Europe (Geographic Keyword)
326-350 (1,158 Records)
During the 5th and 6th centuries the dead become more visible in the landscapes of eastern Scotland. Elaborate square and circular burial mounds were constructed to commemorate certain members of society, possibly a newly emerging elite. These barrows are often sited along ridges and form grouped, sometimes linear distributions in the landscape. Few have been excavated and most are known through aerial photography alone.This paper presents some of the results from a project that consolidated and...
The Early Neolithic LBK Communities in the Tusznica River Valley. Social Aspects of Settlement Changes (2019)
This is an abstract from the "SAA 2019: General Sessions" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. A group of LBK settlements located in a valley of the Tusznica river is one of the best recognized settlement complexes in Central Europe. Settlements that are a part of it are characterized by a quite differentiated built-up area arrangement and houses changeability over time, which I will interpret referring to social changes. The more complex interpretation...
Early Upper Paleolithic Horse Hunting on the East European Plain (2016)
Between 40,000 and 30,000 cal B.P., small herds of horses were hunted in Europe. Much of the evidence is derived from the central plain of Eastern Europe, including multiple sites at Kostenki-Borshchevo on the Middle Don River (Russia) and Mira on the Lower Dnepr River (southern Ukraine). These sites contain large bone beds analogous to the bison bone beds of the Great Plains, and the analysis of their depositional context and taphonomic characteristics yields information on how horse mare-bands...
Early Upper Paleolithic Man and Late Middle Paleolithic Tools (1971)
This resource is a citation record only, the Center for Digital Antiquity does not have a copy of this document. The information in this record has been migrated into tDAR from the National Archaeological Database Reports Module (NADB-R) and updated. Most NADB-R records consist of a document citation and other metadata but do not have the documents themselves uploaded. If you have a digital copy of the document and would like to have it curated in tDAR, please contact us at comments@tdar.org.
Early Upper Paleolithic: Evidence from Europe and the Neareast (1988)
This resource is a citation record only, the Center for Digital Antiquity does not have a copy of this document. The information in this record has been migrated into tDAR from the National Archaeological Database Reports Module (NADB-R) and updated. Most NADB-R records consist of a document citation and other metadata but do not have the documents themselves uploaded. If you have a digital copy of the document and would like to have it curated in tDAR, please contact us at comments@tdar.org.
Early warning signals of demographic collapse detected in a meta-database of European Neolithic radiocarbon dates (2017)
This study uses statistical tests known as "early warning signals" (EWS) to determine whether declining socio-ecological resilience presaged a pattern of collapse during the Early Neolithic Period in Europe. Our earlier research has shown with a high degree of certainty that radiocarbon-inferred human demography during the Neolithic exhibits a boom-and-bust pattern. In this new study we analyze our meta-database of radiocarbon dates in order to determine whether societies on the verge of major...
The Easter E.g. - Changing Perceptions of Cultural and Biological "Aliens" (2018)
Human immigration and biological invasions are high-profile topics in modern politics but neither are modern phenomena. Migrations of people, animals and ideas were widespread in antiquity and these are frequently incorporated into expressions of cultural identity. However, the more recent the migrations, the more negative modern attitudes are towards them. In general, native is perceived as positive and 'natural', whereas the term 'alien' is attached negatively to cultural and environmental...
Eating like a bird. Millet in Iron Age Italy: Economic, Political or identity choice? (2017)
Recent research reevaluating the evidence for consumption of millet in Archaic and Roman Italy indicates that its role has been underestimated. New findings from Iron Age and Archaic contexts at the Latin settlement of Gabii clearly support a more nuanced and complex situation than the one portrayed by ancient Latin authors and modern scholarship alike. The recovery of significant quantities of millet at Gabii is in sharp contrast with the absence of this crop in similar contexts from Iron Age...
