Belize (Country) (Geographic Keyword)
1,776-1,800 (4,066 Records)
Since 2015, the Milot Archaeological Project has conducted a series of archaeological explorations at the Royal Palace of Henry Christophe in the town of Milot in Northern Haiti. This site, called Sans-Souci, was a principal site of political authority in the short-lived Kingdom of Haiti (1811-1820) and is a UNESCO World Heritage site of paramount importance to national development strategies in Haiti. Working with the Institute Sauvegarder du Patrimoine Cultural (Haiti), the Bureau National...
Illuminating the Obscure: Using Legacy LiDAR Data to Define and Interpret a WWII Airfield on the Island of Tinian, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) (2018)
Tinian International Airport in the CNMI is a repurposed portion of West Field, a WWII U.S. airbase constructed in 1944 for B-29 operations against Japan. In 2017, HDR conducted a cultural resource inventory for proposed airport infrastructure improvements, focusing on West Field and the adjacent Japanese-built Gurguan Point Airfield. Survey was complicated by dense secondary forest that obscures the two airfields, rendering many features invisible from the air. To assist with mapping these...
Images of Race in the Colonies: The Material Culture of Food, Foodways, and Early Twentieth-Century American Imperialism (2023)
This is an abstract from the "SAA 2023: Individual Abstracts" session, at the 88th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. The use of popular images containing people of color in colonial settings serve as a useful tool for archaeologists using widely circulated images like advertising for explaining or enhancing discussions regarding racial and social differences found in the historical record. However, as more than a supplement to archaeological discussion, these images can...
Imagined Forests: Woodlands and Wood Resources in Medieval Icelandic Literary, Documentary and Archaeological Sources (2019)
This is an abstract from the "SANNA v2.2: Case Studies in the Social Archaeology of the North and North Atlantic" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Medieval literary sources describe the Icelandic landscape when the first settlers arrived as ‘forested from the mountains to the shores’. It had previously been thought that the island was rapidly deforested after settlement, but recent research gives a much more nuanced picture of woodland history. It...
Imagining Kotið: Artistic Visualization as Archaeological Practice (2024)
This is an abstract from the "Small Dwellings on the Viking Frontier: New Research from Kotið, North Iceland" session, at the 89th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. This poster offers an artistic visualization of the Viking Age dwelling at Kotið, North Iceland. Based on geospatial data and photogrammetry collected in 2022 and 2023, the rendering demonstrates how this structure differs from previously excavated turf dwellings in Viking Age Iceland. Its small size,...
The Imbalanced Archaeology of Honduras: Challenges and Potentials (2018)
This paper presents a brief overview over past and current trends in non-Maya archaeology of Honduras. From the beginnings of archaeological investigations in Honduras, there has been a strong research focus on the Maya city of Copan in the extreme west of the country. But already in early years, pioneers like William D. Strong, Doris Stone and Claude Baudez made valuable contributions, in order to reveal the hidden history of central Honduras, the Atlantic and the Pacific coast. The lack of...
Immersive Augmented and Virtual Reality for Archeological Sites Exploration and Analysis (2018)
Immersive technologies such as virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR), in combination with low cost yet high quality photogrammetry techniques, are beginning to change the way that archaeologists understand space and place. The availability of affordable immersive technologies is dissolving natural boundaries of space and time, and offering new ways of communications. The maturity of existing software environments such as Unity additionally allows for integrating spatial analysis tools...
Impact Notches on Megafaunal Limb Bones: Hammerstone Versus Carnivore Tooth Notch Shapes on Samples of Experimental, Paleontological, and Archaeological Bones (2024)
This is an abstract from the "SAA 2024: Individual Abstracts" session, at the 89th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Impact notches on megafaunal limb bones can be diagnostic of marrow extraction and tool blank production behavior by hominins. Notch shape statistics have been applied to impact-fractured megafaunal limb bones from Old World Paleolithic sites to demonstrate hominin technology that begins 2.6 mya in Africa. We compare data from experimental cow femora...
