Republic of Ecuador (Country) (Geographic Keyword)
301-325 (2,078 Records)
This is an abstract from the "Centralizing Central America: New Evidence, Fresh Perspectives, and Working on New Paradigms" session, at the 89th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. This presentation explores interpretations of past Indigenous political complexity in the Isthmo-Colombian Area. The paper argues that a preoccupation with hierarchy carries unforeseen consequences for the epistemology of the area and proposes a critique; that the various societies of the area...
The Chicama Valley Archaeological Project (1989-2000) Revisited (2017)
Between 1989 and 2000, the Chicama Valley Archaeological Project, lead by Glenn S. Russell, Banks Leonard and Christopher Attarian, conducted archaeological survey and excavations in the lower Chicama Valley. This presentation will focus on a broad summary of settlement pattern change with reference to key excavation data that informs interpretation of the survey data. A focus will be how sociopolitical complexity developed in the context of control of irrigation systems. Approximately 25% of...
The Chicama Valley in Time and Space (2017)
The Chicama is one of the largest valleys of the Peruvian coast, was part of the "heartland" of Moche culture, and a frontier between different cultural and linguistic regions at the time of Spanish arrival. This paper will review past and recent research in the valley and and their problems and potentials. Particular attention will be paid to landscape archaeology and the history of irrigation systems and land use through time, themes to be addressed in the other papers of the session.
Childhood Diets and Residential Mobility in the Late Intermediate Period, Colca Valley, Peru: A Study of Carbon and Oxygen Isotope Ratios from Dental Apatite (2017)
Around AD 1300 in the Colca Valley of southern Peru, an increasing proportion of elite individuals began to mark themselves as ethnically distinct by elongating the heads of children. This permanent act had far-reaching effects on the livelihoods of modified individuals, especially females, who exhibit more diversified diets in adulthood and experienced lower rates of cranial trauma. The present study complements prior stable isotopic analysis of bone collagen by examining carbon and oxygen...
Childhood in the Wari World: A Bioarchaeological Investigation of Dietary Patterns in a Middle Horizon (600–1000 CE) Community (2024)
This is an abstract from the "The Marking and Making of Social Persons: Embodied Understandings in the Archaeologies of Childhood and Adolescence" session, at the 89th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. This paper uses an anthropological bioarchaeological approach to examine stable isotope data to reconstruct juvenile diet and migration. Through the analysis of stable carbon and oxygen isotope data from dental enamel carbonates, this study builds a preliminary...
Children at the Heart of Buen Suceso (2023)
This is an abstract from the "Finding Community in the Past and Present through the 2022 PARCC Field School at Buen Suceso, Ecuador" session, at the 88th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Children in antiquity provide bioarchaeologists with a window into the past as they embody the environment and culture around them (Halcrow and Tayles 2011). Due to subadults’ sensitivity to biocultural factors, they are excellent indicators of the health and nutrition of a society...
Children of the Atacama Desert: The complex interactions between breastfeeding, weaning and environmental stress in one of the world’s harshest environments. (2017)
Infant feeding practices and the weaning process have important implications for early life health and mortality patterns. In particular, the concept of weaning stress is often invoked as an explanation for increased infant or child mortality and morbidity. In this paper we evaluate the concept of weaning stress and the bioarchaeological methods used to interpret its presence. We highlight the intimate connection between stress and the weaning process in our own research in the northern Atacama...
Chimú-Era (AD 1000–1450) Child Sacrifices from Pampa la Cruz-Monticulo 1, Episode 3, and Pampa la Cruz-Monticulo 2: Biodistance Comparisions with Other Chimú Sacrifices and Regional Skeletal Populations (2024)
This is an abstract from the "Ritual Violence and Human Sacrifice in the Ancient Andes: New Directions in the Field" session, at the 89th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. In recent years, hundreds of Chimú-Era child sacrifices have been discovered at locations to the north of the Chimú’s capital—Chan Chan—by the Programa Arqueológico Huanchaco. He we report on biodistance results for 22 recently excavated child sacrifices from Pampa la Cruz-Monticulo 1, Episode 3 (~AD...
