Ontario (State / Territory) (Geographic Keyword)
301-324 (324 Records)
This is an abstract from the session entitled "Paper / Report Submission (General Sessions)", at the 2023 annual meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology. UNESCO's Decade of Ocean Sciences for Sustainable Development (2021-2030) highlights the need for collaborative approaches for ocean conservation and sustainability. Research in marine sciences should then include both cultural and natural resources. Underwater archaeology is therefore a vector of change and development for...
An Updated Radiocarbon Chronology of the Middle to Late Woodland Transition in Southern Ontario: Regional Variation in the Dynamics of Cultural Change (2019)
This is an abstract from the "Dating Iroquoia: Advancing Radiocarbon Chronologies in Northeastern North America" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. The Middle to Late Woodland transition in southern Ontario extends over approximately 500 years and encompasses several changes in subsistence and settlement patterns, ritual practices, and ceramic and lithic crafting traditions. The last major review of the radiocarbon chronology related to these changes...
An Urban Context for the Study of Colonialism: Québec City (2020)
This is an abstract from the session entitled "Comparative Perspectives on European Colonization in the Americas: Papers in Honor of Réginald Auger" , at the 2020 annual meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology. Québec City was the urban heart of the European colonization of the Saint Lawrence River watershed for much of the French and English regimes; it remained an important urban centre well after. The city is a major source of data about and an inspiration for the study of...
US Army Corps of Engineers Archaeological Collections Condition Assessment (2000)
The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) is responsible for the management of thousands of cultural resources on Corps property and for the curation of millions of archaeological and historical resources removed from these lands. As mandated by federal regulation, agencies are required to ensure that all recovered archaeological materials and the associated records are adequately curated and are accessible for use by the Native Americans, public, and researchers. Unfortunately, funding...
The Use and Cultural Importance of Eulachon (Thaleichthys pacificus) on the NWC: An Example from Prince Rupert Harbour. (2017)
Eulachon was an important resource for many NWC First Nations. Ethnographers such as Garfield and Boas note the particular importance of this fish among the Tsimshian. One of the primary eulachon spawning locations on the coast is at the mouth of the Nass River, north of PRH, and rights to fish at particular locations in this area were owned by Tsimshian descent groups. Access to this fish, its processing, and storage played an important role in structuring subsistence and settlement patterns,...
The Use of Dental and Skeletal Indicators to Predict the Age of Menarche from Juvenile Human Skeletal Remains (2017)
The onset of puberty, characterized by menarche in females, marks the important transition from the juvenile to the adolescent life-history stage. Limited research has been done to investigate the relationship between this transition and indicators of skeletal and dental maturation. This study examines the association between age of menarche and stages of skeletal and dental development seen in radiographs of the hand/wrist and dentition, using a sample of 33 females followed longitudinally in...
Using Archaeology And Digital Tools To Understand A Crucial Montreal Site In Canadian Political History (2020)
This is an abstract from the session entitled "Digital Technologies and Public Archaeology" , at the 2020 annual meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology. An ambitious archaeological research program was carried out by Pointe-à-Callière Museum in Montreal on the St. Ann’s Market and Parliament of the United Province of Canada (1832–1849) site, to highlight this site of national significance. Although the Parliament sat here for only a short time, from 1844 to 1849, its abrupt end in...
Vertebrate analysis of column samples taken from Hup’kisakuu7a (93T, DfSh-43) (2017)
Hup’kisakuu7a (93T, DfSh-43) is a small pre=contact site in Tseshaht territory. This site was excavated in 2015 and 2016 in order to determine to what extent smaller sites in Barkley Sound were being used during the late and mid-Holocene (ca 5,000-200 cal BP). Two 2x2 meter units were excavated. A column sample was taken from the north wall of each units in 2016. These column samples reached a depth of 120 cm depth below datum (DBD) in unit 1, and 137 cm DBD in unit 2. The sediment recovered...
