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During the 16th century Viceroy Toledo ordered a series of reforms in the Viceroyalty of Peru that involved the forced resettlement of the native population into planned nucleated settlements (reducciones). Toledo believed that these standardized built environments, in conjunction with ecclesiastical regulation, would produce idealized colonial communities. This paper presents the initial results of recent excavations in the rectory at Mawchu Llacta, a reducción in the Colca Valley. The rectory...
Recuperando la memoria hidrosocial y arqueológica de la Meseta de Marcahuasi: Un enfoque hacia el desarrollo sostenible en la Sierra de Lima (2024)
This is an abstract from the "Arqueología colaborativa en los Andes: Casos de estudios y reflexiones" session, at the 89th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. En tiempos prehispánicos, las comunidades ubicadas en la Meseta de Marcahuasi (San Pedro de Casta, provincia de Huarochirí, Lima) manejaron las estaciones lluviosas y secas de su territorio mediante el uso de sistemas de siembra y cosecha de agua para el abastecimiento de una sostenible economía agrícola. Con el...
Redefining the “City” during a Time of Risk: The Site of Achanchi and the Chanka Heartland of Andahuaylas, Central Highland Peru (1000–1400 CE) (2024)
This is an abstract from the "Ancient Mesoamerican and Andean Cities: Old Debates, New Perspectives" session, at the 89th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Traditional models of ancient cities have dominated archaeological discourse for nearly a century. This paper seeks to diversify definitions and assumptions regarding ancient cities, especially during periods of heightened economic and social risk. Using the large Late Intermediate Period (1000-1400 CE) ridge-top site...
Redes viales y prácticas de movilidad en los Valles Occidentales meridionales, área Centro Sur Andina (2017)
En este estudio proponemos una reconstrucción de la red vial de los Valles Occidentales meridionales. A partir de un trabajo de analisis e interpretación de imágenes satelitales. Esta red estuvo organizada sobre la base de diez rutas troncales, diecisiete nodos de primer orden y siete de segundo orden. Analizamos el funcionamiento del sistema de senderos, caminos y poblados durante los períodos Intermedio Tardío y Tardío y su relación con prácticas de movilidad diversas y convergentes....
Reevaluating an Offering Cache from Isla La Plata, Ecuador (2019)
This is an abstract from the "Coastal Connections: Pacific Coastal Links from Mexico to Ecuador" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. From the Middle Formative onwards, La Plata Island was gradually incorporated into developing local and regional networks of exchange along the Pacific littoral of Ecuador. The island also became the focus of increasing ritual activity evidenced in the material remains of offerings made on the coastal bluffs and at the...
Reevaluating the end of the Early Intermediate Period on the Peruvian coast from the perspective of the Lima culture (2017)
El fin del Periodo Intermedio Temprano en la arqueología peruana ha sido cronológicamente ubicado alrededor del 600 AD y culturalmente es representado por el final de culturas costeñas como Moche, Lima y Nasca. Alrededor del 600 AD hay evidencia de un evento extraordinariamente fuerte de El Niño, el cual ha sido registrado en sitios arqueológicos desde Piura hasta Lima. Este evento (o eventos), fue anteriormente interpretado como una importante causal de la caída de estas culturas costeñas, sin...
Reevaluating the Pre-Columbian Colonization of the Caribbean using Chronometric Hygiene and Bayesian Modeling (2017)
The timing and pattern of initial human arrival to the Caribbean islands is discontinuous and anomalous, especially considering their proximity to both mainland areas and adjacent islands. With the exception of Trinidad, which was probably colonized ca. 8000 BP—but was connected to mainland South America during the late Pleistocene/early Holocene (and remains close to Venezuela)—some of the Antilles appear to have been colonized quite early ca. 7000-6000 BP, while others were settled centuries...
Refining Architectural Classifications of Preclassic Monumentality at Early Xunantunich, Belize (2017)
The site of Early Xunantunich in Belize provides us with a rare opportunity to conduct large scale investigations of Preclassic architecture due to its lack of Classic Period overburden. Since 2008, ongoing excavations at the site have yielded a wealth of information regarding Preclassic activities in the area. However, recent investigations of a monumental flat-topped platform at the site have illuminated issues with the ways in which we describe and classify these early structures. In this...
