North America (Geographic Keyword)
2,101-2,125 (3,610 Records)
The physical landscape of the Florida Keys and its associated reef tract has forced a series of unique adaptations to manage the risk of utilizing the area. The study of human adaptation and modification of the area through the progress of systematic survey, the establishment of an Aids to Navigation (ATON) network, and the further development of maritime infrastructure could be interpreted as a means to measure human exploration and utilization of the maritime frontier. Furthermore, it...
Mapping the Mines, Part 1: Terrestrial LiDAR (2018)
Digital mapping is the trending technology for just about any archaeological fieldwork project. While many universities (and their impassioned students) have access to this new technology and can play with it ad nauseam, its introduction to CRM projects is not as forthcoming as some would like (including CRM practitioners and nascent drone companies). Like all emerging technologies, questions abound about which technology to use, effective application for the task at hand, and most importantly,...
Mapping the Mines, Part 2: UAS Application (2018)
The use of unmanned aerial systems (aka drones) as part of archaeological survey is becoming more common. This approach holds promise for visually describing the complexity of mining landscapes at a level of detail not available to most aerial imagery. However, the methods and resulting data generated with this approach require closer scrutiny. The variety of technological options available for both the UAS, and for post-processing software, creates difficulty in developing a consistent approach...
Mapping the Path to Preservation: Integrating community and research at the Newtown and Chemung Battlefields (2016)
The inclusion of community is vital for the protection of historic sites. However, issues related to present day property rights, economic development, and historic struggles can present obstacles for integrating communities into a preservation project. The Revolutionary War’s Sullivan-Clinton campaign involves a complex history centered on the violent conflict between Haudenosaunee (Iroquois), Delaware, and Continental forces. Historic tensions between the Haudenosaunee and the American and...
Mapping the Sacramento River in 1837 (2018)
The Sacramento River as it flows through the Carquinez Straits into San Francisco Bay is an imposing body of water. Ocean going ships could sail a considerable ways upstream. Whereas early Spanish explorers provided rough, schematic maps of the river as far back as 1824, the first professional mapping was accomplished by surveyors aboard HMS Sulphur, commanded by Captain Edward Belcher in 1837. However, the map resulting from this survey was never published. Recent research at the United Kingdom...
Mapping Town Formation: Precision, Accuracy, and Memory (2013)
The archaeology of town formation is often guided by the use of historic maps; regional maps narrow down the location of lost towns, and local maps match archaeological finds to documented structures. The Port Tobacco Archaeological Project used both regional and local maps to interpret one 60-acre town site, with mixed results. Are the Native American deposits the remnants of Captain John Smith's Potopaco? Do the identified foundations correspond to the buildings on historic maps? Precision...
Marginalizing the Native: An Exploration of the Influence of Alcohol on Native-French Politics during the 17th-19th Century Fur Trade (2015)
From the late 17th to the mid-19th century, Native American and French communities have engaged in dynamic and extensive trade relations. Alcohol became a significant factor that was both heavily exploited and employed during these exchanges. The trade and consumption of alcohol caused a radical change in the way these two peoples interacted. By exploring patterns in the variation of alcohol use at both Native and French sites and employing ethnohistorical data from additional sites in northern...
Marine Turtle Consumption at the 17th Century Site of Port Royal, Jamaica (2017)
The 17th century city of Port Royal, Jamaica was one of the most economically important English ports in the New World. Inhabiting the south side of the island, this defensive fortification protected the entrance to Kingston Harbour. It is well documented that 17th and 18th century ships stopping at this economic center would often provision by hunting marine turtles. Sold at the west market on High Street in Port Royal, these animals were also consumed locally. This paper aims to identify the...
