USA (Country) (Geographic Keyword)
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Glues and adhesives have been used since ~200,000 years ago. A significant question about glues and adhesives in prehistoric contexts is exactly what level of holding strength do various blends have. A widely used glue in prehistory is pine pitch; whose ingredients are pine sap, ash, and a binder, such as dried grass. An experiment is presented here to determine how strong variations in concentrations of these ingredients affect holding strength. Six different variations of the glue were used,...
Assessing the Utility of Large Excavators and other Heavy Equipment for Archaeological Excavation (2023)
This is an abstract from the "SAA 2023: Individual Abstracts" session, at the 88th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Archaeologists conducting long-term data recovery excavations at Hohokam sites in western Phoenix, Arizona used a large excavator (track hoe) to remove the plow zone and overburden from above prehistoric features. After extensive analysis, the large excavator proved to be faster, more efficient, more cost effective, and, in the hands of an experienced...
Assessing the Value and Potential of Labor Archaeology: A Description of the Labor Archaeology of the Industrial Era National Historic Landmark Theme Study (2015)
Work and labor relations have been under attack over the last several decades. Many of the same issues and problems confronting workers today were faced by workers in the past. Historical archaeology has the ability to use archaeology to highlight these connections and thus, contribute to the study of labor and the current labor dialogue and struggles. This paper details the latest draft of the Labor Archaeology of the Industrial Era National Historic Landmark Theme Study and its usefulness...
Assessing the Variability and Chronology of Red Linear Style Pictographs of the Lower Pecos Canyonlands of Texas: Final Results (2023)
This is an abstract from the "Interdisciplinary Approaches to Rock Art Documentation, Research, and Analysis" session, at the 88th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. This paper aims to further define the characteristics of Red Linear style (RLS) anthropomorphs and establish its temporal relationship with other regional rock art styles of the Lower Pecos Canyonlands of Texas and Coahuila, Mexico. In 2013, Boyd et al. presented a list of diagnostic attributes for the RLS...
Assessing the Viability of Shallow Geophysical Surveying to Identify Post-Removal Homesteads in Choctaw Nation (2023)
This is an abstract from the "SAA 2023: Individual Abstracts" session, at the 88th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. In 2020, Choctaw Nation Historic Preservation (CNHP) began a project to identify and document Choctaw homesteads in Southeastern Oklahoma. Although these sites are an essential part of Choctaw cultural heritage, the locations of many of these sites remain unknown. To assist CNHP's goals of locating these culturally important sites, a "pilot study" was...
Assessing Typology of Pre-Mazama Corner-Notched Points in the Great Basin (2023)
This is an abstract from the "SAA 2023: Individual Abstracts" session, at the 88th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Some researchers support a “long” chronology for corner-notched points in the northern and eastern Great Basin, with some points dating as old as 8500 cal BP. Other researchers support a “short” chronology and argue that corner-notched points almost exclusively postdate 5000 cal BP. This debate suffers from the use of a variety of typological schemes,...
Assessment and Documentation of Cultural Resources of the Kissimmee Prairie Preserve, State Park, Okeechobee County, Florida (2002)
In 1997 the C.A.R.L. Archaeological Survey began their survey and assessment of the cultural resources on the Kissimmee Prairie State Buffer Preserve. Since this date, several trips have been made to the property that have resulted in the identification and documentation of nineteen archaeological and historical sites on the property. The C.A.R.L. Survey identified sixteen sites, and the Archaeological and Historical Conservancy, Inc. recorded three sites. Although this is a significant number,...
Assessment and Evaluation of Florida’s Citizen-Science Program to Address Climate Change: Heritage Monitoring Scouts of Florida (HMS Florida) (2018)
The Florida Public Archaeology Network (FPAN) launched the citizen science-based Heritage Monitoring Scout (HMS Florida) program statewide during the fall of 2016 in part to assist Florida’s Division of Historical Resources, which currently does not have the budget or policy permissions in place for climate change concerned initiatives. During the first year, 233 volunteers signed up and submitted over 312 monitoring forms from across the state. This paper will provide affordances and...
