South America (Geographic Keyword)
201-225 (1,346 Records)
Ceramic samples from the Villa El Salvador site (Early Intermediate Period, 100 BC – 100 AD), located at the Central Coast of Peru, have been analyzed. The goal is the study of production techniques and interchange patterns. The techniques of neutron activation analysis, energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) and Mössbauer spectroscopy were applied to characterize the ceramic samples. Multielemental composition techniques and multivariable analysis allow us the identification of group...
Characterization of the Cerro de Oro pottery style (2015)
This study focuses on the analysis of the ceramic material from the archaeological site Cerro de Oro, located in the Cañete Valley. While the Cerro de Oro pottery style has been defined previously in a generic way (Menzel 1964), this study seeks to reopen the investigation and conduct a deeper analysis with recently excavated material, which allows us to characterize it in itself. The aim is to define an iconographic program that allows us to compare and contrast it with popular styles from a...
Characterizing the mortuary practices in Hualcayán, Ancash, Perú: Analysis of the content and distribution of artifacts in funerary contexts (2016)
In prehistory, the Peruvian highlands contained a complex array of mortuary practices through space and time. In the Ancash region at the site of Hualcayán, several funerary contexts have been excavated since 2011 that demonstrate this variation in mortuary practices between 250 BC to AD 950. This paper presents the results of a study of the archaeological materials excavated from six tombs at Hualcayán, that include the analysis of decorated ceramics, botanical and faunal remains, lithics,...
Characterizing the Relationship Between Two Early States of the Andes: The Moche, The Wari and the Product of their Contact. An Archaeological and Archaeometric Perspective (2015)
This paper explores from an archaeological, anthropological, and archaeometric standpoint the relationships between two early states in Andean prehistory: the Moche of the North Coast (AD 400 - 850) and the Wari of the Southern Highlands of Peru (AD 600 – 1,000.) In spite of many theoretical models that have been proposed to explain the nature of this relationship, little attention has been paid to analyzing the material expressions of such interaction. This paper focuses on one such expression...
Charki and Red Currant Jam: Provisioning Extractive Industries in Republican Highland Peru (2017)
With the current boom in the archaeology of the colonial period in the central Andes, we risk losing sight of the potential for archaeological investigation of the colonial aftermath. Following important work further afield in the Southern Cone, I argue for the particular relevance archaeology could have in exploring trade liberalization, emancipation, and the new commodity booms of the 19th century. Drawing on the recent investigation of a series of Republican tambos (roadside inns) in the...
The Chaupiyunga as an Eco-cultural Frontier: Inter-zonal exchange and negotiation in the Huanangue Valley during the Late Intermediate Period (1100-1470 CE) (2016)
As a region of high ethnic and ecological diversity, the ancient Andes can be viewed as a collection of ecological, cultural, and political frontiers. Studying the processes that occurred along these frontiers is vital to understanding the indigenous political and economic systems that developed throughout the region prior to Spanish contact. As a transitional zone between the coast and the highlands, as well as a geographic bottleneck through which people and goods had to pass, the...
Chenopod data in two countries of South America: Advances in knowledge about the use of Chenopodium in Argentina and Chile from Early Holocene (9000-11000 BP) to Historical Times (250 BP). (2017)
Argentina and Chile are the most austral American countries where Chenopodium species are recovered in several archaeological contexts. In both countries from the north to central and south, various issues are addressed from these findings such as hunter-gatherers subsistence strategies and chenopod grain morphological changes. Multi-proxy methods are used based on pollen, macro and micro botanical remains analyses, and isotopic data. However scarce botanical evidence has carried an uneven depth...
The Chicama Valley Archaeological Project (1989-2000) Revisited (2017)
Between 1989 and 2000, the Chicama Valley Archaeological Project, lead by Glenn S. Russell, Banks Leonard and Christopher Attarian, conducted archaeological survey and excavations in the lower Chicama Valley. This presentation will focus on a broad summary of settlement pattern change with reference to key excavation data that informs interpretation of the survey data. A focus will be how sociopolitical complexity developed in the context of control of irrigation systems. Approximately 25% of...