Chincha Mercantilism: A Preliminary Investigation into Chincha Valley Economic Organization during the Late Intermediate Period and Late Horizon (2019)
This is an abstract from the "From the Paracas Culture to the Inca Empire: Recent Archaeological Research in the Chincha Valley, Peru" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. The Chincha Kingdom is widely recognized as one of the few cases in which 10,000 merchants are said to have existed in the Late Horizon non-market Inca economy. This paper seeks to investigate Chincha economic organization by analyzing the distribution of pottery from various sites in...
The Chincha Valley, Peru: Analyzing Its Settlement Patterns and Urban Centers (2019)
This is an abstract from the "From the Paracas Culture to the Inca Empire: Recent Archaeological Research in the Chincha Valley, Peru" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. The study of settlement systems is an important component in archaeologists’ efforts to understand how valley-wide or multi-valley polities change over time. Settlement studies often rely on site size, site location, site layout, and site chronologies to determine the changing...
Chincha-Inka Joint Rule: Exploring the Role of Local Elites in the Transformations of Complex N1 at Las Huacas (2021)
This is an abstract from the "Indigenous Stories of the Inka Empire: Local Experiences of Ancient Imperialism" session, at the 86th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Studies of Inka expansion often highlight the important role that elites played in expanding and administering the empire. This is especially true on the central and south coast, where the Inka came into contact with complex polities. Arguably, the most well-known of these groups were the Chincha. Through...
Chincha-Inka Mortuary Traditions at Jahuay, Quebrada de Topará (2019)
This is an abstract from the "From the Paracas Culture to the Inca Empire: Recent Archaeological Research in the Chincha Valley, Peru" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. The site of Jahuay, located 20 km north of the Chincha Valley, was first occupied during the Early Horizon as a commoner fishing community. In later eras, it was reoccupied by the Chincha and Inka, possibly as a tambo. During the 2017 and 2018 field seasons, the Proyecto de...
The Chonos archipelago: from hunting-gathering to industrial productivity in the western Patagonian channels (43°50’ - 46°50’ S), Chile. (2017)
The Chonos archipelago is a series of islands and fjords in the northernmost part of western Patagonia, South America. It has been disconnected from continental landforms since glacial retreat, thus it is an ideal area for assessing the human use of maritime habitats. We analyze the spatial and temporal distribution of the archaeological record focusing on the emergence of human intense signatures in the last part of the late Holocene. The archaeological record (87 sites) includes open-air and...
Chornancap: Palacio y Mausoleo de la Gobernante y de la Cultura Lambayeque, Perú (2018)
Las investigaciones en Chotuna Chornancap – Lambayeque – Perú, pusieron a la luz el hallazgo de contextos funerarios de personajes de élite, uno de ellos correspondiente a una "Gobernante y Sacerdotisa" de la fase Tardía de la cultura Lambayeque (XII-XIIId.C). El fardo funerario de la gobernante/sacerdotisa enterrado con ocho acompañantes, ornamentos de alto rango, poder y autoridad, han permitido documentar una de las más conspicuas autoridades políticas y religiosas de la cultura Lambayeque....
Chronological Modeling of Early Settlement on Yap, Western Micronesia (2021)
This is an abstract from the "When the Wild Winds Blow: Micronesia Colonization in Pacific Context" session, at the 86th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. The initial human settlement of Yap, a group of four small islands in western Micronesia, is one of the least understood colonization events in Remote Oceania. Unlike Polynesia, where multiple lines of evidence such as linguistics, genetics, and material culture analyses coalesce around a coherent narrative of initial...
Chullpa Use in in the Ancash Region of Peru: Insights from the Discovery of Multiple Rare Developmental Conditions at Marcajirca (AD 1000–1650) (2024)
This is an abstract from the "Beyond the Ancestors: New Approaches to Andean "Open Sepulchers"" session, at the 89th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Situated on a steep-sided mountain slope on the eastern side of the Cordillera Blanca in the Ancash region of Peru, the Late Intermediate−Early Colonial period (AD 1000–1650) site of Marcajirca consists of residential, public, and funerary areas. Interment contexts include 35 aboveground walled tombs (chullpas). While it...
