Europe (Geographic Keyword)
526-550 (1,215 Records)
This resource is a citation record only, the Center for Digital Antiquity does not have a copy of this document. The information in this record has been migrated into tDAR from the National Archaeological Database Reports Module (NADB-R) and updated. Most NADB-R records consist of a document citation and other metadata but do not have the documents themselves uploaded. If you have a digital copy of the document and would like to have it curated in tDAR, please contact us at comments@tdar.org.
Hyperspectral X-Ray Fluorescence of the Luni glasses (2015)
To investigate raw materials provenance, date and models of production of archaeological glass it is essential to characterize and define compositional groups based on the elemental composition. However, obtaining such information traditionally requires performing micro-destructive analysis on micro-samples. Here, the use of hyperspectral X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) is investigated as alternative tool for the examination of Roman natron glass. The full multichannel analyzer (MCA) data of the...
The Iapodians in Iron Age Europe: a Stable Isotope and Radiocarbon Dating Program in Northern Croatia (2016)
In this paper, we report results from ongoing research on the Iapodian culture, a distinct group centered in the Lika region of modern-day Croatia. Despite excavations in the area since the late 1880s, the scope of Iapodian involvement in regional interaction spheres, larger trade networks, and the general Iron Age world is unclear, and has yet to be systematically analyzed with modern methods. Preliminary isotopic results from Iapodian samples demonstrate an increase in millet consumption,...
Icelandic Livestock and Landscapes: Biometrical Signatures of Land Surface Change (2017)
Zooarchaeologists have typically employed faunal biometric data to address questions of domestication, breeding and improvement strategies, animal population demographics, market economies, and the movement of livestock. However, an historical ecology approach to biometrics also suggests the utility of investigating relationships between livestock management strategies and landscape change. Building on over twenty years’ worth of standardized zooarchaeological datasets from across the North...
Icelandic Livestock Improvement and an Emerging National Identity: Biometrical and Genetic Markers of a New Landscape (2015)
Early in the settlement of Iceland, social perceptions were imported along with herds of livestock primarily from Norway. Cultural identity and agricultural traditions can influence and react upon each other. Iceland provides a unique location to explore these intersections as an island intellectually connected to Europe but isolated from significant trade routes. An exploration of Iceland’s rich literary tradition suggests that the Icelandic social landscape coalesced and matured from the early...
Identification of early anthropogenic movements of exotic species using sedaDNA (2016)
The Anthropocene is defined as the global modification of ecosystems by anthropogenic activity and is evidenced by traces in the geological record. Debate is ongoing regarding the onset of the Anthropocene, with some regarding the first traces of human activity as a starting point, while others point to later intensification and clearer anthropogenic signatures as more suitable. An early geological signature of human activity is recorded in the DNA laid down and sealed in marine sediments...
Identification of Post-Marital Residence Patterns in Prehistory: A Case from the European Neolithic (2019)
This is an abstract from the "SAA 2019: General Sessions" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. The aim of this contribution is to test hypotheses about the correlation of post-marital residence with several material patterns observed in the archaeological record, namely household floor area, the spatial arrangements of households and type of subsistence. These associations, which were previously revealed in the anthropological literature, are...
Identification of Prehistoric Hunter-Gatherer Aggregation Sites: the Case of Altimira (1980)
This resource is a citation record only, the Center for Digital Antiquity does not have a copy of this document. The information in this record has been migrated into tDAR from the National Archaeological Database Reports Module (NADB-R) and updated. Most NADB-R records consist of a document citation and other metadata but do not have the documents themselves uploaded. If you have a digital copy of the document and would like to have it curated in tDAR, please contact us at comments@tdar.org.
Identifying pre-incineration state from heat-induced fracture and warping patterns found on human cremains in a Hungarian Bronze Age cemetery (2017)
Attempts to determine the status of human remains prior to their final deposition are complicated in the analysis of cremains. Forensic and archaeological studies, however, have advocated for the interpretation of heat-induced fracture and warping patterns as indicators of the pre-incineration state of the body and of the characteristics of the funeral fire. The purpose of this research is to examine the possible internal social structures of a Bronze Age population in the Körös region of...
