Europe (Geographic Keyword)

DOCUMENT Citation Only John M. Coles. Andrews L. Lawson.

This resource is a citation record only, the Center for Digital Antiquity does not have a copy of this document. The information in this record has been migrated into tDAR from the National Archaeological Database Reports Module (NADB-R) and updated. Most NADB-R records consist of a document citation and other metadata but do not have the documents themselves uploaded. If you have a digital copy of the document and would like to have it curated in tDAR, please contact us at comments@tdar.org.

DOCUMENT Citation Only Anick Coudart.

The archaeological and ethnographical study of domestic dwellings gives us the opportunity to grasp the logical structure which underlies the transformation of any architectural tradition, then the process of reproduction-transformation of a cultural group, and ultimately the evaluation of its sustainability. A comparative architectural approach between Bandkeramik Neolithic and New-Guinean Anga groups) allows us to extract the structure inherent in architectural traditions; i.e. the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Maria Penkala.

This resource is a citation record only, the Center for Digital Antiquity does not have a copy of this document. The information in this record has been migrated into tDAR from the National Archaeological Database Reports Module (NADB-R) and updated. Most NADB-R records consist of a document citation and other metadata but do not have the documents themselves uploaded. If you have a digital copy of the document and would like to have it curated in tDAR, please contact us at comments@tdar.org.

DOCUMENT Citation Only Maria Penkala.

This resource is a citation record only, the Center for Digital Antiquity does not have a copy of this document. The information in this record has been migrated into tDAR from the National Archaeological Database Reports Module (NADB-R) and updated. Most NADB-R records consist of a document citation and other metadata but do not have the documents themselves uploaded. If you have a digital copy of the document and would like to have it curated in tDAR, please contact us at comments@tdar.org.

DOCUMENT Citation Only Kate Trusler.

A number of researchers have inferred socioeconomic status using zooarchaeological data in contexts suggested by artifacts to reflect a particular status level. Cuts of meat that are of relatively high yield ("utility") should be more economically valuable than low yield parts. A model of carcass-part utility assumes that people of high socioeconomic status will preferentially acquire greater relative frequencies of high yield parts than people of low status. The model is applied to the Roman...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Pranavi Ramireddy. Julia Giblin. Jaime Ullinger. László Paja.

In well-preserved osteoarchaeological samples, numerous anthropological methods are employed to determine age at death, biological sex, diet, and pathologies. However, with cremated human bone (cremains), determining demographic information is complicated by fragmentation and post-depositional damage. A simple way to assess variability in demographics, taphonomy, and burial treatment in cremains is to measure total bone weight and volume, which can then be examined in light of sex, age-at-death,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Sonja Grimm.

Change in human societies is encouraged by innovators and slowed by traditional behaviour that provides the security of a running system. However, in times of significant climatic and environmental change traditional strategies might fail and innovations can become the more attractive option. 15,000 years ago, hunter-gatherers in north-western Europe were confronted with the important change from a glacial (Weichselian) to an interglacial period (Holocene) that was characterised by rapid...

DOCUMENT Citation Only William Balco. Michael J. Kolb.

Evidence for the production of Roman glass artifacts in western Sicily remains difficult to identify. The fragile nature of glass artifacts and the frequency with which glass could be recycled into new glass artifacts contributes to a general lack of evidence concerning its ancient production. Excavation of a Roman water cistern in Salemi, Sicily however, preserve evidence of the local manufacture of glass artifacts. Following its abandonment, the cistern was filled with refuse from the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Adrian Timpson. Katie Manning. Stephen Shennan. Enrico Crema.

Occam’s razor judges the success of any model by its ability to explain the evidence with the greatest simplicity. We present two powerful yet simple models; the first evaluates the transition from hunting and gathering to farming within an evolutionary framework, by considering farming as a phenotypic mutation under positive selection. This allows us to estimate the selection coefficient and map local times of first appearance and fixation. The second evaluates the appearance and eventual...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Anna Szigeti. Virág Varga. Viktória Kiss. Attila Gyucha.

Metal is a unique raw material which societies in some parts of southeastern Europe have been exploiting since the Middle Neolithic (5500/5400-5000/4900 BCE). As previous studies in various parts of the world suggest, the acquisition and circulation of metal objects, as well as the ability to work metal have been important in the development of prehistoric societies. In our study, we compared the distribution of metal artifacts during the Hungarian Copper Age (4500/4400-2800/2700 BCE) and Bronze...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Paul Kardulias.

Since 1991, the Malloura Valley Survey, part of the Athienou Archaeological Project, has studied the shifting patterns of land use in central Cyprus. The survey work identified 30 loci of human activity in a rural setting midway between Nikosia and Larnaka, major population centers from antiquity to the modern period. The sporadic scatter of artifacts on the surface indicated a low-level but persistent pattern of land use through most periods. As a project that incorporates material from all...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Nicholas Conard.

This paper examines low density Paleolithic sites from several geological contexts within a diachronic framework. The case studies consider what unifying elements and differences exist in Lower, Middle and Upper Paleolithic contexts and addresses their causes with regard to the nature of sedimentation, raw material availability and technological needs. Where preservation permits links will be made between assemblages of lithic, faunal and botanical artifacts at the contexts studied to help...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Sarah Ranlett.