A View from the Bridge: The Role of Anthropological Consultation in the Twenty-First Century (2023)
This is an abstract from the "Collaborative and Community Archaeology" session, at the 88th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Many Indigenous groups that underwent the deleterious effects of colonialism and forced acculturation are now in the process of repatriating their traditional knowledge and culture and reclaiming their unique identities, social structures, and governance. In Canada, this process of self-determination is within the context of the United Nations...
Village Aggregation and Early Cultural Developments on the Canadian Plateau: a case study from Keatley Creek (2017)
Understanding when and under what conditions aggregation into larger communities with large corporate house organizations, socioeconomic inequalities and specialized ritual structures occurred has been a central theoretical issue in various regions of archaeological investigations. Perhaps the biggest bone of contention in current theorising is whether these transitions occur when hunter/gatherers accepted claims to privilege on the part of some individuals by consensus to deal with community...
Village Life in the Barracks (2013)
Fort Wellington, in Prescott, Ontario, Canada was a major British post in the 19th century. The large blockhouse-type barracks in it was served by a separate wooden latrine building, built in 1838. Parks Canada archaeologists excavated the interior of the latrine, and discovered that it had been used for dumping refuse for most of its existence. Material culture researchers studied the artifacts, and found that life in the barracks was much different from what it had been thought to be. Working...
"We lived there for the food": Archaeologies of Dalk Gyilakyaw, home of the Gitsm'geelm (Kitsumkalum) Tsimshian (2017)
The Gitsm’geelm are a galts’ap (community) of the Tsimshian Nation. Today, Kitsumkalum is located at the confluence of the Kalum and Skeena Rivers. There are a number of documented archaeology sites in the core territorial lands, down the Skeena River to the coast where Gitsm’geelm people hold various types of resource use sites. Dałk Gyilakyaw (Robin Town), a large terraced village site replete with evidence of maintained gardens, orchards and distinct archaeological features, is located at the...
What Have We Done, What Are We Doing, and Where Are We Going with Overseas Chinese Archaeology? (2015)
According to this session’s organizers there is no dominant Overseas Chinese narrative, but rather one characterized by diversity. They perceive this diversity as a strength and seek to highlight the range of both Chinese experiences and recent archaeological approaches to their lives. Papers address topics ranging from lifeways of urban merchants to healthcare practices of rural railroad workers, consumer habits of Chinatown residents, and the role of burned sites in creating highly politicized...
What makes us beat? Toward a heart-centered practice in archaeological research (2017)
Within the discipline of archaeology, we conventionally employ rational, science-based analyses to examine ancient cultures. Yet the lives of archaeological practitioners, contemporary descent communities, and the ancient peoples we study, are more than just minds and bodies. In this paper, we outline a framework for a heart-centered archaeological practice that draws from foundational literature on feminist, indigenous, and community-based archaeologies. We posit that a heart-centered...
What We See, What We Don’t See: Spatial Data Quality in Large Digital Archaeological Collections (2019)
This is an abstract from the "Archaeological Vision in the Age of Big Data" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. In an era of cyber-infrastructures, large digital archaeological collections have the potential to enable deep insights into human history. Yet the life of digital archaeological data post-field recovery is not well understood, and consequently, issues of spatial data quality in large digital archaeological collections have been...
"Where France Meets North America": A View from Anse à Bertrand, Saint-Pierre et Miquelon (2018)
Saint-Pierre et Miquelon, long viewed as a peripheral French settlement was in fact essential to colonial expansion throughout the Atlantic World. Indeed, the historic salt-cod fisheries constitute one of the oldest persistent landscapes to hold economic significance for European nations in the New World. Saint-Pierre et Miquelon represents a unique facet within this maritime landscape considering it was seasonally occupied at the beginning of the 17th century and that it would become the only...
