Europe (Geographic Keyword)
276-300 (1,158 Records)
The increasing availability of large radiocarbon databases encompassing continental geographic scales (e.g. CARD, EUROEVOL, AustArch, etc.) is now opening new possibilities for evaluating spatial variation in prehistoric population. We have, for the first time, the opportunity to determine whether and when different geographic regions experienced distinct demographic patterns using an absolute chronological framework. This line of research is however hindered by spatially uneven sample sizes...
Developing intra- and inter-continental research networks for the study of human adaptations to Lateglacial and early Holocene environmental changes (2016)
Over the last decade our knowledge of human-environment interaction in prehistory has been radically transformed. It has become increasingly apparent that prehistoric humans had to cope with a vast range of different environmental changes that had their own particular temporal and spatial dynamics. These changes ranged from millennial- and continental-scale ecosystem turnover and sea-level rise, to centennial- and hemispheric-scale abrupt climate change events, to extreme events such as tsunamis...
Development and Idea of Neolithic longhouses in Middle Europe (2015)
The earliest longhouses of the first agricultural population in Central Europe appear discontinuously, without continuity with the previous settlement; only indirect information about the residence patterns of the latter is available. This is due to both different settlement strategy of the Mesolithic hunter-gatherer groups, and the state of research. Therefore, only the evolution of Central European Neolithic longhouses can be assessed. Their introduction in Central Europe is supposed to be of...
Developmental stress and disease susceptibility: the association between skeletal indicators of leprosy and other physiological stressors (2015)
Leprosy has long interested bioarchaeologists because of its antiquity and because it can cause skeletal lesions. These lesions are primarily associated with lepromatous leprosy resulting from a minimal cellular immune response. This study tests the hypothesis that early-life developmental stress increases the risk of developing lepromatous leprosy by examining the association between skeletal signs of leprosy and other skeletal stress markers. A combined sample of 126 adults from two Danish...
Deviance in youth: Anomalous nitrogen and carbon isotopic values among individual subadults at Medieval Alytus, Lithuania (2015)
Rapid turnover of bone collagen δ13C and δ15N values in subadults can reveal dietary and physiological changes experienced by illuminating chronic stress not apparent as skeletal, pathological lesions. To assess subadult morbidity and mortality in Medieval Alytus, Lithuania, an osteobiographical examination was undertaken of individuals who presented humeral isotopic values ± 2σ from sample and cohort means (-20.02 ± 0.43‰; 11.09 ± 1.21‰). Four infants (0.1-2.9 years) and four juveniles (5-11.9...
Diasporas and Identities in the Viking Age (2015)
This paper briefly sets out and analyses recent terminological discussions among archaeologists and other scholars working on regions influenced and settled by 'vikings' in the Viking Age, c.800-c.1050CE. 'Diaspora' has, perhaps belatedly, been a term applied to the pattern of social and economic relationships linking some communities across Europe and the North Atlantic. The applicability of the term 'diaspora' or of seeing a series of diasporic communities will be considered alongside the more...
Did the Neolithic Revolution Revolutionize the European Landscape? An Analysis of the Relationship between Climate, Vegetation, and the Arrival of Agro-pastoral Subsistence (2019)
This is an abstract from the "SAA 2019: General Sessions" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Archaeologists have long recognized the spread and adoption of agro-pastoral subsistence in Europe as a transformative economic and social process. While many studies have tied site-specific changes in vegetation communities to the arrival of the Neolithic, very few attempts have been made at synthesizing these data to examine the Neolithic revolution in...
Diet and Dentition on the Black Sea: An examination of dental health and dietary reconstruction at Medieval Mesambria (2017)
Dental health and dietary habits from the Bulgarian town of Mesambria have never been investigated for the medieval period. The town has its roots in Mediterranean culture, however, in the Early Byzantine and Medieval periods in Bulgaria, the Slavic Bulgars were vying for power and territory, and Mesambria became caught between the dying Byzantine Empire and the new Bulgarian state. The Bulgars brought with them a different diet, with a preference for millet, meat, and cheeses over the...
