Europe (Geographic Keyword)
926-950 (1,217 Records)
Abri Castanet is one of the most important Early Aurignacian sites in the Dordogne (France). First excavated in the mid-20th century by early pioneers of modern excavation techniques, the site yielded invaluable insights into Paleolithic art and personal ornamentation. More recent excavations continued this trend, using total stations to precisely provenience artifacts and sieved sediment. Such rigorous methods and others have elucidated production and use patterns of stone tools, personal...
Red ochre at Hohle Fels, Germany: The use of pigment and space at an Upper Paleolithic cave site (2017)
Some of the most informative artifacts regarding early symbolic behaviors in Europe come from Hohle Fels Cave, Germany. Hohle Fels (HF) boasts a detailed Upper Paleolithic sequence, and an extensive array of ochre artifacts. In this project, we systematically investigate the ochre assemblage at HF by quantity, type and modification, and proximity to other archaeological features. The ochre assemblage includes painted limestone pieces, faunal elements, fossils, and potential grindstones with...
The Redneck vs. The Humble Farmer: How Popular Imagination Influences Studies on Rural Identity (2015)
Rural forms of life and their material remains are rich sources of information for archaeologists on what was the largest economic demographic in the Western world until around 1900. Distressingly, influences from popular imagination and culture, with their many simplistic notions about the rural individual as either an idiotic bumpkin or a noble, humble tiller of the soil, continue to plague interest in, and conclusions about, rural remains and identity. Historical archaeologists have to...
Reflections on anthropology and environment: Implications of Crumley’s holistic approach (2016)
One of the benefits of anthropology’s four-field approach is that it invites reflecting on and applying insights, perspectives, and learnings from one field to another. Such was my experience with Carole Crumley. Although Carole was an archeologist and I was a cultural anthropologist, I asked her to serve as my faculty advisor at UNC-Chapel Hill primarily because she deeply believed in the importance of my research interest. I wanted to study multistakeholder environmental collaboration in...
Reformulating Cultural Heritage Management Strategies in the Post-Soviet Caucasus region. (2017)
The inheritance of Soviet-molded approaches to cultural heritage has seen slow changes in the last two decades in ex-Soviet South Caucasian countries. This is not surprising: if the same specialists continue to run and manage heritage change is expected to be slow; new generations are just starting to work in state agencies. The exposure of the systems to new approaches and its practical application is a difficult task. To compound the problems, the heritage of Georgia, Azerbaijan and Armenia is...
Refugees, tradition and the state: malleable materials and plastic practices in ceramic production on Lesvos, Greece. (2017)
Lesvos (Mytilini) in the Eastern Aegean has been prominent on our TV screens during the human migration towards Europe. The last major population movement in the area, around 100 years ago, comprised the Greek-speaking Christian Orthodox, including several potters, forced out of Asia Minor. Some of these craftspeople came from Canakkale, in present day Turkey, working in the tradition of sometimes bizarre glazed wares. They settled on an island with a large number of active workshops producing...
Regional Trade and Political Power in the Carpathian Basin Bronze Age: The Case of Pecica-Şanţul Mare (Romania) (2017)
Pecica Şanţul-Mare (Romania) was a major trade center during the Middle Bronze Age. Its inhabitants participated intensively in regional and extra-regional exchange networks, bringing a range of utilitarian and prestige goods into the Lower Mureş valley. The quantity and diversity of imported items at Pecica far exceeds that of contemporary settlements in the region, with goods often by-passing other Mureş Culture communities along the major trade routes. Pecica also appears to have had...
Reine Diffusionsbindung. Rekonstruktion einer antiken Vergoldungstechnik und ihrer Anwendungsbereiche im damaligen metallhandwerk (2003)
This resource is a citation record only, the Center for Digital Antiquity does not have a copy of this document. The information in this record has been migrated into tDAR from the EXARC Bibliography, originally compiled by Roeland Paardekooper, and updated. Most of these records consist of a document citation and other metadata but do not have the documents themselves uploaded. If you have a digital copy of the document and would like to have it curated in tDAR, please contact us using the...
