Netherlands Antilles (Country) (Geographic Keyword)
1,051-1,075 (2,735 Records)
During times of social and political crisis humans’ most basic biological needs still need to be met: they need to eat. This means that during times of war, when state infrastructure breaks down and supply chains are threatened, people often take food security matters into their own hands. During 20th century conflicts, families ensured food security on the home front by building household gardens. Practically, the construction of war gardens resulted in decreased individual reliance on often...
Gastrointestinal parasites of the camelids of the archaeological site of Huanchaquito (Peru): first results. (2017)
The health status of domestic’s camelids is an original research topic in the past Central Andes. The discovery of more than 200 well preserved camelids in Huanchaquito in the northern coast of Peru was the opportunity to perform paleoparasitological analyses on twenty samples taken from preserved intestines and faeces recovered during the excavations. Extractions of the parasites using RHM standard protocol raised to the observation in 55% of the samples of several helminth taxa belonging to...
Gender at Chiribaya Alta: A Multiple Correspondence Analysis of Funerary Offerings (2018)
Chiribaya Alta is a Late Intermediate Period cemetery site located in the Osmore drainage of Southern Peru and is the largest, most elaborate site associated with the Chiribaya polity. Previous univariate mortuary analyses at Chiribaya Alta have identified gendered grave goods, related to roles during life. These analyses, however, assume a binary distinction between males and females by only testing graves with sexed skeletons. Here, we use a multivariate technique, multiple correspondence...
Gender Complementarities and the Construction of Late Moche Political Landscapes (2018)
Recent investigations at the Late Moche center of Huaca Colorada in the southern Jequetepeque Valleys suggests that gender complementarity constituted an overarching structuring principle that underwrote Late Moche conceptions of ecology, cosmos, political authority, and the power of sacred places. The dualistic layout of the huaca’s ceremonial nucleus resonates with general Andean philosophies that moral order was founded on the balanced if dialectical interdependence of male and female...
Gender Divisions in Eating and Working: A Bioarchaeological Analysis of an Ancient Muisca Community (Sabana de Bogotá, Colombia, 1000–1400AD) (2018)
The Muisca inhabited a large territory in Northern South America (within present-day Colombia) and are often presented as a "classic chiefdom society." The roots of these interpretations can be traced back to European historical documents discussing Muisca socio-political life, which emphasized the role of social status and hierarchy within Muisca culture. The Muisca in particular have been held captive by the recordings of historical authors, and social structures observed through a European...
The Gender(ed) Revolution: Female Priests and the Mary Magdalenas of the 16th Century Taki Onqoy Movement (Ayacucho, Peru) (2019)
This is an abstract from the "The Future Is Fluid...and So Was the Past: Challenging the 'Normative' in Archaeological Interpretations" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Interpretations of past identities have until recently often been considered in dichotomous binaries, in which individuals are either male or female, peasant or elite, ritual specialist or commoner. With the application of queer theory to archaeological analyses over the past decade,...
The Gendering of Children at Chiribaya Alta (2017)
At the site of Chiribaya Alta (900-1350 AD), located in the Osmore Valley of southern Peru, certain Chiribaya grave goods are associated with either adult males or females. For example, females are often buried with weaving tools, and males with musical instruments. It is not possible to estimate the biological sex of children from their skeletal remains. Therefore, children are often excluded from studies addressing gender identities. Here, we use grave goods known to be associated with sexed...
Generating a temporal baseline of human-animal exploitation in varying ecological environments between 1300CE and 1900CE for the Caribbean island of Saba (2017)
The archaeological study of historical human-environment interactions is important to elucidate the inherent links between cultural and biological/environmental diversity through time. Such studies are particularly significant in island settings, often characterized by sensitive biogeographical and ecological histories underlying current environment and social conditions. Zooarchaeology is a leading sub-discipline in the study and creation of archaeological human-environment interaction...
Genes, Culture, and the Archaeological Record (2019)
This is an abstract from the "The Extended Evolutionary Synthesis and Human Origins: Archaeological Perspectives" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. As archaeology increasingly turns to explanatory models of cultural evolution based on a Darwinian perspective, three processes—dual inheritance, cultural transmission, and, more recently, niche construction—have assumed prominent positions. Until the early 1980s, the behavioral sciences tended to draw a...
