North America (Geographic Keyword)
976-1,000 (3,610 Records)
Appalachia has been represented problematically for the past 150 years: Appalachians are the homogenous, white ‘Other’ in a backward land of isolated hillbillies living in opposition to the American mainstream. Such characterizations have been revitalized since the 2016 election to explain Appalachia’s ‘cycle of self-inflicted ills,’ to justify exploitation, and to obfuscate underlying structural factors. Archaeologists in Appalachia have unique input about its materiality, identity, and...
Discovered Repeatedly: A "Newcomers" Archeological Evaluation of Pacific Reef Wreck (2017)
Home to over one hundred submerged archeological sites, Biscayne National Park sits at the northern end of the Florida Reef. As part of the Park’s ongoing efforts to study, interpret, and stabilize submerged resources threatened by intensified storm activity and looting, National Park Service personnel excavated the remains of a mid-nineteenth century composite ship during the summer of 2016. Colloquially termed "Pacific Reef Wreck" by treasure hunter Marty Meylach, the site has been the target...
Discoveries of Nautical Chart Making: NOAA Ship Fairweather - 2012 Arctic Region Expedition (2013)
The NOAA Ship Fairweather is a hydrographic survey vessel that collects multi-beam bathymetry and side scan sonar data to produce today’s nautical charts which aid in the safe navigation of vessels along the Coast of Alaska, through the Bering Sea and into the Arctic Region. These types of cutting edge technologies are not only used to produce nautical charts, but are also methods utilized in nautical archaeology to discover historic shipwrecks. This paper discusses the findings and methods used...
Discovering Archaeology Through Video Games: A Non-Archeologist’s Enlightenment (2017)
Gamers interact with the past, present and future of the archeological world regularly, whether they realize it or not. We can experience the past through tools, clothes and weapons. We embark on virtual quests to recover cultural treasures from fictional peoples and worlds. We can even see all the efforts that archaeologists have made over the years in these games, depicted in the landscapes and characters of our favorite virtual worlds. Indeed, video games and the systems we play them on are...
Discovering Camp Guernsey: An African American Civilian Conservation Corps Camp (2024)
This is an abstract from the "New and Emerging Geophysical and Geospatial Research in the National Parks" session, at the 89th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. The Midwest Archeological Center (MWAC) of the National Park Service has completed the initial stages of identifying the hitherto undocumented Camp Guernsey, a segregated, African American Civilian Conservation Corps camp in Senecaville, Ohio. Using lidar and minimal ground truthing, MWAC staff, in collaboration...
Discovering Leetown: A Small Hamlet’s Role in the Battle of Pea Ridge and Beyond. (2018)
Leetown, a nineteenth century hamlet now within Pea Ridge Military Park in Northwest Arkansas was investigated during the University of Arkansas’ summer 2017 field school. The preliminary study of Leetown was a cooperative effort between the University of Arkansas, the Arkansas Archeological Survey, and National Park Service’s Midwest Archeological Center. The goal of both the geophysical and excavations were to identify what buildings and roads were located in the hamlet―from the Civil War...
Discovering San Antón de Carlos: the Sixteenth Century Spanish Buildings and Fortifications of Mound Key, Capital of the Calusa (2018)
In 1566, Pedro de Menéndez de Aviles arrived at the capital of the Calusa kingdom. During that same year Menéndez issued the order to construct fort San Antón de Carlos, which was occupied until 1569. This fort was also the location of the first Jesuit mission (1567) in what is now the United States. We now can confirm, what archaeologists and historians suspected, that the location of the fort and the capital of the Calusa was the site of Mound Key (8LL2), located in Estero Bay in southwestern...
Discovering the Blue Ridge Exploradores: Celebrating Thirty Years of Public Engagement at the Berry Site (2017)
Juan Pardo and his men arrived in western North Carolina 450 years ago hoping to establish an overland route from the capital of Spanish Florida at Santa Elena (Parris Island, SC) to the silver mines of Zacatecas, Mexico. Excavations at one of the Pardo-established forts (known as Fort San Juan, Joara, and the Berry Site) began in 1986. Public engagement has been a key component from the first field season. This paper will discuss the evolving role outreach has played in the continuing...
