Europe (Geographic Keyword)
1,026-1,050 (1,158 Records)
This resource is a citation record only, the Center for Digital Antiquity does not have a copy of this document. The information in this record has been migrated into tDAR from the National Archaeological Database Reports Module (NADB-R) and updated. Most NADB-R records consist of a document citation and other metadata but do not have the documents themselves uploaded. If you have a digital copy of the document and would like to have it curated in tDAR, please contact us at comments@tdar.org.
A Tale of Two Tells: Variation in Neolithic Nucleated Settlements in Southeastern Europe (2015)
Ongoing investigations by the Körös Regional Archaeological Project at two Hungarian tells located 7 km apart, Szeghalom-Kovácshalom (SzK50) and Vésztő-Mágor (V15), exposed different dimensions and settlement layouts. The 4.25 ha Vésztő-Mágor tell is 9 meters high, while the 0.5 ha Szeghalom-Kovácshalom tell rises 3.5 m above an old Körös River meander. The first settlers at both tells were Middle Neolithic groups (Szakálhát phase 5200 B.C., cal), but their growth and development diverged during...
The Taphonomic Study of Small Fauna Gruta da Nova Columbeira (Portugal) (2015)
This poster presents the results of a taphonomic study of Gruta Nova da Columbeira, a cave site containing at least six separate Middle Paleolithic occupation levels in Vale do Roto, Portugal. The valley contains at least five other caves that have been occupied at different times. Gruta da Nova Columbeira, excavated in 1963, has well-preserved faunal remains rendering it a good site for studying Neanderthal subsistence behaviors. The excavation yielded larger fauna such as red deer, ibex,...
Taphonomy and actualistic studies of carnivores: applications to understanding Sima de los Huesos (Atapuerca) and other Pleistocene sites in Spain. (2015)
The study of carnivore activity on bones is crucial to understand the role of the carnivores in the site formation since some carnivores are able to accumulate bones in cave dens. The studies of the Professor Haynes reveal that actualism is a very useful tool for taphonomic studies, as it allows understanding the behavior of the fauna in the past. In Spain there are several Pleistocene sites with evidences of carnivore activity. The Sima de los Huesos (SH) is site is the largest accumulation of...
Taxonomic and Tissue Specific Dietary Proteins in Pottery Residues (2017)
Ceramic vessels are abundant in the archaeological record as one of the surviving remnants of past food preparation and consumption. Organic residue anaysis has been widely applied to determine the use of ceramic vessels, with approaches typically focussing on the recovery of lipids. Here we present a novel method for extracting dietary proteins from pottery residues using LC-MS/MS and report the detection of tissue-specific dietary proteins down to the species level. Using this approach, we...
Taxtaja thaj Tokmeala: Invisible Chalices and Conspicuous Marriages (WGF - Fejos Postdoctoral Fellowship) (2017)
This resource is an application for the Fejos Postdoctoral Fellowship from the Wenner-Gren Foundation. The Romanian Gypsy population of Cortorari keep to conspicuously arranging their children's marriages despite repeated attempts at national and European level to eradicate the practice. Contrary to folk and policy-makers' representations of Roma marriages as cursory alliances enforced by adults on pubescent children ensuing in premature sexual intercourse, Cortorari experience their...
Teaching History with Digital Historical Games (2019)
This is an abstract from the "From Tomb Raider to Indiana Jones: Pitfalls and Potential Promise of Archaeology in Pop Culture" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Digital games and simulations based on historical themes or settings have been used in school classrooms for more than 50 years, however, still key questions concerning their representational appropriateness, educational effectiveness, and practical implementation remain largely unanswered....
Technical Analysis and Replication of Corinthian Polychrome Slips, 8th - 6th Centuries BCE (2015)
Polychrome slipped and decorated pottery from Corinth, Greece, developed over two centuries from monochrome, dark brown slips and washes on a calcareous yellow clay body to a wide range of decorative techniques. Once significant experimentation with color variability began, five colors were produced. Some slip colors involve multiple-step processing to control glass content and degree of sintering; the control of particle size to produce variable roughness and a matte or semi-matt or glossy...
