Europe (Geographic Keyword)
851-875 (1,217 Records)
This study focuses on the cultural, political, and biological factors that led to the formation of a unique pattern of dental pathology within an Icelandic population at Haffjarðarey, Iceland between the 13th and 16th Centuries . The Haffjarðarey church and cemetery clearly served as an important meeting place and burial site for the surrounding region during this period. A paleopathological analysis of the population reveals a high rate of ante-mortem tooth loss, severe tooth wear, and...
Places of Power and Passage: hillforts and monumental landscapes in the early Iron Age of central and south-eastern Slovenia. (2015)
The early Iron Age (EIA) landscape in central and south-eastern Slovenia is dominated by hillforts and barrow groups. These monumental structures express and symbolise elite power in the landscape. Despite traditional emphasis on outside agency in the formation of these landscapes, it will be shown that the EIA landscape incorporated and transformed many places of the preceding Late Bronze Age (LBA) landscape, often through monumentalisation. The expansion of hillfort settlements coincides with...
Plan of Lapa do Picareiro (2015)
Site plan based on 1x1 m alphanumeric grid system.
Plant Fibre Diagnostics: Retrospect and Prospect (2016)
Here I review ethnographic studies of hunter-gatherer groups from North America, Siberia, and Scandinavia to examine plant-fibre material cultural heritage and natural husbandry practiced by these societies. This study considers plant-fibre textiles and their diagnostic differential typology to aid understanding of plant fibre processing and utilization and attendant diagnostic features. The poor preservation of European plant-fibre directs diagnostic trials to modern reference material and...
Plants and Ancient Man: Studies in Palaeoethnobotany (1984)
This resource is a citation record only, the Center for Digital Antiquity does not have a copy of this document. The information in this record has been migrated into tDAR from the National Archaeological Database Reports Module (NADB-R) and updated. Most NADB-R records consist of a document citation and other metadata but do not have the documents themselves uploaded. If you have a digital copy of the document and would like to have it curated in tDAR, please contact us at comments@tdar.org.
Pleistocene Occupation of the Greek Islands: The Perspective from Crete (2017)
Palaeolithic stone tools have been identified on a number of Greek islands recently. These include the oceanic island of Crete, where lithic artifacts on the southern coast at Plakias occur in association with raised marine beaches and paleosols in karstic depressions dated to > 130 kyr, and on the northern coast at Mochlos Bay associated with as-yet undated Pleistocene alluvial fans. Other islands, including Ayios Efstratios, Alonissos, Gavdos, Kephalonia, Lesvos, Melos, and Naxos, have also...
The Pleistocene-Holocene Transition in Cantabrian Spain: Current State of the Question (2016)
Decades of research involving new excavations, chronometric dating, artifact and faunal analyses, site distribution studies and isotopic analyses have refined our understanding of the transitions from Upper Magdalenian to Azilian and then to a variety of Mesolithic cultural traditions in the period between the Allerod and Boreal climatic phases in the classic region of Cantabrian Spain. There are indicators of both continuity in some aspects of settlement, subsistence and technology at some...
Plinius der Ältere und das Bemalen von Textilien. Die Rolle der Experimentellen Archäologie zum Verständnis antiker Texte (2017)
This resource is a citation record only, the Center for Digital Antiquity does not have a copy of this document. The information in this record has been migrated into tDAR from the EXARC Bibliography, originally compiled by Roeland Paardekooper, and updated. Most of these records consist of a document citation and other metadata but do not have the documents themselves uploaded. If you have a digital copy of the document and would like to have it curated in tDAR, please contact us using the...
Polished Flint Discoidal Knives (2016)
This PhD research investigates the use of polished flint discoidal knives from the Late Neolithic/ Early Bronze Age, which are reportedly unique to the British Isles. No scientific study has been performed on these artifacts and functional understanding to date is based on contextualized hypotheses from the literature. The three main hypotheses from the literature are that the discoidal knives are perceived as: 1) unused status symbols; or that they were used 2) for butchering; or 3) for the...