Chullpas and the Political Relations with the Inside-world in the Inka Empire (2018)
Previous research has interpreted chullpas as open sepulchers, altars, and landmarks which participated in political projects mainly by helping to reproduce corporate identities through ancestor worship and by inscribing power hierarchies and territorial claims on the landscape. This paper builds on the premise that chullpas were not just things with a certain function, but non-human persons (wak'as) capable of acting in different ways, given the affordances of their corporeality as towers or...
Circa 12,000-Year-Old Fiber Technologies in the Atacama Desert (2024)
This is an abstract from the "The Archaeobotany of Early Peopling: Plant Experimentation and Cultural Inheritance" session, at the 89th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Plants have been used for making fabrics for thousands of years (Hardy 2007; Hardy et al. 2020; Hurcombe 2008; Kvavadze et al. 2009, Nadel et al. 1994), and many species have been gathered and eventually cultivated for this purpose (Barber 1992; Gleba and Harris 2019; Rast-Eicher et al. 2021). Evidence...
Circulación de Cerámica en Tiempos del Inca: Aportes del Norte de Chile (2019)
This is an abstract from the "Alfareros deste Inga: Pottery Production, Distribution and Exchange in the Tawantinsuyu" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. A mediados de 1970 surgió la conocida discusión si el dominio incaico en el norte de Chile había sido directo o indirecto, a partir de la aplicación que se hizo del modelo sobre la "verticalidad" andina de John Murra. De acuerdo con esta propuesta, la situación se dirimía en términos de que cuán...
Circular Worlds: Comparison and Reflections on the Earthen Architecture of Lowland South American Circular Villages (2023)
This is an abstract from the "Dedication, Collaboration, and Vision, Part I: Papers in Honor of Tom D. Dillehay" session, at the 88th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. As a mentor, Tom Dillehay has formed and influenced me and archaeologists from the southern cone of South America on a variety of themes, including the peopling of America, plant domestication, and the arrival of monuments. In particular, Dillehay had a significant impact on how we think about the uses,...
Ciudad de Dios: An Analysis of Destruction Using Drone Technology (2019)
This is an abstract from the "SAA 2019: General Sessions" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. In July of 2018, the archaeological site of Ciudad de Dios, located in the Moche Valley of the north coast of Peru, was surveyed using a drone. The digital map was then used to not only analyze the settlement’s organization, but also the natural and unnatural destruction that has affected the preservation of the site. Excavated by MOCHE Inc. in 1998, Ciudad de...
Civic Society Groups, Cultural Rights, and Rights to a "Heritage" City during COVID-19 (2021)
This is an abstract from the "Current Dynamics of Heritage Values in the Americas" session, at the 86th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. In an archaeologically rich country like Peru, theoretically all people have access to archaeological sites. However, parallel to the COVID-19 pandemic, vulnerable and traditionally marginalized populations are disproportionally affected by archaeological sites (as well as by coronavirus). This presentation asks: What has changed in...
Climate Change and Culture in Late Pre-Columbian Amazonia (2019)
This is an abstract from the "Global Perspectives on Climate-Human Population Dynamics During the Late Holocene" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Climate change has been linked to the reorganisation of past societies in different parts of the globe. However, until recently, the lack of archaeological and palaeoclimate data for the Amazon had prevented an evaluation of the relationship between climate change and cultural change in the largest...
Climate Change and Moche Politics: A View from the Northern Chicama Valley, Peru (2017)
In this paper I will discuss the different lines of evidence pertaining to detecting El Niño and La Niña events at the site of Licapa II and surrounding Northern Chicama Valley. Flood deposits, dune encroachments episodes, malacological data, canal destruction and rebuilding events, and radiocarbon evidence are used as proxies to help understand the intensity and timing of ENSO events. I compare evidence from Licapa II to other sites inside and outside the Chicama Valley to highlight the...
Climate Change and Polyculture Agroforestry Systems: Examples from Amazonian Dark Earths (2018)
In this presentation, we discuss pre-Columbian Amazonian Dark Earth (ADE) polyculture agroforestry systems and its implications for management and conservation efforts on Amazonian sustainable futures under current threat from climate change and development. We present and compare new multi-proxy paleoclimate, palaeoecological and archaeobotanical data from two mid to late Holocene records of land use history of ADE in Santarem (Lower Amazon) and the Itenez Forest Reserve (SW Amazonia). Our data...