The Impact of an Emergent Maya Polity on the Domestic Lithic Economy: A Perspective from the Hinterlands of Lower Dover, Belize (2019)
This is an abstract from the "SAA 2019: General Sessions" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Lithic tool production and use offers a way to understand domestic activities and how they developed in relation to broader socio-political changes. The Late Classic (AD 600-900) Maya polity of Lower Dover, Belize emerged in the midst of a densely occupied landscape, and this transition saw the incorporation of three autonomous communities – Tutu Uitz Na,...
The Impact of Belizean Archaeological Participation on Aspects of Cultural Identity and Cultural Heritage (2024)
This is an abstract from the "SAA 2024: Individual Abstracts" session, at the 89th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Belize is a country rich in archaeological resources including Paleoindian, Archaic, the Ancient Maya, and colonial. Belize has been and continues to be the focus of archaeological research, largely conducted by foreign researchers that help facilitate archaeological field schools training primarily American, Canadian, and English students. While many...
The Impact of Climate Dynamics and Cultural Change on the Demography and Population Structure of Pre-Columbian Populations in the Atacama (2017)
Archaeological studies in the Central Andes have pointed at the temporal coincidence of climatic fluctuations and episodes of cultural transition throughout the pre-Columbian period. Although most scholars explain the connection between environmental and cultural changes by the impact of climatic alterations on the capacities of the ecosystems inhabited by pre-Columbian cultures, direct evidence for assumed demographic consequences has been missing so far. Desert margin areas, as we find them at...
The Impact of Fishing and Transportation Technologies on Nineteenth-Century Fisheries and Fish Supply in New Orleans, Louisiana (2024)
This is an abstract from the "*SE New Orleans and Its Environs: Historical Archaeology and Environmental Precarity" session, at the 89th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. This paper examines fish supply in late nineteenth-century New Orleans to understand how new fishing and transportation technologies transformed fish trade networks in the Gulf of Mexico and beyond. Previous research has demonstrated temporal and geographic shifts in the city’s fish supply, and we...
The Impact of Settlement Patterns on Health and Diet: Differences in Skeletal Pathologies and Stable Isotope Values at La Corona and El Perú-Waka’, Guatemala (2023)
This is an abstract from the "SAA 2023: Individual Abstracts" session, at the 88th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Ancient Maya settlement patterns and density have come into focus thanks to site survey and, more recently, extensive lidar mapping. Settlement density zones suggested by recent investigations in northwest Petén, Guatemala, allow for interpretation of areas of higher and lesser settlement density and the comparison of those groups between sites of...
The impacts of cattle introduction in Puerto Rican landscapes during the colonial period (2017)
In this presentation I examine the environmental impacts that cattle introduction had in Puerto Rico by combining geoarchaeological and ethnohistorical methods. During the sixteenth century hides became one of the most profitable commodities to be produced in the Caribbean. For the bigger islands of the Antilles, it has been reported that these early populations proliferated, leading to underground economies based upon their exploitation. Through the analysis of historical accounts and the...
Imperfect beeswax production in the land of honey—Yucatán, Mexico (2017)
Spanish encomenderos and friars demanded beeswax from their subjects in Yucatán, Mexico, during the early Colonial period. This wax was harvested from beehives infrequently used for wax production in pre-Hispanic times—instead the focus throughout the long history of beekeeping in the region was on honey. In fact, indigenous honeybees, from the genus Melipona, make an impure wax in low quantities, which would have made candle production difficult. These candles were important for Catholic...
Imperial authority and local agency: Investigating the interplay of disruptive technology, indirect authority, and changing ritual practice at Dos Cruces. (2017)
The Chimu smelting site of Dos Cruces is located along the Zaña River in the middle valley of the greater Lambayeque area. Dos Cruces is located at the intersection of two major trade routes and nearby several rich sources of copper ore. The smelting of ore at Dos Cruces utilized wind powered smelting technology, a new innovation for this region. Despite its obvious Chimu affiliations, Dos Cruces lacks an audiencia, or indeed any indication of Chimu administrative oversight. The denizens of Dos...