Assessment of Cultural Resource Studies Conducted at Kirtland Air Force Base, Bernalillo County, New Mexico (1988)
Since 1978 Kirtland Air Force Base and Sandia Laboratories have contracted for thorough on-ground surveys for the identification and evaluation of prehistoric and historic archaeological sites. A total of 13 surveys were completed for 31,281 acres on the Base and Forest Service Withdrawal Lands between 1978 and 1985. On May 7, 1987, Mariah Associates, Inc. was awarded the first of a three-phase contract designed to provide a comprehensive historic preservation plan for Kirtland Air Force Base....
Assessment of Cultural Resource Studies Conducted at Kirtland Air Force Base, Bernalillo County, New Mexico (1988)
Since 1978 Kirtland Air Force Base and Sandia Laboratories have contracted for thorough on-ground surveys for the identification and evaluation of prehistoric and historic archaeological sites. A total of 13 surveys was completed for 31.281 acres on the Base and Forest Service Withdrawal Lands between 1978 and 1985. On May 7, 1987, Mariah Associates, Inc. was awarded the first of a three-phase contract designed to provide a comprehensive historic preservation plan for Kirtland Air Force Base....
An Assessment of Cultural Resources for the Proposed APS Kyrene EHV Transmission Line Project (1980)
At the request of Judith Imhoff of the Environmental Management Department of Arizona Public Service Company, Archaeological Consulting Services (ACS) initiated a cultural resource survey for the proposed 230 kV transmission line extension in the vicinity of the Kyrene Steam Power Plant. Dr. Richard W. Effland and Margerie Green of ACS served as co-principal investigators and field directors for the project. Johna Hutira and Shereen Lerner assisted in the field investigation. The purpose of...
Assessment of Cultural Resources in Red Mountain Freeway (State Route 202) from State Route 87 to US Highway 60, Mesa, Maricopa County, Arizona (1999)
In conjunction with an Environmental Impact Statement analysis being conducted for the Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT) Red Mountain Freeway east of State Route (SR) 87 by ENTRANCO, Archaeological Consulting Services, Ltd. (ACS) performed cultural resource investigations of proposed alternative alignments. To assist the initial alternative selection process, a literature review was prepared for a 55-square-mile area. Survey of undeveloped portions of alternative rights-of-way...
Assessment of Damages to Archaeological Site LA 53672 on Cibola National Forest Withdrawn Lands, Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico (2000)
This report documents joint efforts undertaken by Sandia National Laboratories (SNL), the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), and Escondida Research Group (ERG) to evaluate the extent of mechanical damages to archaeological site LA 53672 (USFS No. AR-03-03-05-358) and to provide suggestions for stabilization of the damaged portions of the site. During the summer of 1999, while preparing to replace some powerline poles in Arroyo del Coyote, a heavy equipment operator inadvertently penetrated and...
Assessment of Damages to Sites AR 03-03-05-221 and AR 03-03-05-218 on Withdrawn Forest Service Lands on Kirtland Air Force Base Addendum to Report AR 90-03-052A (1990)
An addendum to the report AR 90-03-052A assessing the damage to sites AR 03-03-05-221 and AR 03-03-05-218.
The Assessment of Historic Materials Inadvertently Discovered at the Consolidated Communications Facility Construction Site, Cannon Air Force Base, Curry County, New Mexico (2012)
On June 22, 2012 a construction contractor at the Consolidated Communications Facility construction site, Cannon Air Force Base, discovered what appeared to be historic trash in a backhoe trench. Following the discovery, workers stopped all activity at the site, collected and boxed the displaced bottles, and fenced the area to ensure that no additional disturbance would occur at the site until it could be assessed. Cannon Air Force Base officials were immediately notified. This report documents...
An Assessment of Horseshoe Dam Road, Archaeological Resources, Class III Inventory Survey and Evaluation (1990)
Northland Research, Inc. has completed a Class III cultural resource survey of the Horseshoe Dam Road(Forest Road 205). This work was designated as a modification of Task 17 of the Supplemental Surveys of the Regulatory Storage Division, Central Arizona Project, performed under Contract No. 7-CS-30-05750 issued by the U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation.The project area is located entirely on USDA Forest Service administered lands, Tonto National Forest, Gila County, Arizona....
Assessment of lateral edge grinding on hafting performance using experimental Clovis points (2017)
In the 1930s, F. H. H. Roberts proposed that lateral basal grinding was executed on Paleoindian projectile points to limit damage to the lashings that attached them to their shafts. This assumption is logical and widely accepted, but remains empirically untested. Here, we present an experiment that examines the role of lateral basal grinding in replica Clovis projectile points made of Texas chert. We compare via controlled ballistics experiments large samples of points with lateral edge grinding...