"The White North Has Thy Bones": Sir John Franklin's 1845 Expedition and the Loss of HMS Erebus and HMS Terror (2016)
The hunt for Sir John Franklin's lost ships HMS Erebus and HMS Terror is arguably the longest shipwreck search in history. As a story the 1845 Franklin expedition seemingly has it all: two state-of-the-art ships and experienced Royal Navy men vanishing barely without a trace, a life and death struggle for survival in an unforgiving environment, cannibalism, dogged contemporary searches, and fascinating stories from indigenous Inuit who both witnessed the expedition's demise and went aboard and...
Who Speaks for the Archaeological Record?: A Media Analysis of Canadian Archaeology (2016)
Archaeology is often conducted under the pretense of being to protect archaeological resources for the good of the general public; however, it is not always clear how archaeological excavations and research serve the public interest. There are many examples of how the Canadian public is interested in the archaeological discipline, but the voice of the academic archaeologist is often absent within public discussions of archaeology and history. By conducting a media analysis of how archaeology is...
Why "Chinese Diaspora" Is More Than Just An Ethnic Label (2016)
Some scholars, myself included, have recently argued in favour of a shift from "Overseas Chinese" to "Chinese Diaspora" as the most appropriate name for our field of study. But are we simply substituting one interchangeable ethnic label for another in accordance with intellectual trends? I argue that the term "diaspora" can potentially unite our disparate research interests because it brings with it a valuable body of theory that helps us understand the process of overseas Chinese migration and...
"Women Smoking Leather": Identifying Women and Their Ethnicity at Fort Selkirk. (2015)
Fort Selkirk served as a small subarctic fur trade post for the Hudson’s Bay Company (HBC) in central Yukon from 1848-1852. The company’s priority was the trade of European goods in exchange for furs trapped and hunted by Northern Tutchone and other Indigenous groups in the region. A review of Fort Selkirk journal records indicates the fort employed and housed a pluralistic population which included British, Indigenous and Metis men who worked as clerks, labourers and meat hunters. Mostly...
The Wreck of HMS Erebus: A Fieldwork and Research Update (2020)
This is an abstract from the session entitled "The Wrecks of HMS Erebus and HMS Terror National Historic Site of Canada: 2016-2019 Underwater Archaeological Investigations" , at the 2020 annual meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology. HMS Erebus is situated amongst islands and reefs in Wilmot and Crampton Bay, off the west side of the Adelaide Peninsula, Nunavut. Since the wreck’s discovery in 2014, Parks Canada’s Underwater Archaeology Team has completed a multi-year site...
The Wreck of HMS Terror (2020)
This is an abstract from the session entitled "The Wrecks of HMS Erebus and HMS Terror National Historic Site of Canada: 2016-2019 Underwater Archaeological Investigations" , at the 2020 annual meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology. This paper will present a preliminary archaeological examination of the wreck of HMS Terror, discovered in September 2016, in the aptly (but coincidentally) named Terror Bay, along the southwestern shore of King William Island, Nunavut. To date, Parks...
A Zooarchaeological Analysis of Housepit 54 at the Bridge River Site (EeRl1), Middle Fraser B.C. (2017)
Housepit 54 at the Bridge River pithouse village in south-central British Columbia provides a glimpse into the complex cultural practices that occurred at this area in the past. This village, which includes approximately 80 semi-subterranean structures, was occupied during four periods, approximately 1800-1600 cal. B.P. (BR 1), 1600-1300 cal. B.P. (BR 2), 1300-1000 cal. B.P. (BR 3), and 610-45 cal. B.P (BR 4), firmly placing the site within both a historic and a pre-Colonial context. It is...
Zooarchaeological Evidence of Dietary Impacts from Contact at Maima, Jamaica (2016)
Recent field research at the Taino village of Maima on the north coast of Jamaica has revealed a complex late prehistoric and contact era village settlement. Occupied during the late prehistoric era, Maima was impacted by Columbus and his crew when they were stranded on the island for a year in 1503. After that initial contact, the villagers were forced into labour at the nearby Spanish settlement of Sevilla la Nueva. Faunal evidence, including shell and vertebrate bone, show that the impact...