Diet and Health in the Context of Medieval Mortality Crises (WGF - Post PhD Research Grant) (2016)
This resource is an application for the Post PhD Research Grant from the Wenner-Gren Foundation. Crisis mortality, a dramatic but temporary increase in mortality rate above the baseline level resulting from a single extraordinary factor, was an important phenomenon in past human populations and continues to affect living people in ways that might be preventable. One of the most important mortality crises in history was the Black Death; in Europe alone, the epidemic killed tens of millions of...
Diet and slavery in Viking Age Norway – the potential of isotope analyses of human remains in studies of social differences. (2016)
Viking Age Norway was a society structured by clear social differences. Archaeological finds from burials and settlements show a hierarchical distribution of material goods among the Norse, although the distribution of food has traditionally been difficult to trace. In the last few decades, advances in isotope analyses of human remains have made possible a discussion of these aspects, providing information on individual dietary variation. Considering the harsh climate of Scandinavia, the control...
Difference in Archaeology Theory and Practice: the Case of Classical Greece (2015)
The dichotomy between the "dirt" and the "word" has loomed large in the study of the Greek past, in a manner not shared by many other regions. This is true, ironically, for both the historical and prehistoric period. The interplay between the material record with the textual and the iconographic records in Greece is rich and complex, and one that extends across a broad time range. Disjunctions across these different avenues of inquiry are numerous, and often ignored. But it is precisely in these...
Digital Curation Model for the Chora of Metaponto Publication Series (2015)
The Institute of Classical Archaeology and Texas Advanced Computing Center have developed the distributed curation model illustrated in these graphics, associated with the poster presented at the poster session entitled The Afterlife of Archaeological Information: Use and Reuse of Digital Archaeological Data at the SAA 80th Annual Meeting. The "collection architecture" presented here integrates existing cyberinfrastructure resources at the University of Texas at Austin, along with an automated...
Digital Imaging and Rock Art (Relational) Biographies: Reassessing Iberian Late Bronze Age "Warrior" Stelae (2018)
Formal approaches to rock art traditionally focused on meaning and representation. Rock art images and panels were treated as static representations of symbolic frameworks while their materiality and active role in cultural production were overlooked. Rock art is the product of the dynamic interplay between people, tools and the rock surface. The properties of the rock panel have the capacity to shape rock art production as much as the skill and knowledge held by the engraver/painter and the...
Digital on-site presentation of the invisible past (2017)
The aim of the paper is to demonstrate the possibility of broad spectrum of digital methods for presentation of archaeological sites. This approach is extremely valuable in locations where there is neither any preserved construction, nor any relic of the original appearance of the past structures and landscape. Such sites usually meet with indifference both from the public and from institutions involved in preservation of historical monuments. The possibility of creating virtual and augmented...
Digital public archaeology in the UK - a review (2015)
This paper offers an overview of recent and emerging trends in digital public archaeology in the UK. It draws on examples of research and practice in public archaeology by academic, museum, amateur and professional archaeologists engaged in public engagement activities, as well as the emerging field of crowd-sourced and/or crowd-funded public archaeology in which digital public engagement has played a leading role. I take a sceptical view of some of the more extravagant claims made for digital...
The Dimensions of Tektaş Burnu: The Benefits of Computer Generated Modeling in Archaeology (2017)
Tektaş Burnu is a Classical Greek shipwreck from the 5th century BCE which sank off the coast of Tektaş Burnu, Turkey. Excavated between 1999 and 2001, this ship was found to carry a cargo of, pine tar, pottery, kitchen tools and wine in over 200 potentially Erythraen amphorae. The ship itself was consumed by shipworms so the size was determined by the location of the cargo, a pair of marble opthalmoi and lead-filled anchor stocks. This project has taken the findings from this excavation – the...