EcoPLis--AdP: Human Occupations in the Pleistocene Ecotones of River Lis - Abrigo do Poço (WGF - Post PhD Research Grant) (2016)
This resource is an application for the Post PhD Research Grant from the Wenner-Gren Foundation. The coarse and dispersed information on the western-most Iberia does not allow a detailed understanding of the human behavior ecology and ecodynamics during the Pleistocene. That problem can only be solved with an innovative project focusing a region rich in multiple resources that is an ecotone between different landscapes and where can be found sites with long sequences and good preservation of...
Effective or not? Success or Failure? Assessing Archaeological Education Programs – The Case of Çatalhöyük (2016)
Recent decades have witnessed an increasing involvement of archaeology projects in planning and carrying out heritage education programs to increase heritage awareness among the public. This paper aims to explore ways in which models of education programmes in Public Archaeology could be more effective in ensuring the protection of heritage sites by examining the one of the worlds longest education program that has been run by Çatalhöyük Research Project in Turkey. It is important to pay...
The Effects of Bilateral Asymmetry in Long Bone Length on Juvenile Age Predictions (2017)
Diaphyseal lengths are routinely used to estimate age in juvenile skeletal remains. However, the effects of bilateral asymmetry in bone growth on the estimation of age have not been properly addressed. This study uses a sample of 26 individuals of known age (birth to 11 years) from the skeletal collection housed at the Natural Museum of Natural History and Science, in Lisbon, Portugal. Diaphyseal length of the humerus, radius, ulna, femur, tibia and fibula, were collected from the right and left...
The Elusive Vasco-Cantabrian Middle Magdalenian: Reflections from Urtiaga Cave, Guipúzcoa, Spain (2017)
The Vasco-Cantabrian Middle Magdalenian (14.3-13.2 ka uncal. BP) remains intangible—known in the region from relatively few archaeological sites and principally defined on the basis of portable art items with Pyrenean origin. Recent research undertaken with collections from Urtiaga cave (Guipúzcoa, Spain) has included two radiocarbon assays of Level E that date to the Middle Magdalenian interval. This level lacks diagnostic portable art items, however, lithic and faunal analyses (conducted by...
The emergence of the Bel'sk settlement complex:landscape, population histories, and social structure (2017)
During the Pontic Iron Age, ca. 700-300 BCE, large fortified settlement complexes that encompass areas between 100 ha and 5,000 ha emerged along the forest-steppe and steppe boundary in Ukraine. At Bel'sk, the largest settlement complex of its kind with three separate settlements were linked by a fortification wall spanning 33 kilometers, delineating a massive urban internal space from its hinterlands. Despite one hundred years of periodic archaeological investigation, much about the Bel'sk...
Emergency of Formal Disposal Areas and the 'Problem' of Megalithic Tombs in Prehistoric Europe. In: the Archaeology of Death (1981)
This resource is a citation record only, the Center for Digital Antiquity does not have a copy of this document. The information in this record has been migrated into tDAR from the National Archaeological Database Reports Module (NADB-R) and updated. Most NADB-R records consist of a document citation and other metadata but do not have the documents themselves uploaded. If you have a digital copy of the document and would like to have it curated in tDAR, please contact us at comments@tdar.org.
Emic Knapping Perspectives and the Analytical Concept of Raw Material Similarity: Building a Contextualized Theory of Lithic Raw Material Selection (2018)
Existing frameworks for analyzing lithic raw material economies insufficiently characterize the complex interface of reduction strategies with local raw material variability. This presentation contextualizes assemblage technological organization from the Middle and Upper Paleolithic of Portugal with occurrence frequencies and size variability in local raw material cobbles. The new analytical concept of similarity differentiates Middle Paleolithic quartz preference within a pattern of overall raw...
An Emotional Challenge: What Can We Infer about Capacities for Social Emotions in Archaic Humans? (2018)
Social emotions are central to human social lives, however whilst there has been much discussion about archaic human cognition in terms of analytical capacities, capacities in terms of social emotions are rarely discussed. A 'null hypothesis' of a lack of pro-social motivations is often assumed to be the most rational scientific perspective on how archaic humans felt towards each other. Over recent years accumulating evidence for complex social relationships in archaic humans argues against this...
