Republic of Trinidad and Tobago (Country) (Geographic Keyword)

DOCUMENT Citation Only Emily Brush.

Historically, high elevations have been considered as peripheral to past human cultures. Indeed, high elevation areas are somewhat marginal given their increased energy demands and generally low productivity; yet, archaeological evidence shows that human use of high altitudes reaches far into prehistory. Here I present an analysis of human land use through time and its relationship to major environmental and climatic shifts to determine the conditions under which humans make more or less...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jason Whitaker.

This paper summarizes recent archaeological investigations at the San Lorenzo settlement cluster in the Mopan River Valley of Western Belize. Current research at this ancient hinterland settlement is concerned with better understanding household economic organization and integration during the Late and Terminal Classic (A.D. 670-890) occupations of this site. Households are fundamental units of economic organization in both past and present societies. The examination of ancient household...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Katelyn Frederick.

This is an abstract from the "SAA 2021: General Sessions" session, at the 86th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Sex estimation is a key component of the biological profile used in skeletal studies for bioarchaeology and forensic anthropology. In the crucial need for non-pelvic sex estimation methods, Albanese (2008) introduced a new method that implements measurements between three newly defined landmarks on the proximal femur. These landmarks create a triangle which...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Carolyn Dillian. Charles Bello.

The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), and other federally sponsored work programs, provided much needed employment during the Great Depression and have been examined extensively by scholars in a range of fields. However, few are aware that a parallel program, Indian Emergency Conservation Work, later subsumed into the CCC as the Indian Division (CCC-ID), offered similar programs for Native American young men and performed extensive conservation work on reservations. These men built roads,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Gerald Schroedl. Callie Bennett. Ann Ramsey. Todd Ahlman.

Research at Brimstone Hill Fortress (1690 to 1854) focuses on comparative studies of the eighteenth century lifeways of British soldiers and enslaved Africans. The St. Kitts colonial government and British Royal Engineers designed the fort, and enslaved and free Africans constructed and maintained it. Excavations in areas occupied by British Army officers, enlisted soldiers, and enslaved Africans have produced substantial faunal remains. Especially revealing is the use of imported and local...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Alexandra Bybee.

In 2014, Cultural Resource Analysts, Inc., conducted the archaeological relocation of graves from the Evansville State Hospital Cemetery. At the request of Beam, Longest, and Neff, LLC, on behalf of the City of Evansville and the Indiana Department of Transportation, the graves of 31 individuals who were patients at the reform-era hospital between circa 1890 and 1928 were relocated in advance of construction of a pedestrian bridge. The population consisted primarily of young to middle adults,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only LouAnn Wurst. Stephen Mrozowski.

Much of the climate change literature focuses on whether it is an empirically verifiable process or how individual’s behavior can ameliorate the impacts. Our common approach abstracts the environment, economy, society, and individuals as external relations that posit the cause and effects of global warming as categorically separate from endemic global poverty, starvation, and income disparities. Instead, we argue that discussions need to bring together all the social and natural aspects that...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Renato Kipnis. Solange B. Caldarelli. Letícia M. Muller. Andrey M. Castro. Aguinaldo J. M. Castro.

This is an abstract from the "Archaeology in the Xingu River Basin: Long-Term Histories, Current Threats, and Future Perspectives" session, at the 86th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. In order to understand the processes that generated the rich, complex, and diverse cultural and environmental history present in Amazonia, and specifically along the Xingu River basin, it is crucial that we generate information on when, where, and how small-scale foraging societies...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jose Garay-Vazquez. Dorian Fuller. José Oliver.

This is an abstract from the "SAA 2019: General Sessions" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Archaeobotanical research of macro-botanical remains in the Caribbean is scarce due to notions of poor preservation in tropical landscapes. This shifted archaeobotanical research towards the analysis of micro-botanical remains because these types of analysis have been reported as more successful for recovering data of subsistence practices in the Neotropics....

DOCUMENT Citation Only Lauren Jablonski.

This is an abstract from the "SAA 2023: Individual Abstracts" session, at the 88th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. In archaeology, sexual harassment has become a defining part of our culture and affects many professionals across all subfields. This paper is a part of ongoing research that focuses on the history of archaeology as a way to understand sexual harassment in our culture, and to find ways to change this aspect of our culture moving forward. Our field, like...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Klaus Hilbert.

The anthropogenic origin of the Amazonian dark earths (Terra Pretas) has been a methodologically assured fact for 70 years. Especially during the last 30 years, Terra Preta have been scientifically investigated with increasing intensity and in an ever-widening context. Currently, the dominant concept guiding research is the idea of binding atmospheric carbon which artificially produced dark earths. The large-scale production of terra preta is said to be an efficient instrument to combat global...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Ari Caramanica. Gary Huckleberry.

The sequence of landscape transformation across the area of the Ascope Canal System in the Chicama Valley involved both natural and anthropogenic events and processes that unfolded in nonlinear ways. We argue that early events were crucial in determining transformations later in the sequence. In the arid environment of the North Coast, water availability plays a key role in landscape histories. This paper highlights evidence for El Niño events, water management, and changing ecologies for the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Rebecca Schumann.