Identifying Signatures of Bone Grease Rendering in Archaeological Contexts (2023)
This is an abstract from the "SAA 2023: Individual Abstracts" session, at the 88th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Toward the end of the Paleolithic, foragers have been inferred to render small amounts of fat from cancellous bone in a process known as bone grease rendering (BGR). As the goal is to extract additional energy from each animal, the technology possibly emerged in response to seasonal resource stress. BGR is presently associated with the Holocene; more...
Identifying Specialized Agricultural Production in the Archaeological Record: a Response To Wells (1987)
This resource is a citation record only, the Center for Digital Antiquity does not have a copy of this document. The information in this record has been migrated into tDAR from the National Archaeological Database Reports Module (NADB-R) and updated. Most NADB-R records consist of a document citation and other metadata but do not have the documents themselves uploaded. If you have a digital copy of the document and would like to have it curated in tDAR, please contact us at comments@tdar.org.
Identifying Triticeae Taxa in Soil and Ceramic Thin Sections Through Morphometric Analysis of Articulated Dendritic Phytolith Wave Patterns (2015)
Morphometric analysis has proven to be an effective tool for identifying phytolith assemblages produced by various plant taxa. Dendritic phytoliths are produced in the inflorescence bracts of Triticeae. Articulated dendritc phytoliths produce a wave pattern along the margins of the cells. In this study we explore the use of morphometric data from our reference collection of articulated dendritic phytoliths to identify Triticeae taxa in soil and ceramic thin sections. SAA 2015 abstracts made...
Identities in a Viking winter camp (2015)
From 865, Viking raids on England intensified with the arrival of an army much larger than any previously known. This so-called 'Great Army' (micel here) raided northern and eastern England, spending the winter at a number of sites recorded in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, but which, until recently, have remained archaeologically elusive. Recent fieldwork at a handful of these sites, some of which were first identified by metal detectorists, has now begun both to identify their precise locations...
Identity, self-image and cultural expression in Viking Age Sweden (2015)
The people of Viking Age Scandinavia shared a common culture and could as a group be regarded as Northmen or people from the North. It is clear, however, that contemporary Northmen recognised differences between, and divisions within, their own cultural and political sphere. In order to advance in our interpretation and understanding of the Northmen and their geographical expansion during the Viking Age, we need to recognise these differences, which they themselves were well aware of. The Viking...
If the Dead Could Return: The Politics of World War II Era Human Remains in Eastern Europe (2017)
Although World War II (WWII) hostilities ended in 1945, still today the graves and remains of both combatants and civilians continue to be unearthed, especially in Eastern Europe. These discoveries of graves become entwined with the dynamic physical and geopolitical landscapes, whereby the post-human remains take on new, contested identities. Their unique identifications to name or nationality are sublimated, as their collective national or ethnic identities become prioritized. Combatants...
Illuminating Invisible Houses: Using Ground-penetrating Radar and Three-Dimensional Geospatial Modeling to Reconstruct 19th century Irish Homes, Inishark, Co. Galway, Ireland (2015)
This poster examines the use of ground-penetrating radar in combination with three-dimensional modeling to identify, examine, and virtually reconstruct the subsurface material remains of nineteenth century homes on the islands of Inishark and Inishbofin, Co. Galway, Ireland. In this research we employ a multi-stage research program starting with a ground-penetrating radar survey of multiple house sites and a digital scanning of the ground surface to develop a high-resolution topographical map,...
Imitation, Counterfeiting And Cultural Appropriation. Chinese Influences on European Ceramics (1560-1780) (2023)
This is an abstract from the session entitled "Globalisation of Sino-foreign Maritime Exchange: Ocean Cultures", at the 2023 annual meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology. Blue on white tin-glazed earthenware was made in Europe since the medieval Muslim occupation. The early modern production passes by different styles, however, somewhere around mid-16th century the decoration of European tin-glazed earthenware started to resemble, if not clearly imitate, Chinese porcelain....
