 40 YBP, indicating occupation of this site during the Pine Spring phase of the Late Archaic period, and the Opal phase of the Early Archaic period (Joni Stainbrook, personal communication, December 6, 2010). Pollen...
POLLEN ANALYSIS FOR THE BLUE POINT SITE (48SW5734), GREEN RIVER BASIN, SOUTHWESTERN WYOMING (2000)
The Blue Point Site (48SW5734) contains a Pleistocene paleosol, an Alberta/Cody occupation, and other Archaic occupations. Radiocarbon ages from cultural features range from 9540 ± 40 BP to 7030 ± 210 BP. Stratigraphic pollen samples were collected from a column that contains deposits below the Pleistocene paleosol, which yielded a radiocarbon age of 12,110 ± 40 BP from bone collagen, well into Stratum II, above an Early Archaic occupation, estimated at 7200- 7300 BP. This stratigraphic...
POLLEN ANALYSIS OF SAMPLES FROM SITE 48SU7579, SUBLETTE COUNTY, WYOMING (2018)
Prehistoric camp site 48SU7579, situated on a northwesterly extending ridge finger, lies at an elevation of 7030 ft overlooking the Alkali Creek drainage valley. Two areas, Blocks A and B, date to the Opal Phase of the Early Archaic. Feature fill was collected from four features for pollen analysis to assess their use and provide paleoenvironmental information. A modern control sample assists with interpretation of prehistoric use.
POLLEN ANALYSIS OF SAMPLES FROM THE SIREN SITE (41WM1126), WILLIAMSON COUNTY, TEXAS. (2011)
Two soil samples representing features from the Siren Site (41WM1126) were submitted for pollen analysis. Recovery of Scallorn arrow points from the sample, combined with a radiocarbon date of 1260-550 cal yr BP from the 2009 survey, indicate a Late Prehistoric I and II Austin Phase occupation. In addition, a Transitional Archaic occupation lies below this level (Steve Carpenter, personal communication, February 14, 2011). Pollen analysis of these samples was undertaken to provide information...
POLLEN ANALYSIS OF SITE 48CR9097, CARBON COUNTY, WYOMING (2017)
Site 48CR9097represents an Early to Late Archaic occupation containing five features and divided into a Prehistoric Camp and Faunal Block. Radiocarbon dates obtained for Feature 1, noted at a depth of 26–34 cmbgs, and Feature 3, recovered at a depth of 53–93 cmbgs are reported as 1800 ± 30 and 5300 ± 30 BP, respectively. Three pollen samples were examined from the Prehistoric Camp block, and two pollen samples were examined from the Faunal Block.
"Pollen and Botanical Identification on Samples From Site 21-WAS-008 (48SW19958), Wyoming" (2021)
Site 48SW19958 (21-WAS-008), situated on a narrow ridge and gentle north slope, overlooks Fillmore Creek to the east and moderately large tributaries of Fillmore Creek to the north and south. This site contained 21 scattered fire hearth features and various artifacts that included faunal bone, projectile points, and debitage. This multi-occupation site returned radiocarbon dates suggesting an estimated seven occupations during the Uinta phase of the Late Prehistoric and one occupation...
POLLEN AND MACROFLORAL ANALYSIS OF HEARTH FILL AT SITE AEC-06-006-01, CARBON COUNTY, WYOMING (2006)
A single fill sample from a hearth at site 06-006-01 in Carbon County, Wyoming, was examined for pollen and macrofloral remains. This hearth was discovered while monitoring a construction project. This feature yielded a radiocarbon age of 8580 ± 60 BP, indicating an Early Archaic occupation of the area. Pollen and macrofloral analysis will be used to provide a description of local vegetation and subsistence information concerning plant resources utilized at this site.
Pollen and Macrofloral Analysis of Sites Along the Trailblazer Pipeline in Southern Wyoming, Appendix C In Archaeological Monitor and Salvage Excavations Along the Trailblazer Pipeline, Southern Wyoming, Volume II: Appendices (1983)
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POLLEN AND STARCH ANALYSIS OF GROUNDSTONE FROM THE CHRYSOPS SITE (48CR9375), CARBON COUNTY, WYOMING (2015)
Site 48CR9375, located in the eastern portion of the Washakie Basin, includes several open-air, hearth-tethered activity areas. Radiocarbon dates of 5850 ± 40 BP, 5350 ± 40 BP, and 5760 ± 40 BP were returned on two hearths and an isolated feature, respectively, indicating occupation at the end of the Great Divide phase and beginning of the Opal phase of the Early Archaic Period. A piece of groundstone recovered from an activity area adjacent to Feature 9, an unlined basin hearth, and a control...