Imperial Remodeling: Hatuncancha and Later Inca Construction (2019)
This is an abstract from the "How Did the Inca Construct Cuzco?" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Though generations of scholars have mapped nearly all the standing architecture of the imperial and colonial city of Cusco, nevertheless, the site remains caught in the hypothetical moment of its apogee prior to its destruction during the Great Inca Revolt. A recent intensive survey of the central portion of the city provides nuanced data that permits a...
Impermanent Architecture, Monumentality, and Landscape Transformation in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia (2024)
This is an abstract from the "The Problem of the Monument: Widening Perspectives on Monumentality in the Archaeology of the Isthmo-Colombian Area" session, at the 89th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. From AD 100 to AD 1600, the northern and southern faces of of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta were permanently transformed by preHispanic societies who built hundreds of stone and rammed earth towns throughout an area encompassing over 7,000 square kilometers. Despite the...
The Implements of the Blade House: The Function and Symbolic Significance of Laurel-Leaf Bifaces from Caves in Central Belize (2021)
This is an abstract from the "The Subterranean in Mesoamerican Indigenous Culture and Beyond" session, at the 86th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Large, finely made laurel-leaf chert bifaces have been recovered from the ancient Maya cave sites of Actun Chapat, Actun Tunichil Mucnal, Actun Yaxteel Ahau, and Je’reftheel, which are located in central Belize. By considering these laurel-leaf bifaces from the perspectives of lithic raw material, production techniques,...
Implications for Spinning Thread in a Marketplace at the Classic Maya site of Xunantunich, Belize (2017)
The identification of marketplaces among the Classic Maya has contributed to more complex understandings of their economies, but scholars are still working to determine the fundamentals and variations of Maya marketplace exchange across time and space. Recent investigations at the Classic Maya site of Xunantunich, Belize recovered a small assemblage of spindle whorls from the site’s Lost Plaza, a posited marketplace. This the only example among the Classic Maya to directly connect the activity...
Implications of Integrative Science Approaches for Site Documentation at Bia Ogoi (2018)
Deep in the Washington Territory amongst American expansionism, one of the nation’s most devastating conflicts occurred. On the frigid morning of January 29th 1863, the California Volunteers under the command of Patrick Connor attacked the Shoshone village at Bia Ogoi in response to ongoing hostilities between whites and Native groups, resulting in the death of at least 250 Shoshone and 21 soldiers. Over the course of the past 150 years, extensive landscape modification has occurred from both...
Implications of the Spanish Colonization in the Evolution of Dental Morphological Structure in Maya Populations from Yucatan (2019)
This is an abstract from the "Approaches to Cultural and Biological Complexity in Mexico at the Time of Spanish Conquest" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Dental morphology among the Prehispanic Maya population has been characterized by a certain degree of stability. Isolation-by-distance models do not fit well into Mesoamerican populations, due to a relatively homogeneous dental structure. This was true also in the Yucatan peninsula, despite the...
The importance of updating information. The "Proyecto de Actualización y Digitalización de las Cédulas del Registro Público" (2017)
In 2010 the "Sistema Único de Registro de Monumentos y Zonas Arqueológicos e Históricos" was developed to face the need of having a modern and strong technological support capable to cover the legal, academic and institutional aspects that the Public Registry required as a fundamental area of the Institution. It has the duty to guarantee information for query and monitoring activities about federal and particular monuments involved in the system. Due to the vast universe of information which...
The Importance of Different Ontologies for Heritage Conservation in the Maya Area (2024)
This is an abstract from the "SAA 2024: Individual Abstracts" session, at the 89th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Heritage conservation has as one of its main objectives, the recovery of specific values defined on many occasions by restorers and trained professionals. However, these values might not be the same for everyone. How can restorers incorporate the different ontologies regarding heritage in their conservation treatments and policies? Through a case study of...
The Importance of Large-Scale Collaborative Lidar Research in the Maya Lowlands of Northern Peten (2019)
This is an abstract from the "SAA 2019: General Sessions" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Since 2009, lidar technology has been revolutionizing lowland Maya archaeology. Lidar data are most effective, however, when collected broadly and studied collaboratively. Recently, the Pacunam Lidar Initiative adopted this approach, uniting seven different research projects to analyze over 2100 km2 of forest cover of the Maya Biosphere Reserve in northern...