Mariners' Maladies: Examining Medical Equipage From The Queen Anne's Revenge Shipwreck (2015)
Treating the sick and injured of a sea-bound community on shipboard was challenging in the best of times. Chronic and periodic illnesses, wounds, amputations, toothaches, burns and other indescribable maladies of the crew, captain, and enslaved cargo had to be treated. Evidence of the tools used to heal the sick and wounded has been recovered from shipwreck 31CR314, identified as Blackbeard's Queen Anne's Revenge (formerly La Concorde, a French slaver). Excavations by NC Department of Cultural...
The Maritime Archaeology of Slave Ships: Overview, Assessment and Prospectus (2016)
In one of the most consequential historical processes in global history, over a period of approximately 300 years, more than 12 million enslaved persons were stolen from their homelands in Africa and forcibly placed in the new world. The maritime technology utilized for this shameful trade developed rapidly driven by market forces, while the physical characteristics of ships designed to transport slaves changed over time due to economic, cultural and historical constraints. This presentation...
Maritime Archaeology on Middle Georgia Rivers, USA (2013)
This paper will discuss research into the maritime history of the three major rivers of the Middle Georgia region. These include the Flint, Ocmulgee, and Oconee Rivers. The aspects addressed will include prehistoric and historic fish weirs and dugout canoes, as well as 18th, 19th, and 20th century poleboats, steamboats, ferries, barges, and other inland watercraft. A summary of fieldwork in the region since 2005 will also be included.
A Maritime Context For Richmond And Environs; Assessment And Recommendations For Future Study (2016)
The Fall Line at Virginia's James River has drawn people from throughout human history to take advantage of the river's resources for sustenance, transportation and industry and figures in Richmond's establishment and growth over time.Often portrayed as one of North America's most historic waterways, the James' tidewater intersection with the uplands at Richmond has a maritime identity that is not often recognized. Much of the river's historic cultural landscape has been eroded by natural and...
MaritimeArchaeology.com: A community-based platform for underwater archaeology (2015)
The Internet is a public outreach tool and integral part of developing research collaborations. Unfortunately, the Internet is inundated with pseudo-archaeology and treasure hunters discussing underwater cultural heritage. These websites turn up alongside professional websites in search engine results, making it difficult to locate reliable information. Traditionally, archaeologists have built websites independently of each other with the result of many professional websites having poor search...
Marked on the Landscape: The African American Experience at Clover Bottom Plantation (2016)
This paper presents a study of Clover Bottom’s extant outbuildings and historic dwellings in relation to excavated artifact concentrations and architectural features in order to expand our understanding of the plantation landscape from the perspective of its African American majority. Vernacular architectural research presents clues to dates of construction and shifting building functions over time. Informed by primary descriptions of the property, the study of spatial relationships and lines of...
The Market on the Edge: Production, Consumption, and Recycling in Winter Houses of Transhumant Euro-Newfoundlanders (2016)
While the nineteenth century transformed North America through explosive growth in industrialization and consumerism, growth in Newfoundland, one of Europe’s oldest overseas colonies, was constrained by its harsh climate. Much like in centuries earlier, industrial-era Newfoundlanders continued to rely on its one fickle and seasonal resource – cod. To mitigate the erratic nature of this aquatic mono-crop, many rural Euro-Newfoundlanders participated in a form of transhumance spending up to six or...
Markets, Churches, Piers, & Foundries: Some of the Patterns of Everyday Life in Late-19th-Century San Francisco. (2016)
The everyday paths and patterns of late-19th-century San Franciscans brought them to a variety of businesses, workplaces, and institutions. This paper will use the archaeological and historical data from a series of domestic sites located in the South of Market Neighborhood in San Francisco to trace these paths throughout the city. Using an analysis of the local products, the schools, institutions, and workplaces, this paper seeks to shed light on the lives of working-class San Franciscans. In...
Marking the Unmarked: The Confluence of Community Archaeology and Ground Penetrating Radar at the Hunts Point Slave Burial Ground, Bronx, NY (2018)
The 2010 discovery in a New York museum of a photograph labeled "Slave burying ground, Hunts Point Road," launched a Bronx elementary school's innovative preliminary research project leading to the identification of the unmarked and forgotten burial ground’s possible location. The City Parks Department subsequently initiated a documentary and Ground Penetrating Radar study that confirmed the enslaved burials to be segregated across the roadway from the 18th-century burial ground of the Hunt,...