A Relational View of Pilgrimage: Movements, Materials, and Affects (2017)
In this paper I discuss three tenets of what I call a relational view of pilgrimage. Overall, this perspective sees pilgrimage as a means through which people, things, places, and more move and converge in ways that instigate what Eliade (1959) called "hierophanies." The first tenet is that movement is crucial – indeed, the nature of a pilgrimage depends on what, where, and how entities (human and non-human) move and assemble. The second is that objects and landscapes (e.g., relics, offerings,...
The relationship between cribra orbitalia, zinc deficiency, and dietary habits in children from 17th-18th century Jēkabpils, Latvia (2015)
In this study we investigated 28 skeletons of children (age 0-18 years) from a 17 th-18th century cemetery in the city of Jēkabpils, Latvia. The cemetery is located in the city center, and was part of a salvage excavation effort in 2011 due to ongoing construction work. It is still unclear to which church and Christian denomination the cemetery belonged. Bioarchaeological evidence indicates high mortality for children: half of the burials were children under the age of 14, while a third were...
Relationships Between Mousterian Lithic and Faunal Assemblages at Combe Grenal (1986)
This resource is a citation record only, the Center for Digital Antiquity does not have a copy of this document. The information in this record has been migrated into tDAR from the National Archaeological Database Reports Module (NADB-R) and updated. Most NADB-R records consist of a document citation and other metadata but do not have the documents themselves uploaded. If you have a digital copy of the document and would like to have it curated in tDAR, please contact us at comments@tdar.org.
Religious and Mortuary Landscapes in Archaic Cyprus (2015)
During the Archaic period (750-480 BC) the island of Cyprus underwent a dramatic transformation as new city-kingdoms rose to dominate the political landscape of the island. This shift resulted in increased competition for resources, establishment of political boundaries, and emergence of a pronounced social hierarchy within the new polities. The site of Athienou-Malloura, surveyed and excavated by the Athienou Archaeological Project includes a Cypro-Archaic sanctuary and nearby tombs on the hill...
Religious belief and cooperation in Viking societies (2017)
It has become clear in recent years that it was not uncommon for Viking groups to be heterogeneous. Numerous studies carried out over the last 25 years indicate that, in the short term at least, sociocultural diversity has a negative impact on trust within communities, and that this leads to a reduction in the willingness of community members to support public projects. Thus, one issue raised by the discovery that many Viking groups were heterogeneous is how loyalty to the group was achieved. In...
Renaissance Florentine Palaces, Costly Signaling, and Lineage Survival (2015)
The elites of Florence, Italy built a huge number of palaces during the city state’s period of republican government between 1282 and 1532. Intuitively, these palaces seem like a perfect fit with the predictions of costly signaling theory: they were expensive, highly visible, and vast, and the families that commissioned their construction viewed them as ways of reflecting and producing status. But were these structures costly signals, or did elites spend money on lavish houses simply because...
Rennes-le-Château, history and myth in competition (2024)
This is an abstract from the "SAA 2024: Individual Abstracts" session, at the 89th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. In a small French village, discussions of medieval heretics and history have become combined by modern tourists. Popular literature has only added to the issue. Since the publication of pieces like Holy Blood, Holy Grail and the Da Vinci Code, the line between fact and fiction has grown thin. In 1965, excavations in Rennes-le-Château, the village which...
The repeated replacement model reexamined – Methodological considerations and dataset improvements (2017)
Five years ago a general explanation model was introduced regarding the observed dynamics during the Upper Paleolithic timeframe on the Iberian Peninsular. In doing so, a scenario of repeated replacements of human groups was established, reflected by fluctuations within the radiocarbon chronology and changes within the archaeological record. Incorporated into the "Adaptive Cycle Model", this model assumes a strong relationship between the constant changes of stadial-interstadial environmental...
Reply To Meiklejohn's Review of 'The Neolithic Transition and the Genetics of Populations in Europe (1987)
This resource is a citation record only, the Center for Digital Antiquity does not have a copy of this document. The information in this record has been migrated into tDAR from the National Archaeological Database Reports Module (NADB-R) and updated. Most NADB-R records consist of a document citation and other metadata but do not have the documents themselves uploaded. If you have a digital copy of the document and would like to have it curated in tDAR, please contact us at comments@tdar.org.
