North America (Geographic Keyword)
2,026-2,050 (3,610 Records)
Excavations at colonial Brunswick and Civil War era Fort Anderson by Stanley South in the 1950s and 1960s were designed to make their shared footprint into a public historic park. Historical data and the artifacts uncovered through his excavations formed the initial interpretations. While this data was documented in field reports and select other venues, such as CHSA presentations in the 1960s and Method and Theory (1977), the publication of Archaeology at Colonial Brunswick (2010) largely...
Looking for Data in All the Right Places: Recreating the Enslaved Community at Mount Vernon (2016)
At his death in 1799, George Washington recorded 318 enslaved people at Mount Vernon. This number does not reflect the numbers of individuals who worked the property during the entire tenure of the Washington family from 1735 – 1858, and it does not begin to address individuals enslaved on the numerous properties owned by Washington or the vast acreage he administered on behalf of the Custis family. To better understand the lives of all those enslaved individuals, Mount Vernon’s digital...
Looking for the La Bahia at Fanthorp Inn State Historic Site in Anderson, Grimes County, Texas (2018)
The La Bahia was believed to have passed in front of the Inn. Investigations never located the illusive trace. Plans to expand the parking lot created an opportunity to look on the northeast side; the backdoor to the Inn and dining room. Background research revealed that the Fanthorp’s residence was at the front of the Inn. If travelers departed the stagecoach at the front door they would have traipsed through the Fanthorps living space to get to the dining area. While many guests stayed at the...
Looking Through The Eyes Of The Archaeologist (2017)
A primary goal of the Fort St. Joseph Archaeological Project is to ensure the community’s education and engagement with the investigation and interpretation of an eighteenth-century mission, garrison, and trading post in present day Niles, Michigan. This paper discusses how archaeologists, community members, and online viewers experience the site from a first person perspective. Throughout the 2016 field season, we filmed hours of point-of-view footage using two Go-Pro cameras to show the ways...
Looking Through the Glass: Identification and Analysis of Glass Bottles Recovered from a Campus Trash Dump (2016)
Since its establishment in 1827, Lindenwood University has been a central location for educating young women. Modern-day excavations of an historic campus trash dump have yielded a selection of glass bottles and bottle shards that can be identified for their cosmetic, medicinal, and educational applications for the girls who attended the university during the early twentieth century. Socio-economic information, such as the place of origin and price of the bottles’ contents, will contribute to...
Looted Artifacts, Lost History (2013)
The looting of archaeological sites is not new. However, the glamorization of finding and selling artifacts has reached a larger audience through recent American television shows such as Spike TV’s "American Digger" and National Geographic’s "Diggers" which illustrate the unscientific removal and sale of cultural materials. While federal and state laws protect sites on public land, sites on private property are less safeguarded. In states such as Texas, which is 95% privately...
Looted Delights: An Investigation of Integrity at a Looted Lumber Camp (2016)
Archaeologists have long bemoaned the effects looting has on archaeological sites, declaring that once a site has been looted it no longer holds the integrity necessary for study. This maybe too hasty of an assumption, under the right conditions, a great deal can be learned from a looted site. Coalwood, a former lumber town in Michigan’s Upper Peninsula provides an optimal case study to evaluate the effects of looting. As the victim of heavy looting activity since the 1960’s and with a short...
Loss of British Tanker Mirlo Revisited: New Considerations Regarding the Vessel's Loss of the North Carolina Coast during the First World War (2017)
On 16 August, 1918, British tanker Mirlo was lost near Wimble Shoals, off the North Carolina Outer Banks. Of the vessels 52 crew, only 10 were lost as a result of one of the most dramatic rescues in US Coast Guard history. Despite the well-known story of the rescue operation, the precise cause of the tanker’s demise remains unknown, as does the vessel’s final resting place. Review of historical documents regarding the vessel’s construction and armament provide new details which shed light on the...
