Europe (Geographic Keyword)
1,001-1,025 (1,158 Records)
In 2001, 3269 unidentified individuals were recovered from a mass grave in Vilnius, Lithuania. Archaeological context indicates that these individuals were likely soldiers that were a part of Napoleon’s Grand Army. Geographical origins of 9 individuals from the mass grave were assessed utilizing stable oxygen isotope (δ18O) values that were extracted from femoral bone apatite. The carbonate oxygen isotope (δ18OVSMOW) compositions (24.5‰ to 26.4‰) suggest that all assayed individuals were...
Stable Isotopes and the Dynamics of Human-Animal Relationships (2016)
A central focus of stable isotope analysis in archaeology has always been to reconstruct human diet, with faunal samples examined primarily to better understand the human data. This paper will challenge this precept and highlight that important information about human-animal relationships can be obtained from isotope studies if the animals are viewed as individuals in their own right, as opposed to mere background data. Using several species as case-studies, this paper will examine how stable...
Stable Isotopic Examination (δ18O, δ15N, δ13C) of Human Remains from the Santa María de Zamartze, Uharte-Arakil Municipality, Navarre Region, Spain (2021)
This is an abstract from the "SAA 2021: General Sessions" session, at the 86th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. An initial subset (n = 5) of the human remains (N = 155) recovered during the 2011 to 2015 excavation seasons from the Santa María de Zamartze church burial grounds were analyzed for stable oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon isotopic values derived from bone and tooth carbonate and collagen. As this site is positioned in close geographic association with a Medieval...
A Stable Isotopic Investigation into Diet and Mobility at the Medieval Cemetery at Sutton Road, Milton, Oxfordshire (2023)
This is an abstract from the "SAA 2023: Individual Abstracts" session, at the 88th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. A stable isotope investigation of diet and mobility was conducted on individuals excavated from the medieval cemetery of Sutton Road, Milton, Oxfordshire. Fifty individuals were excavated from the cemetery, many of whom exhibited evidence for degenerative diseases and trauma. Skeletal analysis also indicates a significantly older population than is common...
Stone Tool Use in Late Prehistoric and Historic Contexts in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (2015)
In part because of their lack of plasticity (compared to ceramics, for example), lithics exhibited relatively little change over long periods of time. This rigidity of form also conferred great benefits on lithics. With some modification, various stones could make extremely useful implements for cutting, scraping, drilling, incising, and abrading, grinding, or crushing various materials, even when compared to tools provided by new technologies. Indeed, both flaked and ground stone tools...
Stonehenge: a Late Neolithic megasite (2017)
Stonehenge is part of a larger complex of Late Neolithic (3000–2450 BC) sites and monuments on Salisbury Plain, including a major settlement complex with monumental timber circles at Durrington Walls. Evidence for occupation from this period covers over 8 square miles. In particular, the Durrington Walls settlement covered 42 acres, built in the same period as Stonehenge’s main stage of construction. This settlement was occupied only for decades, or even just a few years, by people with a...
Stripped Naked, Flayed to the Bone and then Drowned: Settlement Failure in Coastal Scotland in the 14th and 15th Centuries (2015)
Archaeological excavation of medieval settlements in the coastal districts of Scotland has revealed significant evidence of protracted environmental impacts on their material culture exploitation regimes and domestic economies between the later 13th and early 16th centuries. These impacts are represented chiefly by shifts in the marine species being exploited or changes in the levels, species and age profiles of livestock carried on grazing-land, or trends in the suite of cultivars represented,...
Strontium isotope evidence for Late Neolithic mobility in South-Central Portugal (2016)
During the end of the 4th and 3rd millennia BCE (Late Neolithic/Chalcolithic) in South-Central Portugal significant movement of people has been assumed due to the widespread distribution of ‘foreign’ artefacts found at coastal and inland archaeological sites. Counter to this, other archaeological evidence from the region seems to suggest a more sedentary lifestyle among these people at that time. Here we will present human strontium isotope data from three Late Neolithic tombs, namely the...