Reporting New Collections of Glass Beads from France (16th - 19th Century): Typology and Chemical Composition (2023)
This is an abstract from the session entitled "Glass Beads: Global Artefacts, Local Perspectives", at the 2023 annual meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology. European glass beads were intensively used for trading in the colonies of Africa, Asia and the Americas from the 16th to the early 20th century. Although found in large amounts in colonial sites, our knowledge of their production and their use in Europe is very limited. In this presentation, we discuss seven new collections...
Resistance and Change; Pottery Manufacture in Sardinia (1985)
This resource is a citation record only, the Center for Digital Antiquity does not have a copy of this document. The information in this record has been migrated into tDAR from the National Archaeological Database Reports Module (NADB-R) and updated. Most NADB-R records consist of a document citation and other metadata but do not have the documents themselves uploaded. If you have a digital copy of the document and would like to have it curated in tDAR, please contact us at comments@tdar.org.
Resistance, Refuge, and Retaliation: The Use of Caves during the Spanish Civil War in Asturias (2015)
During the 2014 field season of the Archaeology of Violence in Asturias Project, a survey of caves in the Spanish province of Asturias was undertaken with the aim to document the usage of these subterranean shelters during the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) and their continued importance as vital landscape features in the guerrilla resistance movement (1939-65). These caves-- as well as other features such as roads, valleys, industrial buildings, and villages-- have long been ignored in...
Rethinking Experimental Archaeology: GIS and Simulation as a Hypothesis-Testing Mechanism. (2016)
More than 25 years since Allen et al. (1990), GIS has become a tool used almost as ubiquitously in archaeology as the trowel and the total station. But is it a “paradigm-shifter?” One fundamental distinction between archaeology and other scientific pursuits is the lack of a formal experimental procedure for testing large-scale hypotheses. We can work with recreated material culture or anything else on a 1:1 scale. However, ideas about larger mechanisms, particularly those that encompass wide...
Revealing the common ground: technological practice, intrusive shapes and hybrid pastes in the Kampos Group pottery of Crete (2015)
The dawn of the Early Bronze Age in the Aegean is of undoubted importance. Whether we emphasise the crafting and consumption of copper or the appearance of whole assemblages of pottery outside of their stylistic "homeland" in the Central Cyclades, Early Bronze I (c. 3100-2600 BCE) has always been characterised as a time of change, featuring the movement of people, goods and ideas. In our haste to categorise, label and seek identities, we have perhaps lost some of the complexity and creativity...
Reversals of Fortune: Understanding Shifts in Political Power from Above and Below (2017)
Current social theories from a variety of disciplines offer ways through which we may understand when and why citizens of a polity or subjects a ruler are likely to protest or rise in response to problems in the relationship between governments and those they govern. Some forms of asymmetry and inequality serve as good general predictors of when protest, rebellion, or civil war are most likely to occur, while the ways in which these issues are framed and resolved vary from society to society. ...
"Reverse Colonialism": The Multi-Directional Nature of Cultural Exchange in the 18th-Century Spanish Atlantic (2016)
In 1492, Spain “discovered” the Americas and proceeded to lay claim to as much of the New World and its natural resources as it could. The colonization and territorial expansion that followed has been fodder for clergy, scholars, historians, and archaeologists throughout the intervening centuries. The majority of these discussions, however, address the impact of Spain’s imperial activities in the Americas, specifically during the “Golden Age” of the 16th and 17th centuries. In this paper, I...
Revised Biochronology of African Plio-Pleistocene Hominin Sites Using Cercopithecoid Taxa (WGF - Hunt Postdoctoral Fellowship) (2014)
This resource is an application for the Hunt Postdoctoral Fellowship from the Wenner-Gren Foundation. Despite recent advances in chronometric techniques, the geological ages of many Plio-Pleistocene deposits containing early hominins, particularly those in South Africa, remain in doubt. Consequently, biochronology and relative faunal dating methods remain valuable age-assessment tools, and cercopithecoid monkeys have historically been among the most biochronologically useful faunal elements....