The Genetic Prehistory of the Andean Highlands 7,000 Years BP though European Contact (2019)
This is an abstract from the "Ancient DNA in Service of Archaeology" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. The peopling of the Andean highlands above 2500m in elevation was a complex process that included cultural, biological and genetic adaptations. Here we present a time series of ancient whole genomes from the Andes of Peru, dating back to 7,000 calendar years before present (BP), and compare them to 64 new genome-wide genetic variation datasets from...
Genome Sequencing of Ancient Dogs in the Americas to Understand Their Demographic History (2018)
Several ancient DNA studies have been conducted on dogs in the Americas, yet all have focused on the mitochondrial genome. In this study, we sequenced 79 complete mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) and seven nuclear genomes of ancient dogs from more than twenty archaeological sites, ranging in age from 10,000 to 800 years before present (ybp) to gain insight into the population history of dogs in the Americas. We compared the ancient dogs’ mitogenomes and nuclear genomes to those of modern dogs...
Genomic Contributions to Understanding Early Caribbean Settlement (2024)
This is an abstract from the "Coloring Outside the Lines: Re-situating Understandings of the Lifeways of Earliest Peoples of the Circum-Caribbean" session, at the 89th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. In the Caribbean, archaeological and linguistic research have contributed a wealth of knowledge to our understanding of human settlement, yet many issues surrounding dispersal trajectories, adaptation to island environments, and population dynamics over time are still...
Genuine Reproductions: Ethics, Practicalities and Problems in Creating a Replica of a Zemi from Carriacou (2018)
When is a copy not a fake? In 2014, the Carriacou Archaeology Project (University of Oregon; University of London) excavated a unique stone zemi at the Grand Bay site on the island of Carriacou, Grenada. The decision was made to create casts of the zemi in order to facilitate simultaneous display of the object in multiple island museums. It was hoped this would allow both museums to advocate the small island of Carriacou as a site of particular archaeological significance, to stimulate...
Geoarchaeological Approach to Resolving the Origins of Bison Bone Beds at Bonfire Shelter, 41VV218, Val Verde County, Texas (2024)
This is an abstract from the "The Archaeology of Eagle Nest Canyon, Texas: Papers in Honor of Jack and Wilmuth Skiles" session, at the 89th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Bonfire Shelter is a large prehistoric rockshelter site situated at the northern end of Mile Canyon in southwest Texas. Early investigators determined the site to be the location of multiple bison jump events; however subsequent investigations have disputed this interpretation. My research focuses on...
A Geoarchaeological Approach to Site Formation and Structures of Inter-zonal Paleoindian Sites in Southern Peru (2018)
A key question in the settlement of the Americas is how early forager groups adapted to different ecological settings while maintaining social connections. Quebrada Jaguay (QJ-280) on the Pacific Coast and Cuncaicha Rockshelter in the Andean highlands of southern Peru, exhibit very different subsistence adaptations, yet these sites were linked within a common settlement system in the Terminal Pleistocene and Early Holocene. Here, we present the results of multidisciplinary geoarchaeological...
Geoarchaeological Coring: Determining Where Intact Buried Archaeological Sites Should Be and Shouldn’t Be (2023)
This is an abstract from the "SAA 2023: Individual Abstracts" session, at the 88th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. For decades, archaeologists have used coring for subsurface testing and paleolandscape reconstruction, but only sporadically. Non-invasive and efficient, core extraction produces intact stratigraphic columns collected in clear plastic tubes that can be brought back to the lab for analysis. Unlike shovel testing and backhoe trenching, coring has no depth...
Geochemical Characterization and Archaeological Utilization of the Cerro Kaskio Obsidian Source in Southwestern Bolivia (2017)
Obsidian is not only an excellent raw material for the manufacture of stone tools but because of its compositional homogeneity, it can also be related to specific geographic sources. The geochemical characterization of obsidian sources can help to determine the geographic origin of different stone tools as well as aid to infer patterns of resource utilization and exchange. Although some of the most important obsidian sources in the Andes have been identified and adequately characterized, many...