Structuralism and Myth in Minoan Studies (1984)
This resource is a citation record only, the Center for Digital Antiquity does not have a copy of this document. The information in this record has been migrated into tDAR from the National Archaeological Database Reports Module (NADB-R) and updated. Most NADB-R records consist of a document citation and other metadata but do not have the documents themselves uploaded. If you have a digital copy of the document and would like to have it curated in tDAR, please contact us at comments@tdar.org.
The Study of Castles throughout Europe: Limitations of Multi-Regional Studies (2017)
For much of Europe, castles represent a point of cultural heritage and national pride. Yet, even though the study of castles has long been of interest to scholars, few researchers have moved beyond intraregional analyses to examine interregional trends in the manifestation of these monuments. Traditional archaeological investigations examining cross-cultural differences have been hampered primarily by language barriers and differences in how researchers approach questions pertaining to the...
Study of Obsidian Exchange Networks in Calabria (1979)
This resource is a citation record only, the Center for Digital Antiquity does not have a copy of this document. The information in this record has been migrated into tDAR from the National Archaeological Database Reports Module (NADB-R) and updated. Most NADB-R records consist of a document citation and other metadata but do not have the documents themselves uploaded. If you have a digital copy of the document and would like to have it curated in tDAR, please contact us at comments@tdar.org.
Studying the past with fragments from the fire: student research on an NSF-REU field school (2016)
Significant population increases, the intensification of craft production and new forms of agricultural output characterize a major transition between the18th and 17th century BC on the Great Hungarian Plain. Many archaeologists consider these changes hallmarks of an emerging social class. Yet research from different parts of Eastern Europe suggests that societies were organized in a variety of ways during this regional florescence. This session describes recent investigations into a Bronze Age...
Subsistence and Political Economy: Dairying and Change in Late Prehistoric Ireland (2017)
Cattle played a critical role in the economic and socio-political structure of the Iron Age in Ireland, yet the nature of this relationship is not yet clear. The Irish Iron Age (~500 BC - AD 500) is characterized by scant settlement evidence yet with several large, complex, ceremonial centers. It has been difficult, therefore, to contextualize the nature of social change leading into the Early Medieval Period. The Early Medieval Period (~ AD 500-1100), emerged with a fully-developed dairying...
Subsistence Strategies at a Mseolithic Camp Site: Evidence Form Stable Isotope Analyses of Shells (1986)
This resource is a citation record only, the Center for Digital Antiquity does not have a copy of this document. The information in this record has been migrated into tDAR from the National Archaeological Database Reports Module (NADB-R) and updated. Most NADB-R records consist of a document citation and other metadata but do not have the documents themselves uploaded. If you have a digital copy of the document and would like to have it curated in tDAR, please contact us at comments@tdar.org.
Supper’s ready. Preparing and cooking food in Italian Protohistory (2016)
The paper focuses on some aspects of food production and preparation of meals in the poorly equipped context of the protohistoric village in Italian territory. Some arrangements that have already been observed or reconstructed on archaeological basis, specifically when connected to particular found tools are discussed. With specific reference to the Italian protohistory, research on these items has been sometimes supported by ethnographic comparisons. In this search some already stated...
Supply and Demand in the Neolithic Quarry Production of Northwest Europe (2017)
What factors influenced non-agricultural production in prehistory? This has long been a topic of debate in prehistoric archaeology, because it relates to the question of whether people in prehistoric societies had ‘economic’ motivations and what those might have been. The paper presents the first results of the NEOMINE project, which is analyzing the evidence for stone quarrying and flint-mining and the factors affecting consumption of their products by Neolithic early farming communities in...
Surface Remains: Experimental Work in Calabria (1981)
This resource is a citation record only, the Center for Digital Antiquity does not have a copy of this document. The information in this record has been migrated into tDAR from the National Archaeological Database Reports Module (NADB-R) and updated. Most NADB-R records consist of a document citation and other metadata but do not have the documents themselves uploaded. If you have a digital copy of the document and would like to have it curated in tDAR, please contact us at comments@tdar.org.