Political and Economic patchworks in Viking Age Iceland (2017)
The 9th century Norse settlement of Iceland resulted in a system of semi-territorial petty chiefdoms, with local and island-wide regular assemblies. The volcanic island was divided up into four quarters, each with three or four local assemblies. Farmers had to pledge their allegiance to one of the chiefs within their quarter, creating a patchwork of alliances. Farms themselves may also have been cobbled together from non-contiguous blocks which allowed access to different environmental...
Politics and Possibilities in Prehistoric Europe: An Alternative View on Power and Wealth (2024)
This is an abstract from the "In Defense of Everything! Constructive Engagements with Graeber and Wengrow’s Provocative Contribution" session, at the 89th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. An overarching idea of *The Dawn of Everything* is that archaeologists should be encouraged to explore the past as a world of possibilities, not the least with regard to social and political organization. Taking up this call, this paper will reexamine two of the main conceptual...
Popular Movements and Late Roman Cemeteries (1975)
This resource is a citation record only, the Center for Digital Antiquity does not have a copy of this document. The information in this record has been migrated into tDAR from the National Archaeological Database Reports Module (NADB-R) and updated. Most NADB-R records consist of a document citation and other metadata but do not have the documents themselves uploaded. If you have a digital copy of the document and would like to have it curated in tDAR, please contact us at comments@tdar.org.
Population dynamics and the 5.9 ka event: a methodology for relating climate change and demography in Eneolithic Romania, Moldova, and Ukraine (2016)
For over a decade it has been suggested that several events of the fourth millenium BC in Romania, Moldova, and Ukraine – the rise and fall of the giant-settlements of the Tripolye culture in Central Ukraine, the abandonment of Gumelnița tell settlements in the Danube valley, and the dissolution of the “Old European” complex and advent of the Bronze Age – were influenced by climatic factors, notably the 5.9 ka event and the beginning of the Subboreal period. However, the simple synchronicity of...
Population Model for the Diffusion of Early Farming in Europe. In the Explanation of Culture Change; Models In Prehistory (1973)
This resource is a citation record only, the Center for Digital Antiquity does not have a copy of this document. The information in this record has been migrated into tDAR from the National Archaeological Database Reports Module (NADB-R) and updated. Most NADB-R records consist of a document citation and other metadata but do not have the documents themselves uploaded. If you have a digital copy of the document and would like to have it curated in tDAR, please contact us at comments@tdar.org.
Population Replacement and Radiation and the Decline of the Great Moravian State (2024)
This is an abstract from the "Life and Death in Medieval Central Europe" session, at the 89th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Great Moravia is credited by historians as the first Slavic state, existing briefly in the ninth and early tenth centuries. Internal disputes, Magyar incursions, conflicts with the Frankish Empire, and climate change events contributed to the decline and demise of the Great Moravian state. Although these events are supported by archaeological...
Population, monuments and violence in Neolithic Europe (2015)
The EUROEVOL project has recently created reconstructions of changing regional population densities based on summed radiocarbon probability distributions for a large area of western and central Europe for the period 8000-4000 BP, covering the later Mesolithic and Neolithic periods. These have revealed a pattern of population booms and busts in many regions following the arrival of farming. The project has also gathered data on the construction dates of enclosures surrounded by ditches, banks and...
A Portable Photogrammetry Rig for the Reliable Creation of High-Quality 3D Artifact Models in the Field (2015)
3D modeling is becoming an increasingly utilized tool in archaeology. Currently, there are three principal ways of obtaining 3D models of objects: laser scanning, white light scanning, and photogrammetry. Photogrammetry is becoming increasingly popular since it is relatively inexpensive, mobile, and requires less equipment that has the possibility of malfunctioning. This poster presents a photogrammetry rig consisting of materials that can be obtained easily in the US. These include a kitchen...