Lost and Found: Using Historical Records and Archaeological Survey to Rediscover a Historic Stamp Mill (2018)
One of the many gold mining interests of Fairbanks, Alaska pioneer Tom Gilmore was a custom gold processing mill on Fairbanks Creek. The 5-stamp Allis Chalmers mill was unique to the district when it was installed in 1915. After his death in 1932, Gilmore’s widow continued custom milling operations. The Gilmore Mill was lost to history because the nearby McCarty Mill had been misidentified as the Gilmore Mill in a Fairbanks historic buildings inventory and repeated by multiple sources. This...
Lost at Sea: The Archival and Archaeological Investigation of Two Submerged F8F Bearcats (2018)
Naval Air Station (NAS) Pensacola, renowned as the ‘Cradle of Naval Aviation’, has been a fundamental pilot training facility for the U.S. Navy since its establishment in 1914. Soon after, World War I ensured aviation would remain an important aspect of U.S. naval warfare, and lead to increased influx of prospective aviation cadets at NAS Pensacola. The next several decades of training led to hundreds of training accidents, some of which resulted in the loss of naval aircraft in waters offshore...
Lost in Action, Navy's Missing Training and Experimental Aircraft: A NAS Pax River Case Study (2018)
As part of NAS Pax Rivers heritage management responsibilities, Naval History and Heritage Command's Underwater Archaeology Branch (NHHC UAB) and partner entities have been conducting remote sensing surveys in the Chesapeake Bay and surrounding waters since 2015 in order to find its missing aircraft from the early 1940s and 1950s. Several were lost at the advent of WWII as part of experimental testing, which lead to advancements in aircraft capabilities and flight safety. This paper will...
Lost Legacy: The Search for a Descendant Community (2018)
Catoctin Furnace is a community at the base of the Catoctin Mountains in Frederick County, Maryland, that descends from a thriving iron-working village. From the furnace’s foundation in 1776, European immigrants and enslaved African-Americans comprised its labor force, producing the iron tools and armaments that powered a growing nation until the furnace’s demise in 1903. From the Revolution until the mid-19th century, the iron furnace and associated agrarian enterprises relied primarily on the...
Lost Lightnin’: Moonshine in the American Southeast in the Archaeological Record (2018)
Moonshine stills are commonly discovered during archaeological surveys and excavations across the American South, where moonshine production holds historical economic importance. Stills are recorded occasionally, but little investigative research is done because of a prevailing assumption that they offer nothing of historical significance. I seek to demonstrate that this assumption is not correct. My major objectives include establishing a chronology and typology of stills, identifying...
Lost Somewhere in the Middle-Range: Current Trends in North American Archaeology (1997)
More than thirty years have passed since the ideas of New Archaeology swept through the discipline. Since then, archaeologists have made many advances in archaeological methods and theory. Reviewing the present literature, however, I question if the current trends in North American archaeology are still a part of the New Archaeology’s research program. In this paper I first review the developmental stages that New Archaeology has gone through, and then suggest where American archaeology stands...
Lost to the Minefield: The Wreck of F.W. Abrams off Cape Hatteras, NC (2017)
The U.S. Merchant Marine provided a necessary supply line to Allied troops through the entirety of WWII. In June 1942, the crude oil tanker F.W. Abrams fell victim to the Hatteras minefield, a defensive mechanism meant to protect U.S. merchant vessels. The ship struck three mines before sinking just off the coast of Ocracoke Island, North Carolina. In May 2016, the Battle of the Atlantic Research Expedition Group began a Phase I survey of the site, primarily to corroborate or compare to...
A Lot Harder Than It Looks: Conservation Of A Worst Case Scenario (2017)
Piecing together and conserving weathered timber skeletons of shipwrecks is a daunting undertaking in the best of circumstances. But, when those timbers are ripped from their resting place during a massive construction project, displaced, left exposed to the elements and general public, for weeks before being locked away, untreated, in storage for over a year, that undertaking can become a near impossible challenge. In the flurry of massive multi-agency infrastructure projects undertaken to...
Low Water Bankline Survey of the Rice Plantation Landscape (2016)
As part of the Savannah Harbor Expansion Project, the Savannah district will construct a number of mitigation features to compensate for adverse environmental impacts. Panamerican Consultants conducted both terrestrial and submerged investigations within the Savannah River estuary. A large component of the overall project was a low water bankline survey of Steamboat Slough, as well as Middle and Little Back Rivers, which recorded a total of 116 sites. Associated with the rice plantation...