The emotive agency of infants and children in early Anglo-Saxon inhumation cemeteries (2016)
Infant and child graves have often received ambiguous interpretation when found in archaeological context. In 2012 a child’s grave was excavated in the sixth century cemetery at Oakington Cambridgeshire. Sometime after deposition its feet were truncated by a large adult grave, however, the child’s bones were repositioned on its legs, an action which impels continuing agency influencing the gravediggers long after the child had died and been buried. Child mortality was high in many past...
Empirical honesty and the ethical role of archaeologists in divided societies (2015)
Negotiating the politics of the present while staying true to the evidence of the past is the central challenge of responsible, ethically-engaged archaeological practice: the line between the archaeologist and the citizen is never clear cut. Questions of moral obligation and the imperative to respect multiple perspectives are of particular resonance when dealing with contested histories in conflict-ridden and post-conflict societies. Archaeology in these contexts carries risks, but also the...
Empirical Validation and Model Selection in Archaeological Simulation (2015)
Empirical validation is a key stage of any model development process and should provide an objective and quantitative account of the model performance. Yet, too often this stage plays a marginal role in the inferential exercise, with many discussions almost exclusively dedicated on the model building process. This paper discusses this neglected aspect of archaeological simulation, distinguishing two approaches drawn from epistemological parallels with statistical modelling. The first utilises...
An empty gut: the recent loss of our microbial symbionts (2016)
The increasing connectedness of global human populations during the Anthropocene has spread microbial pathogens far and wide. Yet at the same time, the human gut microbiome has simplified, leaving industrialised societies with less complex and diverse microbiota, and increased risk for chronic inflammatory disorders. Among the many taxa that have been lost is the bacterial genus Treponema. Treponema are present in the gut microbiota of great apes, present day hunter-gatherers in Africa and South...
Encountering the sacred in the everyday; from prehistory to the present (2015)
A notable feature of the Irish prehistory is the recurrence of activity over long periods of time in specific areas. These persistent places or landscapes are also a feature of the wider world of prehistoric Atlantic Europe. This pattern of human activity has been long debated. Depending on the point of view of the researcher it can be explained for example as indicating foci of long-term settlement, as the repeated but unrelated use of areas improved by human modification in the context of...
Encouraging Open Methods via Data Repositories (2015)
In order to make our research results reproducible we must first of all make our research data available, so that others can re-use them, and test our results. In turn this requires long term digital data preservation and open access to data. Data sets must also be citable via permanent digital identifiers. This paper will discuss the experience of the UK’s Archaeology Data Service in making data available for re-use, and our evidence for such re-use. It will highlight, in particular, the use of...
The end of an Era: the final moments of the Pleistocene-like hunter-gatherer lifeway in the Westernmost Eurasian site of Pena d´Água (Portugal) (2017)
The 8.2 ky cal BP climatic event seem to have had a striking impact in the western coast of the Iberian Peninsula, where the hunter-gatherer populations kept their Pleistocene-like lifeway until (and possibly through) this event, after which emerged the Mesolithic societies. We present a detailed overview of the Epipaleolithic occupation of Pena d’Água Rockshelter (8.19 ky cal BP) as study case of these final moments, focusing the lithic economic patterns, namely the different patterns of...
Engendering the Bioarchaeology of the Viking Age (2017)
The emergence of sexual orientation stigma or "queerphobia" within Christianity has a deep history that can be traced through historical and archaeological sources. Previous researchers in Mesopotamia argued that "queerphobia" did not exist in ancient times, yet biases against non-normative sexual orientations are continuously debated among contemporary theologians. This paper explores how sexual orientation stigma came to exist in modernity, arguing that the emergence of this phobia parallels...
Entering the Viking Age (2017)
Often depicted as a time of local but powerful chieftains, mounted elite warriors and spectacular boat inhumation burials, the Vendel period preceded the Viking Age in Swedish history writing. While contacts with Central Europe and beyond were extensive the societal structure in Scandinavia was still small scale, spread out and built on personal relations. But times were changing and from the mid 8th century several new features evolve: the emergence of town like structures, changes in scale and...