Techniques, senses and emotions: polishing in the Bronze Age Eastern Mediterranean (2015)
An archaeological object: raw material, volume, form, but also texture, temperature, sensation. It is the intention of the craftsman that we tried to attend, by studying Bronze Age polished objects of the Eastern Mediterranean (Crete, Egypt, Near East; 3000-1000 BC). By applying an interdisciplinary approach that combines ethnography, archaeology and tribology (science of wear, friction and lubrication), we studied traditional stone polishing at Mahabalipuram (India, Tamil Nadu) and Tenos...
A Techno-morphological Analysis of Gravettian Stone Tools from La Grotte Seize and La Ferrassie, Dordogne, France (2016)
The Gravettian cultural sequence has become of greater interest to Paleolithic scholars now that the relationships of previous industries have been sorted out. Our focus here is on Gravettian truncated elements. Morpho-typology suggests that this tool type is a recycled, broken Gravette point. We suggest that truncated elements were deliberately produced tools used as different armatures than Gravette points based on techno-morphological differences. We suggest that truncated elements were part...
Technological adaptation and the emergence of Levallois in Central Europe: new insight from Markkleeberg and Zwockau open-air sites (2016)
The introduction of Levallois method in Europe is considered the technological innovation that marked the beginning of the Middle Paleolithic. In north-central Europe, the early evidences of this new concept of flake production are dated to the late MIS 9/ early MIS 8, a period in which were testified a deterioration of the climatic condition, a change from forested to tundra -cold steppe vegetation and the dispersal of the “Mammuthus - Coelodonta” faunal complex from the artic territories. This...
Technological variability in ceramics of the Neolithic to Early Bronze Age transition at Phaistos, Crete: an integrated approach (2015)
Since the Final Neolithic, Phaistos hosted consumption events leaving deposits of pottery and animal bones, and was a pottery production location from at least the earlier phases of the Early Bronze Age (EBA). A recent re-examination of this important site has produced not only a Neolithic-EBA sequence unrivalled in Crete, but also a deep understanding of the ceramics, tracing change and continuity over this key time of transition, which some have seen as a transformation with an exogenous...
Technological variability of pottery in long-term perspective: a case of the Neolithic settlement at Bylany (Czech Republic) (2016)
The paper presents the development of the technological analysis of pottery at the large Neolithic settlement at Bylany (Czech Republic). The aim of the study is to identify technological chains and interpret the technological variability as materialisation of social networks. Technological variability is studied in relation to the chronological and spatial diversity of the settlement area. The approach is based on visual examination of macroscopic features coupled with validation of the...
The Technology and Trade of Glass in SE Europe: Analysis of 12th-9th c. BC beads from Lofkënd and Methone (2015)
The archaeometric study of glass provides not only an understanding about the technology and manufacture of this material, but can also shed light on aspects of ancient societies such as trade, craft specialization, and cultural connections. The research presented looks to answer questions about glass production and trade in southeastern Europe during the LBA and EIA through the analysis of glass and faience beads from the sites of Lofkënd (southwest Albania) and Methone (northern Greece). This...
Teeth as tools: Paramasticatory dental modifications reflecting habitual behavior in the Danube Gorges, Serbia (9500 - 5500 B.C.) (2015)
Technological knowledge and task-related activities of past populations are known mostly by analyses of material culture remains. Here we use a new line of evidence for reconstructing habitual behavior by investigating paramasticatory use of human teeth. Paramasticatory dental modifications (chipping, notching, occlusal and interproximal grooving) are examined on 89 individuals' dentitions (1308 teeth) from three sites of the Lepenski Vir culture: Vlasac, Lepenski Vir and Padina in the Danube...
Tektaş Burnu: the Process of Rendering a Period-Accurate Model of a Classical Greek Shipwreck (2016)
During the summer of 1996, the Institute of Nautical Archaeology (INA) discovered a shipwreck off the coast at Tektaş Burnu, Turkey. This shipwreck, now known as Tektaş Burnu, is a classical Greek ship from the 5th century BCE and was excavated between 1999-2001. The ship was found to carry a cargo of wine in approximately 200 amphorae which may have been made at nearby Erythrae, pine tar, pottery, and other amphorae. The ship remains include a pair of marble opthalmoi and lead-filled anchor...