An Assessment of Museum Property at Select National Wildlife Refuges for the US Fish and Wildlife Service (2007)
At the request of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, St. Louis District (SLD), conducted an assessment of museum property at select National Wildlife Refuges (NWR) in the states of Alaska, Illinois, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, and North Dakota. SLD identified museum property disciplines at each NWR and provided suggestions and estimates for bringing them into compliance with 36 CFR Part 79 (Curation of Federally-Owned and Administered Archaeological...
Assessment of Potential Archaeological Collections Facility Sites at Eaker Air Force Base, Blytheville, Arkansas (1998)
In 1994, the Arkansas Archaeological Survey (AAS), a unit of the University of Arkansas, contacted the St. Louis District for assistance in evaluating the feasibility of using an existing building on Eaker Air Force Base for the Mississippi Valley Cultural Heritage Center - a proposed central facility devoted to the curation needs of archaeological materials recovered from the region and to their academic and educational use. A St. Louis District architectural feasibility team evaluated five...
Assessment of Potential Archaeological Collections Facility Sites at Edwards Air Force Base (1998)
In 1994, collections buildings at Edwards Air Force Base were evaluated for problems, standard of care and maintenance and management of artifacts and associated documentation; recommendations for resolving the problem; and a cost estimate for the recommended new building. Efforts to resolve the problem posed by the current facility include the evaluation of building 16 as a replacement facility and an evaluation of six sites for the potential construction of a new building. We recommend the...
An Assessment of Potential Curation Facilities at the Hanford Site, Department of Energy (2000)
In March and June 2000, St. Louis District personnel examined ten facilities that are located on the Hanford Nuclear Test Site in order to determine their potential as curation repositories for Hanford Cultural Resources. The facilities examined ranged from abandoned buildings associated with the NIKE missile complex to nuclear research reactors. All buildings would require substantial rehabilitation to comply with existing regulations for the curation and management of cultural resources (36...
An Assessment of Prehistory at Historic Hanna's Town (2017)
Historic Hanna’s Town, a colonial settlement in western Pennsylvania, was founded in 1769 and quickly made history by becoming the first county seat west of the Allegheny Mountains in 1773. In 1775, Hanna’s Town made history again by signing the Hanna’s Town Resolves, stating that they would take action if British tyranny continued. Hanna’s Town soon became embroiled in the Revolutionary War and as a result was attacked and set on fire by the British and Seneca. Hanna’s Town did not recover from...
Assessment of Roadway Features Along Apache Trail (State Route 88) from Milepost 201.00 to 220.18 (2014)
It is the intent of this document to determine which engineering features along the paved portion of the Apache Trail, State Route 88, between mileposts 201.00 and 220.18 should be considered contributing elements to the historic character of the Apache Trail. This section of the road is informally referred to as the “paved portion” because, not surprisingly, it is that portion of the Apache Trail surfaced with asphalt. An assessment of the features along the unpaved portion will be done in a...
An Assessment of the Cocopah Indian Nation Museum as a Potential Repository for Yuma Proving Ground Archaeological Collections (2001)
In January of 2001, St. Louis District personnel evaluated the Cocopah Indian Museum as a potential repository for Department of Defense archaeological collections from U.S. Army Yuma Proving Ground. The evaluation team noted that with some adjustments to the current configuration of the museum and collections storage space and the adoption and Implementation of key collections management policies, the museum should meet or exceed minimal standards set forth in 36 CFR Part 79, Curatlon of...
ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTS OF AN OIL SPILL ON THE DISASTER ARCHAEOLOGY OF LOUISIANA’S GULF COAST (2017)
In April of 2010, the Macondo well blowout and Deepwater Horizon drilling rig explosion led to the discharge of an estimated 4.9 million barrels of crude oil from Mississippi Canyon Block 252 (MC 252) in the north-central Gulf of Mexico. Within three months the Macondo blowout became the largest marine oil spill in history, impacting more than 1,000 miles of shoreline. Disaster response and cleanup were followed by studies of subsequent impacts on coastal and marine ecology, natural resources,...