Immanence, configuration and the bloomery ironmaking process: identifying behavioural opportunities from physical constraints (2015)
All metallurgical systems conform to the scientific laws defined for chemical, physical and thermodynamic interactions. These laws place clear limitations on the range of technological possibility, but, more importantly, create technological opportunity. Some metallurgical opportunities will be better suited to particular socioeconomic and natural environments than others. Models derived jointly from Materials science and Geology on one hand and evolutionary sciences on the other can offer...
The Impact of Low-Cost, Low-Tech DIY Approaches at the Pompeii Quadriporticus Project (2015)
Born a paperless research project, the Pompeii Quadriporticus Project (PQP) employed multiple digital approaches to archaeology in its first three field seasons (2010-2012), including 3D modeling, ground penetrating radar, and a host of iPad applications. By the PQP's final season (2013), the availability of a number of low-tech, user-accessible digital techniques tempted us to consider if these DIY approaches could produce data sets of commensurate quality to those recorded using expensive...
The impact of the 8.2 kyr cal BP event on Late Mesolithic demography in the central Mediterranean region of Spain (2015)
The central Mediterranean region of the Iberian Peninsula witnessed two major environmental processes affecting early and middle Holocene hunter-gatherers: rapid sea-level rise, with the consequent flooding of coastal plains; and the replacement of open-landscape by forest- taxa. In this context, much less is known regarding how the 8.2 kyr cal BP climatic event impacted Late Mesolithic human populations. Using multiple lines of archaeological and paleoenvironmental evidence, in this paper we...
The impact of the 9.3 cooling event on the human environment in the southern North Sea basin (2015)
In a recent paper Robinson et al. (2013) could synchronize major changes in Mesolithic armatures and the development of the Rhine-Meuse-Scheldt Culture with the abrupt cooling event of 9.3 cal BP. It is suggested that this climatic event led to environmental stress which triggered the development of inter-regional social networks, e.g. by expanding long-distance raw material exchange and creating particular socially symbolic artifact types. Yet, the impact of the 9.3 cooling event on the...
The Importance of Short Duration Archaeological Sites for Contextualizing Forager Organization: An Argument from the Middle and Upper Paleolithic of central Portugal (2017)
The majority of Late Pleistocene archaeological sites in central Portugal resulted from short-term forager activities on the scale of days or weeks. This paper explores the analytical and theoretical significance of these small, ephemeral sites for understanding Middle and Upper Paleolithic organization of technology and settlement strategies. The interpretive context provided by short term site assemblages is essential for developing robust regional hypotheses of Paleolithic behavior, including...
The Importance of Wild Animal Resources in Skagafjörður, North Iceland (2017)
In both past and present, pastoralism has been an integral part of life in Iceland. In fact, status is generally defined by how many cattle one can keep; however, wild resources are abundant in Iceland and are also used to supplement the diet. For much of Iceland’s history, wild resource use and access was heavily regulated through formal laws and social contracts that often favored elite landowners. Using case studies from Skagafjörður, North Iceland, this paper will explore the use of wild...
In Search of Something Better (2015)
In the 7th and 8th century CE, Scandinavian societies developed a stratified social structure based on ownership of land dominated by relatively few people. When the population grew during the 8th century this created a society with few opportunities not least among the landless who were partly engaged in handicraft at rural production sites linked to the urbanized European economy. This created a situation in which raiding, conquest, colonization and state formation became attractive...
In the trail of dancing lions: iconography and community on early Crete (2015)
This paper examines the formulation of an early iconographic tradition on late third-early second millennium BCE Crete as a means of gaining insight on the development of a novel scale and variety of community ideology. During this period stamp seals began to be crafted from imported ivory and engraved with figural motifs involving lions, each belonging to a highly distinctive iconography reproduced across the island. These changes coincide with evidence of other social developments, including...