Temple, Tavern, and Table: Zooarchaeology at the Area Sacra di Sant'Omobono from the 7th century BCE to the 13th century CE (2015)
The Area Sacra di Sant’Omobono in Rome, situated on the banks of the Tiber River at the base of Capitoline Hill, contains evidence of Rome’s people from the earliest inhabitants to modern day. This research utilizes zooarchaeological analysis to investigate how the space was used in three time periods: Archaic, late Roman, and Medieval. The diachronic analysis of the faunal remains reflects the range of uses at the site during its occupation and highlights the integration of quotidian...
Temporal and Spatial Liminality in Early Bronze Age Central Europe: A Bioarchaeological Analysis of a Mierzanowice Culture Cemetery (2016)
The cemetery at Szarbia in southeastern Poland is a Mierzanowice culture cemetery, from which 45 individuals have been excavated. The skeletal remains from this site had yet to be examined or published prior to this study. The Mierzanowice culture conforms to the “Borderlands” theme well in terms of its many modes of liminality. It is temporally liminal in that it is an Early Bronze Age culture, transitional between Late Neolithic and Bronze Age paradigms. It is culturally liminal in that modes...
Testing Social and Ecological Drivers for the Initial Spread of Agriculture on the Iberian Peninsula (2017)
Much initial research into the arrival and dissemination of agriculture in Europe has focused on identifying the speed and direction of the arrival of Neolithic subsistence. More recent work has begun to examine the chronological and spatial patterning of the spread of agriculture with the goal of identifying important sociological or environmental factors that affected the timing and location of agricultural settlement. In this context, agent-based computational modeling is emerging as a...
Testing the Danube-Corridor-Hypothesis—New Results from Chonometric Modelling of the Middle-Upper Palaeolithic Biocultural Shift (2019)
This is an abstract from the "SAA 2019: General Sessions" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. The Middle to Upper Palaeolithic biocultural shift is an important turning point for Human Evolution. As Anatomically Modern Humans (AMH) enter Europe, Neanderthals disappear, eventually leaving AMH as the only representative of their species. To understand the trajectory of AMH dispersal, and the processes underlying this biocultural shift, a robust...
"That Box is Haunted!": English Paranormal Investigating and the Immateriality of the Past (2017)
Since the late 1990s, paranormal investigating has emerged as a popular means of seeking knowledge of the ghostly or paranormal in England. Paranormal investigators are self-fashioned experts who aim to balance scientistic and spiritual perspectives in hopes of proving or disproving the existence of ghosts from an objective perspective. They dedicate significant amounts of their leisure time to reading about, talking about, and researching ghosts or the paranormal. English paranormal...
Theoretical and Practical Advances in Underwater Regional Survey (2015)
To contend with expensive and invasive ‘big dig’ excavations, archaeologists have trended towards using regional surveys to examine and interpret distribution patterns across a given area. Regional surveys offer an effective and efficient way of analyzing the long-term use and wide scale development of variably occupied spaces. With the introduction of Geographic Information Systems and other new technologies, archaeologists have been able to capitalize on the insights gained from statistical...
Theoretical Directions in European Archaeology (1985)
This resource is a citation record only, the Center for Digital Antiquity does not have a copy of this document. The information in this record has been migrated into tDAR from the National Archaeological Database Reports Module (NADB-R) and updated. Most NADB-R records consist of a document citation and other metadata but do not have the documents themselves uploaded. If you have a digital copy of the document and would like to have it curated in tDAR, please contact us at comments@tdar.org.
Theoretically informed isotope analysis: human-animal relationships at Fishbourne Roman Palace (2017)
Stable isotope studies have become common-place in archaeological investigations of human diet and mobility, often underpinned by small comparative studies of associated animal remains which are generally utilised as baseline data. However, the value of moving beyond such anthropocentric studies and of analysing animals in their own right is becoming increasingly recognised. Detailed research on animal diet and mobility is enhancing our understanding of animal management and patterns of...
These stones will destroy us (2015)
This poster presents a critical reflection on the dialectical and power-imbued relationships of archaeologists and stakeholder communities, focusing on the ongoing Stélida Naxos Archaeological Project in the Cycladic islands, Greece. While much has been written about archaeologists’ interaction with neighboring populations, Stélida provides a complex case due to the transitory and heterogeneous nature of what constitutes its "local" community. Residence is both seasonal (summer) and fluid in...