The Chicama Valley in Time and Space (2017)
The Chicama is one of the largest valleys of the Peruvian coast, was part of the "heartland" of Moche culture, and a frontier between different cultural and linguistic regions at the time of Spanish arrival. This paper will review past and recent research in the valley and and their problems and potentials. Particular attention will be paid to landscape archaeology and the history of irrigation systems and land use through time, themes to be addressed in the other papers of the session.
Chijipata Alta: Tracing A Genealogy of Potting Practice in the Lake Titicaca Basin (2015)
Andeanists have produced rich ethnoarchaeological studies of specialized potting villages, yet up until now scholars have ignored contemporary ceramic production in the Southern Lake Titicaca Basin. This poster reports on recent work of the Proyecto Olleros Titicaca Sur (P.O.T.S.), a recently initiated project in the village of Chijipata Alta exploring the relationship of learning, identity and social boundaries using both ethnographic approaches (participant observation, oral history, and...
Childhood Diets and Residential Mobility in the Late Intermediate Period, Colca Valley, Peru: A Study of Carbon and Oxygen Isotope Ratios from Dental Apatite (2017)
Around AD 1300 in the Colca Valley of southern Peru, an increasing proportion of elite individuals began to mark themselves as ethnically distinct by elongating the heads of children. This permanent act had far-reaching effects on the livelihoods of modified individuals, especially females, who exhibit more diversified diets in adulthood and experienced lower rates of cranial trauma. The present study complements prior stable isotopic analysis of bone collagen by examining carbon and oxygen...
Children at the Heart of Buen Suceso (2023)
This is an abstract from the "Finding Community in the Past and Present through the 2022 PARCC Field School at Buen Suceso, Ecuador" session, at the 88th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Children in antiquity provide bioarchaeologists with a window into the past as they embody the environment and culture around them (Halcrow and Tayles 2011). Due to subadults’ sensitivity to biocultural factors, they are excellent indicators of the health and nutrition of a society...
Children of the Atacama Desert: The complex interactions between breastfeeding, weaning and environmental stress in one of the world’s harshest environments. (2017)
Infant feeding practices and the weaning process have important implications for early life health and mortality patterns. In particular, the concept of weaning stress is often invoked as an explanation for increased infant or child mortality and morbidity. In this paper we evaluate the concept of weaning stress and the bioarchaeological methods used to interpret its presence. We highlight the intimate connection between stress and the weaning process in our own research in the northern Atacama...
Chimú Conquest and Administration at Talambo, Jequetepeque, Perú (2016)
There are few communities in the Andes untouched by the legacies of empire. On the North Coast of Peru, the Chimú (900—1470 AD) formed the most extensive empire in the region prior to Inca conquest. Significant archaeological and ethnohistoric evidence from the Jequetepeque Valley—the first region to be incorporated by the Chimú— has illustrated the nature of this conquest and the varying impacts on local communities. The site of Talambo, located in the lower neck of the Jequetepeque Valley, has...
Chimú-Inka Ceramics: Quantifying differences between Colonial forms and their influences (2015)
Between 1428 and 1534 the Inka conquered the world’s largest territory controlled by a single state including 1300 km of coastline from the 1460 conquest of their main rivals, the Chimú. Studies on Inka provincial administrative policies are increasingly important in understanding the pre-conquest Andes, however, there has been no study of the effects of Inka subjugation on the art of their most powerful former enemy. Ceramics from the Chimú-Inka period offer a striking example of how...
Chincha Farmers: Understanding Inca expansion, strategies, and motivations at Las Huacas, Chincha Valley (2016)
The Inca Empire was the largest empire in the New World and its ability to expand relied upon the flexibility and diversity of its methods. In some regions the Inca used force and installed their own loyal members imposing a direct rule; in other regions, local administrative structure and elite groups were kept largely intact. The Chincha Kingdom has often been cited as a prime example of Inca diplomacy and peaceful incorporation, whereby the Inca gained access to the Chincha Kingdom’s...