Ding Dung: Animal Enclosures, Digested Bones and, Where was the Livestock in the Archaeological Site? Evidences from Experimentation and Zooarchaeology from Late Prehistory in the Western Mediterranean (2017)
One of the most intriguing questions in many archaeological sites is to elucidate where the livestock was kept, and which and how many animals were herded. This is particularly compelling in Late Prehistory, when many sites were heavily fortified, and all the space intramuros seemed to be occupied by domestic buildings. Some disciplines, such as micromorphology and palynology, help to answer some of these questions. In this paper, we will provide a perspective from zooarchaeology, which is one...
Direct evidence of milk consumption from ancient human dental calculus (2015)
Humans have exploited animal milk as a food resource for at least 8500 years, but the origins, spread, and scale of prehistoric and historic dairying remain poorly understood. Indirect lines of evidence, such as lipid isotopic ratios of pottery residues, faunal mortality profiles, and LP allele frequencies, imply a complex history of dairying at the level of populations. However, in order to understand how, where, and when humans consumed milk products, it is necessary to link evidence of...
Direkli Cave: Aerial Photography of An Epipaleolithic Site (2015)
UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles), or "drones" as they are commonly referred to, are increasingly common in archaeology. Drones are an emerging technology that can provide low cost tools for aerial photography, regional surveys, site identification, excavation documentation, mapping and 3D photogrammetry. UAVs offer a huge potential for archaeological projects, being able to collect large amounts of high-resolution surface data. They are often cheaper than other aerial photography systems,...
The Diros Project: Multidisciplinary Investigations at Alepotrypa Cave and Ksagounaki Promontory, 2010-2015 (2016)
This paper summarizes the results of multidisplinary research conducted by The Diros Project in Diros Bay on the western Mani Peninsula of the southern Peloponnesos. The project centers around Aleptorypa Cave, a massive cave that was used for burials and other ritual and domestic activities throughout the entire Neolithic period (ca. 6,000-4,000 BC). Under the direction of Dr. Giorgos Papathanassopoulos (Honorary Ephor of Antiquities), The Diros Project was established by a team of international...
Disability, Impairment, and Care: An Analysis of Trauma Patterns from Bezławki, Medieval Prussia (2023)
This is an abstract from the "SAA 2023: Individual Abstracts" session, at the 88th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. The bioarchaeological analysis of trauma in skeletal remains provides insights into the lives and lifestyles of past populations. Conventionally, such analysis has focused on military-aged males, with less attention paid to other demographic groups. The late-medieval cemetery site at Bezławki, Poland, provides an opportunity for a relatively broad analysis...
Discerning Paleolithic Places Rather Than Pleistocene Palimpsests: Olival Grande and the Early Upper Paleolithic in Central Portugal (2019)
This is an abstract from the "SAA 2019: General Sessions" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. The expansive, open-air archaeological site of Olival Grande contains the earliest, well-dated Upper Paleolithic assemblage known from the Rio Maior vicinity. Fabric analysis, sedimentology, and geochemistry studies detail manifold site burial mechanisms, very slow rates of deposition, and significant post-depositional processes at the hillslope site. This...
Discriminating Tastes: Intra-Species Variation in Exploited Fauna at Mycenae, Greece (2016)
This paper demonstrates how integrating isotopic analyses and more traditional zooarchaeological methods can help to bridge the gap between theory and practice. Isotopic ratios from species known to have been purposefully managed establish inter- and intra-taxonomic variation from which management practices may be inferred. These management practices reflect decision making processes enacted by producers and consumers responsible for procuring fauna for occasions of consumption. This paper...
Distinguishing Tooth Marks from Knapping Marks and Assessing Conflicting Interpretations of Modified Bones from the Upper Paleolithic Site of Gough’s Cave (Somerset, UK) (2023)
This is an abstract from the "Animal Resources in Experimental Archaeology" session, at the 88th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Experimental and fossil-based zooarchaeological research attempts to distinguish traces on bones associated with human actions (e.g., butchery marks) from the actions of other faunal agents (e.g., bone gnawing and trampling). Fewer analyses have tried to differentiate gnawing marks from the marks left by hominin activities associated with the...
Distribution of Wild Wheats and Barley (1966)
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