Since the Lower Palaeolithic, rare, exotic and unusual mineral and fossilized materials (e.g. amber, jet, belemnite, ammonite, soapstone) have constituted objects of interest for humans and our recent ancestors across Eurasia and Africa. There are examples of novel materials being collected, curated and/or minimally modified since nearly the beginning of prehistory. Beginning in the Upper Paleolithic, a number of these raw materials became, for the first time, a habitual part of human...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Sara Champsion.

This resource is a citation record only, the Center for Digital Antiquity does not have a copy of this document. The information in this record has been migrated into tDAR from the National Archaeological Database Reports Module (NADB-R) and updated. Most NADB-R records consist of a document citation and other metadata but do not have the documents themselves uploaded. If you have a digital copy of the document and would like to have it curated in tDAR, please contact us at comments@tdar.org.

DOCUMENT Citation Only Colene Knaub. Nicole Jacobson. Kate Flor-Stagnato.

Records of human rights violations precede biblical times and have shown no signs of decelerating despite the contemporary measures taken to clearly define such atrocities. In the case of the Armenian Genocide, committed by the Ottoman Empire during WWI, the Young Turk government took great care as to restrict the publication of photographs and reports that would expose the widely condoned practice and to this day claim to have no responsibilty or knowledge of such occurrences. The physical...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Seth Murray.

The approaches and perspectives of Historical Ecology are solidly grounded in interdisciplinary objectives. Wide-ranging projects, such as the one Carole Crumley initiated and has sustained in France, demonstrate the utility of integrating interdisciplinary objectives into research that seeks to understand long-term changes in a landscape. As the original set of archaeological objectives in Crumley’s project changed over time, Historical Ecology emerged as a robust conceptual framework that...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Linda Hurcombe.

In living contexts the majority of material culture is formed from organic materials, but on most archaeological sites only the inorganic elements are preserved. The perishable material culture thus forms the 'missing majority'. The fragmentary records and fragmentary remains of perishable material culture stored in museums can offer new ways of understanding artefacts made from organic materials. A mosaic approach has been used to offer new interpretations of artefacts using original museum...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Scott Stull.

This is an abstract from the "New Work in Medieval Archaeology, Part 2: Crossing Boundaries, Materialities, and Identities" session, at the 89th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. The theoretical foundation of experimental archaeology is often left implicit. Some argue that the primary value of experimental archaeology lies in scientific experiments to investigate specific and non-theoretical questions about ancient technology. This paper will address the experiential...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Catherine Brun. Julien Riel-Salvatore. Claudine Gravel-Miguel. Fabio Negrino. Jamie Hodgkins.

This is an abstract from the "SAA 2021: General Sessions" session, at the 86th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. The discovery of an Early Mesolithic (10,000–9000 cal BP) newborn buried in Arma Veirana Cave (Erli, Italy) is very important both for the rarity of prehistoric newborn burials and for the richness and diversity of its grave goods. Those are composed of 84 perforated *Columbella rustica and four perforated *Glycymeris sp. with different levels of use-wear. Our...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Michael Mlyniec. Roger Doonan. Duško Šljivar. Yvette Marks. Sarah MacKinnon.

Recent dating projects have determined the oldest known date for copper smelting to appear around, 5000 BCE, associated with Vinča (Gradac phase) sites in the Morava Valley, Serbia. Recent Studies of Vinča metallurgy (Radivojevic 2010) were directed towards the characterisation of slags and associated minerals, and their provenance. This body of work has had important implications for theories relating to the beginnings of metal-using communities. Despite this important research, few studies...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Nicholas Conard. Britt Starkovich.

This paper examines changing patterns of subsistence during the Lower, Middle and Upper Paleolithic of Central Europe. We present data on faunal assemblages from our excavations in Germany and look at the extent to which the selection and exploitation of prey reflects expectations from behavioral ecological models. We also consider how these faunal assemblages inform us about the evolution of social and economic behavior during the Middle and Late Pleistocene. SAA 2015 abstracts made available...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Danielle Riebe.

There has already been extensive analysis of Late Neolithic material culture on the Great Hungarian Plain. Much of that research, however, typically has been restricted to one site as opposed to multiple sites within a region. This paper explores assemblage variation in lithic materials from multiple sites across the Plain. By identifying differences in lithic materials, one can assess the extent to which lithics either reflect or even potentially reinforce social boundaries. In addition,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Julia Gamble. Brooke Milne.

The field of bioarchaeology is leading to significant advances in our understanding of the lives of past populations. A particular area of interest in this field lies in the consideration of the early life determinants of later life conditions. The consideration of non-specific skeletal stress markers has been at the forefront of this research. Dental enamel grows incrementally, and because it does not remodel once formed, a permanent record of growth disruption is preserved. Traditionally,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Sammantha Holder. Laurie Reitsema. Tosha Dupras. Rimantas Jankauskas.

This is an abstract from the "Cooperative Bodies: Bioarchaeology and Non-ranked Societies" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Historical evidence indicates that two strategies characterized diet provisioning in Napoleon’s Grand Army: rationing and cooperative foraging. Drawing on practice theory, we examine which strategy dominated Napoleonic soldier diet during military service. Although the amounts distributed varied by rank and corps, rations...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Rachel Scott.

Over the last decade, social identity has become well established as an area of bioarchaeological research. Although bioarchaeologists now examine a variety of identities in past societies (such as gender, age, and disability), it remains challenging to discuss the ways in which multiple identities intersect in the creation of individual lives. The construction of osteobiographies provides a means of investigating these intersections, in particular the interrelation of age with other aspects of...