Portable X-ray florescence studies of black-gloss pottery from Monte Pallano (Italy) (2015)
This is an examination of a collection of 200 sherds of black-gloss pottery (a type of fineware that was used for dining and wine consumption from the 5th century B.C.E.-1st century B.C.E ) excavated from the Monte Pallano ridge in the Abruzzo region of eastern Italy. Customarily, pXRF has been used to identify and characterize clay sources for ancient pottery production. In this paper, the elemental composition of the ceramics—measured with a Bruker Tracer III SD pXRF—is analyzed: 1) to...
A Portuguese Ceramic Style in a Global Trade (16th-18th centuries) (2021)
This is a poster submission presented at the 2021 annual meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology. A lot has been said about the globalization and consumption of Portuguese redwares and the relation in the daily life of different people around the world in the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries. However, in spite of these approaches the basic definition of what was made in Portugal, the morphological specifications, and their meanings are still in development. This poster will focus on a...
The Post-Medieval Settlements and Road Network of the Mani Peninsula, Greece (2016)
In the past 50 years, a great deal of archaeological research in Mani has focused on its Byzantine churches and the enigmatic abandoned settlements that surround them. Far less has been written about the centuries following the collapse of the Byzantine Empire (i.e., the post-Medieval period), when the Ottoman Empire took control. This paper gives a brief overview of the most important sources of historical information about the post-Medieval settlements in Mani. A reassessment of a list dated...
A Post-Mortem Evaluation of the Degree of Mobility in an Individual with Severe Kyphoscoliosis Using Direct Digital Radiography (DR) and Multi-Detector Computed Tomography (MDCT) (2015)
Since 2010, the Bioanthropology Research Institute at Quinnipiac University, in collaboration with the Inforce Foundation, Cranfield Forensic Institute at Cranfield University and the Centre for Human Bioarchaeology, Museum of London, have established a temporary field radiographic facility under St. Bride’s Church, Fleet Street London in order to conduct a radiographic survey of the skeletal remains of 227 individuals from the 18th and 19th century interred in the crypt and retained in the...
Post-Mortem Interactions with Human Remains at the Covesea Caves in NE Scotland (2017)
As liminal places between the above-ground world of daily experience and the underworld, caves form a persistent focus for human engagements with the supernatural. As such they have frequently been used as places for the dead, whether as final resting places or as places of transformation. Late Bronze Age human remains were recovered from the Sculptor’s Cave, on the Moray Firth in North-East Scotland, during the 1920s and 1970s. They suggest the curation and display of human bodies and body...
Post-Mortem Interval and Age-at-Death Estimation through Forensic Proteomics (2018)
The estimation of the post-mortem interval (PMI) and the age-at-death (AAD) are both important aspects of forensic anthropology for which numerous methods have been developed, each with different limitations. As proteins represent biomolecules that carry out a wide range of functions, many of which structural to the tissues undergoing decomposition, and the collection of these (i.e., the proteome) is dynamic not only throughout life, but also post-mortem, proteomic methods have great potential...
Post-Mortem Manipulation, Movement, and Memory in Copper Age Iberia (2017)
Post-mortem manipulation of human remains played a critical role in mortuary practices in Copper Age Iberia (c. 3250-2200 BC). During this period in Spain and Portugal, individuals were buried communally in tholos-type tombs, as well as natural or artificial caves and rock shelters. Evidence from across Iberia suggests that mortuary practices included the manipulation and movement of previously interred bodies, either in order to clear space for new individuals, or to facilitate secondary...
(Poster) Unlocking the data behind the Chora of Metaponto publication series: "on-the-fly" solutions for sharing and archiving an evolving collection (2015)
Archaeological publishing is moving from the traditional model of the print monograph (as the definitive word), to an open and interactive model in which it is expected that primary data and the processes of their collection and interpretation are exposed for the reader to validate, re-use, and reinterpret. Online representation of archaeological data and research, then, must achieve transparency, exposing the relations between field collection and research methods, data objects, metadata, and...