A Geochemical Database for Indigeneous Ceramics from South America (2017)
The indigenous peoples of South America have been producing pottery for more than 7,500 years. Pottery was made into vessels for the cooking and storage of foods, funerary urns, toys, sculptures, and a wide range of art forms. Due to the regional differences in the composition of raw materials used to manufacture and decorate pottery, geochemical investigations of pottery have proven successful for studying trade and exchange, changes in technology, provenance, etc. Some of the methods used to...
Geographic Information Just Wants to Be Free: Capacity-Building in the Ethical and Practical Uses of Free and Open Source GIS Software and Open Geospatial Data Standards within the Digital Index of North American Archaeology (DINAA) (2019)
This is an abstract from the "Capacity Building or Community Making? Training and Transitions in Digital Archaeology" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. The Digital Index of North American Archaeology (DINAA) is the largest compilation of completely free and open information about archaeological site descriptions and serves as an index to an ever-growing network of primary data and publications resulting from investigations at those archaeological...
Geographic origin of sacrificed camelids at Huanchaquito (Chimú period, northern coast of Peru): insight from stable isotopic analysis (2017)
Excavations at the Chimú site of Huanchaquito located in the Moche Valley (northern coast of Peru) leaded to the discovery of an exceptional sacrificial deposit of more than 200 domestic camelid skeletons. This finding adds to the many testimonies of the presence of camelids on the Peruvian coast during the pre-Hispanic era. The abundant presence of animals suggests - but does not bring definitive evidence - that breeding took place locally in an unfavorable arid environment. Measurements of...
Geographies of Black Cimarronaje in the Northern Andes of Ecuador (2023)
This is an abstract from the "Unsettling Infrastructure: Theorizing Infrastructure and Bio-Political Ecologies in a More-Than-Human World" session, at the 88th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Construction of the colonial landscape and its legacies that guide the agendas of neoliberal governments have permitted a series of effects that define that north-central Andes under a historical geography created by the hacienda system and its confluence of human exploitation,...
Geology and Governance: Colonial Andean Mercury Mining and the Marroquín Collapse of 1786 (2018)
The study of an event may seem in opposition to the investigation of deep time, yet it is difficult to analyze one temporal scale without invoking the other. This paper examines this paradoxical linkage of events and the longue durée through the case study of a catastrophic event in the Spanish colonial mercury mines of Huancavelica in the Central Andean Highlands. The Marroquín collapse of 1786 claimed hundreds of indigenous lives, and symbolized the late 18th century decline of Spanish...
Geometric Morphometric Analysis of Inca *Aríbalos from the Bandelier Collection, American Museum of Natural History (2021)
This is an abstract from the "Geometric Morphometrics in Archaeology" session, at the 86th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Found from highland Ecuador to northwest Argentina, the Inca narrow-mouth jar, or *aríbalo, is the most widely distributed marker of the period of imperial expansion across the Andes (ca. 1400–1530s). Hiram Bingham made the first formal description of the *aríbalo more than a century ago, as part of the first formal classification of Inca pottery....
Geometric Morphometric Perspectives on Vessel Shape Hybridity in Inka-Chimú Ceramics (2019)
This is an abstract from the "Alfareros deste Inga: Pottery Production, Distribution and Exchange in the Tawantinsuyu" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. The Inka conquest of the Chimú Empire on what is today the north coast of Peru brought a region with well-established economic and political practices under the rule of a highland polity that developed under distinct social and ecological conditions. Many aspects of Inka rule in Chimú territory were...
Geophysical Investigations of Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-Century Sites on Sint Eustatius, Dutch Caribbean (2021)
This is an abstract from the "NSF REU Site: Exploring Globalization through Archaeology 2019–2020 Session, St. Eustatius, Dutch Caribbean" session, at the 86th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Sint Eustatius served as a free port in the late seventeenth century, enabling the island to prosper in a evolving global economy. To better understand the role Sint Eustatius played in globalization, archaeological assessments have occurred at SE094 (Fort Amsterdam), SE095...