Low-cost System for Image-Based 3D Documentation in Archaeology (2015)
The paper presents an image-based scene reconstruction algorithm for the 3D documentation of a lighter boat from the Gold Rush Era. It follows the structure-from-motion approach and uses low-cost equipment that is part of the standard documentation procedure at an archaeological site---a digital camera and a total station. Points measured with the total station are used to transform the model into the projected coordinate systems used at the excavation site such that measuring and...
Lowcountry Livestock Production: Eighteenth-Century Cattle Husbandry at Drayton Hall (2017)
The Proprietors of colonial South Carolina had wanted the colonists to be "planters and not graziers." However, the mild winters of South Carolina and the abundant range-lands were perfect for livestock production, and the livestock industry soon provided the financial foundation for many colonists to be planters as well as graziers. Utilizing faunal evidence from eighteenth-century assemblages from Drayton Hall, this paper explores the changing cattle husbandry strategies employed...
Lowcountry Urban Landscapes in the Greater British Caribbean (2018)
Archaeologists and architectural historians have long argued that Charleston’s Town Houses and urban landscapes were social stages for the Lowcountry’s gentry classes. But beyond their roles as socio-cultural theaters, cities and town played myriad economic, symbolic, and defensive roles in early modern colonial society. The challenge is understanding the intersection of these interpretive themes as realized through material cultural and the built environment. To begin to formulate more...
Luck Plays a Vital Role in Archaeology: The Story of the Fishing Schooner Frances Geraldine (2013)
Southeastern Archaeological Research, Inc. conducted an archaeological investigation of an unknown shipwreck in the Sabine River, Louisiana. A little luck and persistent research identified the shipwreck as the Frances Geraldine, the last schooner built for the Lunenburg, Nova Scotia fishing fleet. The famed shipyard of Smith & Rhuland (builders of the racing fishing schooner Bluenose) constructed the Frances Geraldine in 1944. The Frances Geraldine spent the majority of her career in the...
Lumbee Problem: the Making of an American Indian People (1980)
This resource is a citation record only, the Center for Digital Antiquity does not have a copy of this document. The information in this record has been migrated into tDAR from the National Archaeological Database Reports Module (NADB-R) and updated. Most NADB-R records consist of a document citation and other metadata but do not have the documents themselves uploaded. If you have a digital copy of the document and would like to have it curated in tDAR, please contact us at comments@tdar.org.
Luna by Land and Sea: Public Outreach at America’s First European Settlement (2017)
The people of Pensacola have long been proud of their connection with the 1559 Tristán de Luna expedition and to the earliest European multi-year settlement of the United States. The recent discovery of Luna’s colony site on land, together with the ongoing excavation of ships associated with his wrecked fleet, has stimulated renewed public interest and excitement in the community’s heritage. Archaeologists with the University of West Florida and its(?)theFlorida Public Archaeology Network work...
The Luna Expedition: An Overview from the Documents (2017)
The 1559-1561 expedition of Tristán de Luna was the largest and most well-financed Spanish attempt to colonize southeastern North America up to that time. Had it succeeded, New Spain would have expanded to include a settled terrestrial route from the northern Gulf of Mexico to the lower Atlantic coast. While a hurricane left most of the fleet and the colony’s food stores on the bottom of Pensacola Bay just five weeks after arrival, the colonists nonetheless struggled to survive over the next...
The Luxury Of Cold: The Natural Ice Industry In Boca, California: 1868-1927 (2017)
Before the invention of refrigeration and artificial ice, naturally harvested ice was an important seasonal commodity for food storage and heat regulation. In 1852, Boston ice was shipped to San Francisco and sold as a luxury. Shortly thereafter, high demand led entrepreneurs to create ice companies in the Sierra Nevada Mountains along the newly-completed transcontinental railroad. The railroad could transport ice to customers, and utilized it to ship perishable food items over long distances...