Law works in ways to promote specific interests of those with power, often leading to racial and economic marginalization. Through an examination of 18th and early 19th century Virginia laws, I investigate the relationship between law and race. I explore how laws help shape racial categories and forms of structural racism, and promotes economic inequality. These historical economic and and racial inequalities impact how we understand archaeological landscapes and whether sites meet the criteria...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Matthew Diederich.

This is an abstract from the "SAA 2023: Individual Abstracts" session, at the 88th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. The Umatilla Chemical Weapons Depot (UMCD), a U.S. Army installation located in Boardman Oregon, opened in 1941. The Depot stored a variety of military items, including conventional and chemical weapons. Up to twelve percent of the nation’s chemical weapons were stored at UMCD. After UMCD closed as an active Army installation the facility was transferred...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Rebecca Hawkins. Krystiana Krupa. Jayne-Leigh Thomas.

This is an abstract from the "Collaborative and Community Archaeology" session, at the 88th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. When the remains of Native ancestors, or sacred and ceremonial objects, are screened from backdirt or backfill, what implications does this have for the soil in which they rested? Backdirt is usually considered unimportant after screening, but should, perhaps, archaeologists more carefully consider the ethical implications of the ways that...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Steven Goodbred. Mario Pino. Tom Dillehay.

This paper focuses on reconstructing the Holocene paleoenvironmental history of the lower Chicama River valley and coastal system, which has provided diverse natural resources for the Preceramic cultures at Huaca Prieta and Paredones. The archaeological site of Huaca Prieta is situated on the southern tip of a Pleistocene terrace along the shore, ~3 km north of the Chicama River mouth and floodplain system. Paredones is located 0.6 km to the north on the eastern edge of the terrace. Here we...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Hector Neff.

This is an abstract from the "Human Behavioral Ecology at the Coastal Margins: Global Perspectives on Coastal & Maritime Adaptations" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Holocene human adaptations to the Pacific coast of southern Mesoamerica and Central America are documented at a number of locations from southern Mexico to Panama. Evidence comes from Archaic-Period shell mounds, Early Formative sites at the edge of dry land behind the mangrove...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Dana Kollmann.

This is an abstract from the "Forensic Archaeology: Research & Practice" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Ground-based methods of searching for clandestine graves and surface remains have been utilized by law enforcement and search and rescue personnel for years. When ground conditions and the technique of search are appropriate for the circumstances of the case, results are often successful. However, weather, terrain, acreage, foliage and efforts...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Carla Hernandez Garavito. Carlos Osores Mendives.

Most scholarship on the shifts in local lifeways during the Late Horizon strictly focused on changes in the availability to new and limited-access goods by local elites (D’Altroy 2001; Hastorf 1990; 2003). In these models, local leaders became immersed in reciprocal and status-granting relationships with the Inka through gifts and exclusive artifacts. Materiality played a pivotal role in the relationship between the Inka and their subjects. However, it is less clear how local ethnicity was...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Julian Salazar.

Long term evolutionary narratives on South Andean pre-Columbian history have stressed lineal processes of complexity intensification, defined by big changes on subsistence strategies, from small and egalitarian hunter gatherer groups to complex multicommunitarian chiefdoms. These changes were thought to influence or even determine the structure of household and consequently daily life of people. Nevertheless recent household archaeology studies have demonstrated that the reproduction of...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Erick Casanova Vasquez. Abigail Gamble. Beau Murphy. Karissa Dieter. Steven A. Wernke.

As a result of the Toledan Reforms in the Viceroyalty of Peru during the late fifteenth century, new settlements known as reducciones were established to centralize indigenous populations. Such is the case of Mawchu Llacta, originally Espinar de Tute, in the Caylloma Province, Arequipa. The introduction of these sweeping reforms brought a series of major changes to the social order. External agents were established as the new bearers of power and local elites took on a secondary status. However,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Ashley Sharpe. Richard Cooke. Nicole Smith-Guzmán.

This is an abstract from the "Fryxell Symposium in Honor of Dolores Piperno" session, at the 88th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. The origin of agriculture in the American tropics drastically altered human societies and their environmental settings. Through the domestication of various plants for subsistence, medicine, and technological purposes, human populations grew and expanded at an unprecedented rate across the landscape from the Middle Holocene onward, spreading...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Liv Fetterman.

This is an abstract from the "New Perspectives on Heritage Protection: Accomplishing Goals" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Planning for active engagement with land managers, law enforcement, tribes and the public during federal archaeological project development can lead to a more comprehensive, reciprocal appreciation of heritage and its protection. To include public engagement and interpretation into project work, especially NHPA Section 110,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only William White.

This is an abstract from the "Openness & Sensitivity: Practical Concerns in Taking Archaeological Data Online" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. "Bro-ing" is a market research practice pioneered by Nike and reported by Naomi Klein (2000:75) where designers bring prototypes to inner-city neighborhoods to gauge reactions to new styles and products. This practice also creates buzz that can be used to sell those products to the same communities. Open...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Charles Boyd. Donna Boyd. Marta Paulson.

Often perceived as a highly specialized and peripheral subfield of archaeology, forensic archaeology contributes to our understanding of not only forensic anthropology and forensic science, but also traditional archaeological practice. Forensic archaeologists’ extensive knowledge of postmortem taphonomic effects on material objects has led to more precise interpretations of postmortem interval, environmental (including scavenger-induced) scattering and alteration of human remains, and site...