Discovery and Investigation of the Luna Settlement (2017)
The unexpected 2015 discovery of the Tristán de Luna y Arellano settlement (1559-1561) overlooking two Luna shipwrecks in Pensacola Bay has expanded research directions and public outreach by University of West Florida (UWF) archaeologists. Working in an established Pensacola neighborhood, UWF archaeologists have found diagnostic 16th century Spanish artifacts (Spanish ceramics, Aztec ceramics, wrought nails, armor, weapons, personal items, trade beads) across at least eight city blocks. Intact...
The Discovery of the Monterrey Shipwrecks: A Find by Design (2015)
Roughly 200 years ago, three sailing ships met apparently violent ends in the northern Gulf of Mexico nearly 320 kilometers southeast of Galveston, crashing to the bottom over 1300 meters below. The three ships were very different: one likely a topsail schooner, fast and armed; one a small merchantman, its hold packed with bales of hides; and the third, the largest, empty of cargo, but sheathed in copper and possibly outfitted for a transatlantic voyage. These three vessels were among the...
The "Discovery" of the Spanish Sea: First Encounters and Early Impressions (2016)
Today, the Gulf of Mexico is known for its abundant marine life, seafood industries, offshore oil and gas development, and as ground zero for the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in 2010. To the first Spanish expeditions that "discovered" and explored this immense water body in the 16th century, the Gulf was an enigmatic sea. Spain’s earliest attention focused on establishing ports and settlements along the southern Gulf coast and Caribbean islands to consolidate control in the New World. As the...
Discussion (2013)
Discussion
The Dish Ran Away with the Spoon: Revisiting Unprovenienced Food Ways Artifacts from the Spanish Fleet Wrecks of Eighteenth Century Florida (2017)
The Spanish empire was the first European power to establish permanent settlements on several Caribbean islands and coasts of North America, that flourished as New World colonies and facilitated prosperous trade between the New and Old Worlds. The distance between Spain and the colonies led to differences in the lifestyles and customs of these frontier spaces. Archaeological investigations both on land and underwater have yielded numerous pieces of material culture, reflecting Spanish life and...
Displacement and Adjustment among the Piscataway in Colonial Maryland and Pennsylvania, 1680-1743 (2018)
This paper examines the assemblages of three sequentially occupied sites related to the displacement and northward migration of the Piscataway from their southern Maryland homeland between 1680 and 1743. These collections provide evidence for the group’s adjustments to new physical and social terrains encountered in dislocation. Although historical records document Piscataway efforts to distance themselves from the encroachment and harassment of English colonists by vacating their ancestral...
Displacement, Memory, and Community Heritage Work in the Old City of Acre (Israel) (2018)
In 2001, the Old City of Acre, a Palestinian quarter of the mixed Jewish-Palestinian municipality of Acre in northern Israel, was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site and state projects are underway to transform the Crusader and Ottoman-era landscape into a tourist attraction. This research asks how residents, most of whom belong to internally displaced families of 1948, are navigating the state heritage project. Memories of displacement and of the relative safety and autonomy found in the...
Disregarded Ritual: A Critical Reassessment of North American Subterranean Features (2018)
This paper critically reassesses the use of subterranean features among prehistoric Native Americans of North America. A survey of the archaeological and ethnographic literature suggests that pre-historic Native Americans used subterranean features in a ritual context, although the ritual component is rarely acknowledged directly. The significance of the features becomes apparent when the context, mainly construction and artifact deposition, is considered. Many of these subterranean features...
Disrupted Identities and Frontier Forts: Enlisted men and officers at Fort Lane, Oregon Territory, 1853-1855. (2016)
Frontiers are contingent and dynamic arenas for the negotiation, entrenchment, and innovation of identity. The imposing materiality of fortifications and their prominence in colonial topographies make them ideal laboratories to examine this dynamic. This paper presents the results of large scale excavations in 2011 and 2012 at the officers’ quarters and enlisted men's barracks at Fort Lane, a U.S. Army post used during the Rogue River Wars of southern Oregon from 1853 to 1855. I consider how...