Marley Brown, the Golden Horseshoe, and African Diaspora Archaeology (2015)
Marley Brown is little recognized for the tremendous role he played in mentoring those of us who, with his support and encouragement, pursued research on the African diaspora. It wasn’t his style to seek the spotlight, and he was far more concerned with social justice and the positive growth of the discipline which he considered to be inseparable issues. Brown not only opened doors for many of us, he served as a critical sounding board for our fledgling ideas and was generous with his advice. In...
Marley Brown: The View From Maryland (2015)
When I first met Marley Brown, I thought, what a character. Some thirty years later, Marley is still a character who has made major contributions to Chesapeake historical archaeology. During his tenure as director of CW’s department of archaeological research, Marley expanded the program’s focus to include sites along the James and York rivers, building a spatial and temporal context that has served all of us working in the region, including those of us in Maryland. Marley’s refreshing...
The Marley R. Brown School of Archaeology or the Hero’s Quest in California (2015)
Marley had a way of making a bad first impression. So it’s odd that neither Adrian nor I can remember when or where we all met. Marley followed Jim Deetz out West in the late 1970s. While Jim inspired students, Marley did battle with regulators and the under-informed from his job at Interagency Archaeological Services. Our boss David Fredrickson probably performed the introduction. Marley knew theory like no one else and we could find our way around any archaeological site. We had a brief and...
Marley, Polly, and Me: Reflections on Archaeology and Social Relations (2015)
Since the 1980s, the archaeological study of African Americans has moved from the periphery to the center of research and interpretive initiatives at Colonial Williamsburg. For over two decades, Marley Brown directed the museum’s archaeological program and worked tirelessly to build teamwork and foster ties among individuals of different racial and ethnic groups. To highlight Brown’s contributions to the field of African American Archaeology, I use interpretations from my study of the...
Maroons And The Underground Railroad In The Great Dismal Swamp During The Antebellum (2015)
The Great Dismal Swamp Landscape Study has focused on the lives of Maroons living in the Great Dismal Swamp during the 17th and 18th centuries. In addition, the Great Dismal Swamp was arguably both a destination and channel for the Underground Railroad. Cultural transformations that took place at the start of the 19th century and the role of the Great Dismal Swamp in the UGRR demonstrate concepts of agency in different relationalities, including personhood, materiality and fields of action. ...
The MARTA Archaeological Collection: An Example Of An Innovative Cross-Disciplinary Project (2016)
Large historical collections of cultural data are difficult to maintain and utilize due to sustainable accessibility, funding, curation, and interest. At Georgia State University we have an archaeological collection procured in the late 1970s from the construction of the MARTA rail line. This paper discusses our efforts to make this collection more than a resource for archaeological research. Collaborative interdepartmental projects have given the collection new life by engaging students and...
The Maryland Archaeological Synthesis Project: One State’s Solution to Archaeology’s Crushing Gray Literature Problem (2016)
Since passage of the National Historic Preservation Act a growing body of valuable data has been generated by state agencies, CRM professionals, and preservation officers. Unfortunately, this data is usually trapped in an archaic paper-based format, restricted geographically to a single state archive. All too often the data is brought to light only to be "reburied" in the SHPO’s library where it may be largely inaccessible to researchers scattered throughout the country. This paper describes how...
Masculine Mis/apprehensions: Race, Place, and Gender at Harvard’s Colonial Indian College (2016)
This paper considers intersecting identities of gender, race, religion, age, and status in early America, centering on the colonial Harvard Indian College—a highly charged masculine setting in the 17th-century Massachusetts Bay Colony. Institutional structures and the material culture of daily life constrained masculinity for Native American and English members of the early Harvard community while establishing education as a trope of patriarchal power. Young men adopted intensely religious lives...