Symbolic behavior at the end of the Paleolithic: a view from Cantabrian region rock art (2017)
In the field of graphic activity, the recent Magdalenian (14,500-11,500 BP) is characterized by a homogenizing process along a vast territory in southwestern Europe. It also represents the most splendorous rock art period and, at its end, figurative graphic activity suddenly disappears from Europe for millennia. A representative assemblage of recent Cantabrian Magdalenian rock art sites has been studied. The results of this research led to the discovery of several unpublished figures and...
Symbols of Power at the Time of Shonehenge (1985)
This resource is a citation record only, the Center for Digital Antiquity does not have a copy of this document. The information in this record has been migrated into tDAR from the National Archaeological Database Reports Module (NADB-R) and updated. Most NADB-R records consist of a document citation and other metadata but do not have the documents themselves uploaded. If you have a digital copy of the document and would like to have it curated in tDAR, please contact us at comments@tdar.org.
Synthesizing Results from the 2017–2022 Excavations at Crvena Stijena (2023)
This is an abstract from the "The Late Middle Paleolithic in the Western Balkans: Results from Recent Excavations at Crvena Stijena, Montenegro" session, at the 88th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. The excavations at Crvena Stijena from 2017–2022 have had two main objectives. The first is to test the Sandgathe/Dibble hypothesis that Neanderthals did not have the ability to make fire; rather, they were dependent on natural occurrences of fire. The testable implication...
Systematic Butchery of Small Game at Kephalari Cave (Peloponnese, Greece) (2015)
An ongoing faunal analysis at Kephalari Cave documents a remarkable standardization in the butchery of small game animals during the Upper Paleolithic. The site spans several phases of occupation, including small Middle Paleolithic, early Upper Paleolithic, and Aurignacian components, but the majority of the materials are from the post-Aurignacian Upper Paleolithic, Epigravettian, and late Upper Paleolithic (possibly Mesolithic) periods. Diverse ungulate taxa are found at the site, but the...
The szőlő of wrath: Hungarian vineyards and land use in the 20th century (2016)
Understanding the land use history of an archaeological site is necessary for understanding the contextual state of the archaeological artifacts recovered through systematic excavation. Bronze Age cemetery excavation at Békés 103 in Eastern Hungary presents some challenges, however, because multiple landowners and a long and varied history of land use parcels the site into archaeological deposits of differing and varied degrees of disturbance. Oral history provides an important source about land...
Tactical and Strategic Settlements in the Early Neolithic of Lowland Poland (1979)
This resource is a citation record only, the Center for Digital Antiquity does not have a copy of this document. The information in this record has been migrated into tDAR from the National Archaeological Database Reports Module (NADB-R) and updated. Most NADB-R records consist of a document citation and other metadata but do not have the documents themselves uploaded. If you have a digital copy of the document and would like to have it curated in tDAR, please contact us at comments@tdar.org.
Take shelter! The contributions of rock-shelter archaeology to understanding the socio-economic organization of Final Paleolithic/Mesolithic societies in Western France (2015)
In some areas of France, the first archaeological investigations were conducted in rock-shelters, and allowed archaeologists to establish the Paleolithic chronology. Later, in other regions, and influenced by Leroi-Gourhan’s research, archaeologists focused on open-air sites, using spatial organization to create "paleoethnography." In Western France, even if the first excavation of a Palaeolithic site, in 1874, was that of a rockshelter, later, all the investigations focused on coastal open air...
TAKEN TO TASK AT STAR CARR: INTEGRATING SCIENTIFIC APPROACHES TO ARTEFACTS AND THEIR ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXTS (2015)
New research on micowear and micro-residue traces on flint and organic artefacts from Star Carr is currently underway. Extensive 3D recording of thousands of artefacts spanning several excavation seasons using GIS has provided an excellent high-resolution spatial record. As well as low/high power approaches to microwear analysis, microresidues are being analysed using the contextual approach. Flint tools displaying residues of particular interest are being flagged for more detailed imaging by...