Distributed Remains, Distributed Minds: The Materiality of Autopsy and Dissection (2018)
Excavations at the Milwaukee County Poor Farm Cemetery produced a large subset of burials showing evidence of autopsy and dissection. In addition to the osteological evidence of autopsy and dissection, these burials also contained broken equipment and medical refuse which reflect the medical, pedagogical, and medicolegal procedures in use at the turn of the last century. An incorporated study of these materials is necessary to examine the connection between the practical engagement with...
The Distribution of Cowrie Shells in Colonial Virginia (2013)
Cowrie shells (Cypraea moneta and Cypraea annulus) have been found in historic contexts associated with African enslavement on New World sites in the Caribbean, the American South, the Middle Atlantic, and the Northeast. Historical archaeologists have come to see these tiny shells as generally indicative of African presence and as specific evidence of spirituality at the sites where they are recovered. In this paper, I examine the role of cowrie shells in the global economies of the 17th, 18th,...
Divergent Heritages: Two Case of Labor Conflict (2018)
Ludlow, Colorado and the Pullman neighborhood of Chicago present two contrasting examples of a postindustrial environment. Both were the sites of significant labor conflicts of the 20th century, but their preservations have taken opposite paths. Today Pullman stands as a National Monument and historic district, while Ludlow is a granite memorial in a so-called ghost town. This paper compares both the material aspects of these postindustrial environments and the publics who interact with them....
Divergent Paths: Reflections on Section 106 and the Archaeology of Nostalgia (2018)
For nearly half-a-century Illinois historical archaeologists have been buffeted by changing disciplinary goals, compliance directives, and academic fluxes. Early efforts in the 1920-50s at Lincoln’s New Salem, French Colonial sites, and pioneer sites were classic "handmaidens to history" designed to materialize significant historic events. The focus shifted dramatically with the NHPA and processualistHistoric emphasis in Criteria D on significance resting solely on material remains. Given the...
Diverse Dining: Post-Emancipation Foodways in Antigua, West Indies (2017)
The role of zooarchaeology and foodways in plantation archaeology has aided in teasing out the details of daily life and shifting sociocultural habits during the colonial period. Plantation archaeology has also had a distinct focus on the African diaspora communities. However, the post-Emancipation period complicates the narrative even further as new ethnic communities were brought or drawn to the new labor requirements of plantations at this time. Post-Emancipation Antigua saw an influx of...
Diverse Threats to MAST and its Heritage in Africa : Confronting Historical Amnesia and Salvors; Securing Slim Resources and Social Relevance (2016)
In much of the developing world a triumvirate of treasure hunting, politics, and a lack of technical capacity/resources have skewed portrayals of what maritime history is and why it is meaningful. Shipwreck sites in particular have been promoted as the embodiment of the heritage of "the other" with little local relevance. Treasure hunters accordingly go unchecked in their efforts to recover valuable historical cargos—with detrimental effects for the archaeological inventory. This paper will...
Diversifying Heritage: A Foundation for Democratizing Heritage Production (2024)
This is an abstract from the "Democratizing Heritage Creation: How-To and When" session, at the 89th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Archaeological practice has benefited from including diverse stakeholders in the production of narratives around heritage, which can result in democratizing heritage creation. If done well, it can lead to a more democratic production of knowledge around heritage. Democratization heritage production involves shifting power dynamics in who...
Divided: Material Landscapes of Labor in Nineteenth-Century Baltimore City and County, Maryland (2016)
Like the strikes of the late nineteenth century, especially the Great Railroad Strike of 1877, tensions arising from chronic inequality and marginalization once again led to protests and demonstrations in Baltimore in April 2015. Areas of Baltimore remain alienated along racial and class lines that serve a capitalist process driven by the maximization of profit. This paper examines how this same process resulted in the stratification of immigrant and African American communities in Baltimore...