POLLEN AND STARCH ANALYSIS OF SAMPLES FROM SITES 5DA3208 AND 5DA3419, DOUGLAS COUNTY, COLORADO (2018)
Sites 5DA3208 and 5DA3419 are located south of the town of Parker in Douglas County, Colorado. A 2017 excavation of Site 5DA3208 by ERO Resources revealed a multicomponent prehistoric open camp centered on a knoll overlooking Newlin Gulch (Marcus Espinosa, personal communication, November 21, 2018). Based upon identification of associated cultural materials, ERO suggests that Site 5DA3208 was most intensely occupied during the Late Archaic period. Additional evidence for Early Ceramic and Middle...
POLLEN AND STARCH ANALYSIS OF SEDIMENT SAMPLES FROM SITE 48SU3993, SUBLETTE COUNTY, WYOMING (2017)
Site 48SU3993 exhibits three cultural components representing the Great Divide phase of the Early Archaic, the Opal phase of the Early Archaic, and the Pine Spring phase of the Late Archaic. Situated in the northern portion of the Wyoming Basin, this hunter-gatherer open camp represents multiple short-term residential camps. Pollen analysis of the modern surface, three stratigraphic samples, and nine thermal feature samples, as well as starch analysis of the same nine thermal feature samples,...
POLLEN, MACROFLORAL, AND PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS OF SAMPLES FOR THE BEAVER CREEK PIPELINE PROJECT, CENTRAL WYOMING (1993)
This large report discussing and interpreting the pollen and macrofloral records for the Beaver Creek sites 48FR3244, 48ER3245, 48ER3243, 48ER3091, 48ER3092, and 48FR3242 is organized to provide information to many different readers. A review of ethnobotanic literature provides a summary of recorded historic uses for many of the plant types represented in this record. This review is meant to provide a guideline for potential uses of the various plants, not to imply that we can reconstruct the...
POLLEN, PHYTOLITH, MACROFLORAL, AND PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS AT THE BUCKEYE KNOLL SITE, 41VT98, EASTERN TEXAS (2004)
Two separate areas were excavated at the Buckeye Knoll Site, 41VT98, in southeast Texas. Each of these areas had a stratified sequence. The Knoll Top excavation block contained an Early Archaic cemetery, a few hearth features, and midden deposits. Strata in this excavation block represent the late Paleo-Indian to the Late Prehistoric. A milling stone fragment found in the Knoll Top excavation block was washed for both pollen/starches and protein residues, while general fill, hearth fill,...
POLLEN, PHYTOLlTH, AND PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS FOR THE WEST BLENNERHASSETT SITE (46WD83-A), WEST VIRGINIA (2006)
A total of 24 lithic artifacts and 3 pieces of groundstone were submitted from the West Blennerhassett site (46WD83-A) on the West Blennerhassett Island in the Ohio River, northwest West Virginia. Samples were recovered from horizons associated with occupations from the Late Early Archaic (c. 6470-6300 B.C.) through the Terminal Early Archaic-Early Middle Archaic (c. 6210-5430 B.C.). The groundstone were washed to recover pollen, phytoliths, and starches to provide evidence for processing...
POLLEN, PHYTOLlTH, STARCH, AND PROTEIN RESIDUE ANALYSIS OF ARTIFACTS FROM THE GODBEY FIELD SITE, 46WD214, NORTHWEST WEST VIRGINIA (2005)
The Godbey Field Site, 46Wd214, is a multi-component open air site located in Wood County, northwest West Virginia. Five groundstone artifacts dating from the Early Archaic to Middle Woodland periods were examined for pollen, phytoliths, and starches in order to provide information regarding the local environment and plant resources available to the occupants of the site. Additionally, nine lithic artifacts associated with the Early to Middle Archaic periods were tested for possible protein...
POLLEN, STARCH, AND MACROFLORAL ANALYSIS FOR SITES IN THE ASHLEY NATIONAL FOREST, UTAH (2006)
Samples were collected and examined from prehistoric sites 42DA1392, 42DC1859, and 42DC1861 in the Ashley National Forest of northwestern Utah. These sites represent multiple occupations of the area. Radiocarbon dates reflect Early Archaic and Fremont occupations at 42DC1392, with Late Archaic and Fremont occupations at 42DC1859 and 42DC1861. Soil samples from these sites were analyzed for evidence of pollen/starches and macrofloral remains. Charcoal was collected from macrofloral samples...
POLLEN, STARCH, AND MACROFLORAL ANALYSIS OF SAMPLES FROM HEARTH FEATURES AT SITES 5MF6806, 5MF6871, AND 5MF6872, MOFFAT COUNTY, COLORADO (2010)
A total of fourteen samples from hearth features at sites 5MF6871, 5MF6872, and 5MF6806 were examined for pollen, starch, and macrofloral remains. These sites were encountered during well pad construction in Powder Wash, Colorado. Radiocarbon dates suggest Settled Period and Pioneer Period (both Early Archaic) occupations at 5MF6806, Settled Period and Aspen Tradition (Formative Era) occupations at 5MF6871, and Pioneer Period and Aspen Tradition occupations at 5MF6872. Pollen, starch, and...