Reflectance Transformation Imaging: New Methods in Documenting Preclassic Maya Graffiti from Holtun, Guatemala (2018)
In the late 19th century, explorers identified graffiti etched in stucco walls of residences, palaces, and temples in the Maya Lowlands. By the mid-20th century, scholars acknowledged that the ancient Maya produced these incised images. Today, archaeologists struggle with documenting these instances of graffiti with precision and accuracy, often relying solely on to-scale line drawings to best represent the graffitied image they see before them. These images can be complex, multilayered, and...
Reflections on the Life, Career and Influence of Stephen D. Fretwell (2019)
This is an abstract from the "Fifty Years of Fretwell and Lucas: Archaeological Applications of Ideal Distribution Models" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Steve Fretwell served as a Visiting Maytag Professor at Arizona State University in the Biology Department in 1976-1977. He was a well-published, aspiring young evolutionary ecologist and taught several courses and seminars. I was a first-year graduate student in anthropology at that time and had...
Reflexiones, posibilidades y desafíos de la arqueología colaborativa en el Perú (2024)
This is an abstract from the "Arqueología colaborativa en los Andes: Casos de estudios y reflexiones" session, at the 89th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. ¿Es posible hacer arqueología colaborativa en Perú? De serlo, ¿Cuáles son las características locales de está practica? Debido a movimientos sociales de reivindicación de los derechos de comunidades descendientes, desde la década de 1990 la arqueología colaborativa es tendencia en el mundo anglosajón. Regulaciones y...
Refuge, Frontier, No Man's Land: The Changing Nature of the Andean Cloud Forests (2017)
This paper will consider the Amaybamba Valley of southern Peru as an ecological and political frontier zone, from the late prehistoric era until the early colonial period. The Amaybamba region is a part of the cloud forest zone of the eastern Andean slopes, and is thus located where the highlands rapidly shift into the warm tropical lowlands of Amazonia. It is a region that has a complex and highly variable history, one reflecting its environmental characteristics, but often in unpredictable...
Regional Contexts of Sexual Harassment in the United States: A Comparison of the SEAC and SCA Surveys (2021)
This is an abstract from the "Presidential Session: What Is at Stake? The Impacts of Inequity and Harassment on the Practice of Archaeology" session, at the 86th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Sexual harassment has long been rampant in the discipline of archaeology, and until recently, our collective understanding of its pervasiveness and effects has been largely anecdotal. Recent surveys on the topic aimed at the memberships of the Southeastern Archaeological...
Regional Defensive Strategies and Chronic Warfare in the Southern Nasca Region (2018)
Warfare was a prevalent phenomenon throughout the Andes during the Late Intermediate Period (AD 1000–1450; henceforth LIP). A salient research topic within broader investigations of conflict is how populations cope with chronic warfare. This presentation utilizes geostatistical analyses of architectural and topographical features to reconstruct defensive coping mechanisms among LIP groups living in 12 fortified settlements in the southern Nasca highlands of Peru. Analytical results reveal a...
Regional Diversity and Population Migration of the Classic Maya: Stable Isotope Analysis of Individuals from the Holmul Region, Guatemala (2017)
Stable isotope analysis is a productive tool for understanding the migratory histories of past populations in various regions of the world, including the ancient Maya. This paper presents the strontium and oxygen isotopic ratio values of dental enamel samples as compared to the geographical location of burial to address questions of regional identity, population migration, and social complexity of the Maya at the archaeological site of Holmul and the nearby centers of La Suficaya, K’o, Cival,...
Regional Solidarity, Ethnic Diversity, and Family Networks: The Bioarchaeology of Belonging and Exclusion in the Tiwanaku Colonial Enclave in the Moquegua Valley, Peru (2018)
During the Middle Horizon, disparate communities in the south central Andes embraced Tiwanaku corporate culture to signal their affiliation with the Tiwanaku state, yet these communities also maintained separate regional and ethnic identities through distinct cultural practices. The archaeological record of the Moquegua Valley, Peru, provides an important opportunity to evaluate processes of belonging and exclusion within Tiwanaku society. Previous research indicates members of two...
Reimagining Creole. The Deep History of Mixed Identities in the Windward Islands, Lesser Antilles (2018)
The Lesser Antilles are known as an arena of to- and froing of peoples from different areas of the insular Caribbean and coastal mainland areas of south America during its entire pre-colonial history. Migration, and intensive networks of human mobility and exchange of goods and ideas have created diverse ethnic/cultural communities across these small islands. These, coupled with constantly shifting alliances among the various peoples have resulted in what can only be described as Creole...
Reinventing the Tradition: Archaeological Heritage and Contemporary Local Counternarratives in Huaca Fortaleza de Campoy (Lima, Peru) (2021)
This is an abstract from the "SAA 2021: General Sessions" session, at the 86th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Throughout Peru's consolidation as a modern nation-state, the role of ancient monuments of the prehispanic past has been intertwined with politics, grounded in narratives of glory and grandeur while mostly stressed in nation-building contexts and the pursuits of nation-ness and national identity. This paper develops a critical and reflexive approach to the...
Rejection and Reinvention: a diachronic perspective on ritual and collapse in the south central Andes (2017)
Scholarship on Tiwanaku (AD 600-1000) emphasizes the ceremonial nature of its capital city and the role of ritual practice in incorporating diverse groups as the state’s influence expanded across the south central Andes. Although debate continues about its cause, recent research indicates that the Tiwanaku state’s political collapse played out over several centuries. In this paper, I draw on data spanning that period of fragmentation to take a diachronic perspective on the ways in which ritual,...
Relaciones estilísticas y culturales en un contexto temprano del Horizonte Medio (2018)
Enmarcado dentro del Proyecto de Investigación Prehistoria Urbana Huari 2017 se realizó un hallazgo peculiar de objetos cerámicos interrelacionados temporal y espacialmente. El grupo de objetos encontrados —que preliminarmente tiene relevancia simbólica temprana— fue hallado como un relleno de prepiso y con posibilidad de uso ritual. Su importancia es que es el primero en encontrarse de manera intacta e interrelacionado con una posible arquitectura doméstica. Entre las preguntas preliminares...
Relaciones Sociales y Medioambientales en Selin Farm a través del Análisis de su Conjunto Arqueomalacológico (2018)
El motivo al cual se llevó acabo la presente tesis es para adquirir conocimientos sobre las interacciones humanas con su medioambiente de las sociedades prehispánicas que vivieron en el Noreste de Honduras, por medio de un análisis de conchas de moluscos excavadas en el año 2016. Estas investigaciones son parte del Proyecto Arqueológico Regional Islas de la Bahía (PARIB). El material arqueomalacológico proviene del sitio arqueológico Selin Farm, ubicado en el departamento de Colón en las...
A Relationship between Seasonal Flooding and Raised Agricultural Fields in the Llanos de Mojos, Bolivia (2018)
The Llanos de Mojos, Bolivia, a seasonally flooded savanna region in the western Amazon lowlands, has several types of artificial landscape modifications that point to a significant pre-Columbian occupation with some approximately as old as 500BCE. These earthworks include 40-50,000 raised fields which were used as a regional-wide agricultural technique to grow a variety of crops. This paper focuses on the relationship of these fields to their hydrological environment. Using GIS in conjunction...
Relationships between Oceanographic and Social Changes on Fishermen Populations during the Middle Holocene. A case study from Taltal (25°C South), Northern Coast of Chile (2017)
The existence of a marked paleoclimatic and paleoceanographic transition during the Middle Holocene on a global scale is well documented. Along the Pacific Coast of South America, temporal trends in the 14C reservoir effect during the Holocene show contrasting patterns between Southern Peru-Northern Chile and central Chile, pointing to significant changes in the structure of ocean currents and the origin of upwelling waters along coastal Northern Chile during the Holocene. The strong latitudinal...
Relatos de Juncos y Totoras en el Desierto de Atacama: Uso y Significados en el Sitio Aragón 1 (3000 AC-1000 DC), Región de Tarapacá, Norte de Chile (2024)
This is an abstract from the "SAA 2024: Individual Abstracts" session, at the 89th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Desde el Perspectivismo amerindio se ha puesto énfasis en los mundos relacionales y las lógicas simétricas entre los humanos y no humanos. Sin embargo, desde este enfoque la arqueología ha dejado en un segundo plano la relación entre plantas y humanos. A partir del caso de estudio del sitio Aragón 1 (ca. 3000 AC-1000 DC), Desierto de Atacama, este trabajo...
Religion and power in the Middle Horizon: Castillo de Huarmey imagery and styles (2017)
The idea that diffusion of a proselytizing religion is one of the main factors that generated the horizon effect follows the research on Wari and Tiwanaku phenomena since its inception. The seminal works of Dorothy Menzel have also convinced generations of scholars about the alleged relationship of these phenomena with the Wari empire ideology and on the particular role that the sanctuary of Pachacamac fulfilled in this process. The analysis of rich ceramic and textiles from Castillo de Huarmey,...