The Chonos archipelago: from hunting-gathering to industrial productivity in the western Patagonian channels (43°50’ - 46°50’ S), Chile. (2017)
The Chonos archipelago is a series of islands and fjords in the northernmost part of western Patagonia, South America. It has been disconnected from continental landforms since glacial retreat, thus it is an ideal area for assessing the human use of maritime habitats. We analyze the spatial and temporal distribution of the archaeological record focusing on the emergence of human intense signatures in the last part of the late Holocene. The archaeological record (87 sites) includes open-air and...
The Circulation of Affect and Genre in Chilean Feminist Activism (WGF - Dissertation Fieldwork Grant) (2024)
This resource is an application for a Dissertation Fieldwork Grant from the Wenner-Gren Foundation. This project examines how Chilean feminists use emotionally evocative discursive genres to bring relevance and salience to their social justice movements in public spaces. For example, posting a gender violence testimonial on social media might instigate feelings of pity, while chanting about police brutality at a rally may prompt anger. As activists produce or perform these affective genres,...
Ciudadelas: Their Form and Function. In: Chan Chan: Andean Desert City (1982)
This resource is a citation record only, the Center for Digital Antiquity does not have a copy of this document. The information in this record has been migrated into tDAR from the National Archaeological Database Reports Module (NADB-R) and updated. Most NADB-R records consist of a document citation and other metadata but do not have the documents themselves uploaded. If you have a digital copy of the document and would like to have it curated in tDAR, please contact us at comments@tdar.org.
A classification of Middle Formative (1200 – 800 BCE) ceramics from Chavin de Huantar (2015)
Recent research has expanded drastically the sample size available for performing ceramic analyses at Chavin de Huantar during the last decade. Initial efforts have showed that the ceramic complexity previously described during the end of the last century has fallen short and that it is necessary to rethink Chavin ceramics in terms of the new data available. In of In this regard this paper attempts to organize and classify the corpus of ceramics dated from the Middle Formative (1200 – 800 BCE)...
Clay Matters: Pottery Changes at C4-084B, a Manteño Site in the Cloud Forest of El Pital, Coastal Ecuador (2016)
Recent archaeological investigations at site (C4-084B) within the Rio Blanco valley in coastal Ecuador yielded significant data regarding Manteño occupation of the region during the Integration Period (A.D. 700-1500). Situated in a cloud forest in the community of El Pital, the site contains the remnants of masonry residential structures along with evidence for at least two different occupations. Phase I, the earlier occupation, is separated from Phase II, the later occupation, by a gravel...
Climate Change and Chiefdom Ecodynamics in the Eastern Andean Cordillera of Colombia (2016)
Exploratory research into climate change and the formation of chiefdoms took place in the Valley of Leiva. Preliminary findings from cultural-environmental contexts provide extraordinary interdisciplinary data. A stone-walled, oval-shaped elite building with compacted earthen floors, post-holes, and artifact-ecofact assemblages (decorated pottery, spindle whorls, deer fauna, and stone monoliths) was revealed near El Infiernito. Soil survey along the Rio Leyva produced evidence for major erosion...
Climate Change and Moche Politics: A View from the Northern Chicama Valley, Peru (2017)
In this paper I will discuss the different lines of evidence pertaining to detecting El Niño and La Niña events at the site of Licapa II and surrounding Northern Chicama Valley. Flood deposits, dune encroachments episodes, malacological data, canal destruction and rebuilding events, and radiocarbon evidence are used as proxies to help understand the intensity and timing of ENSO events. I compare evidence from Licapa II to other sites inside and outside the Chicama Valley to highlight the...
Climate Change in Coastal Ecuador (2021)
This is an abstract from the "Recent Innovations in Ecuadorian Archaeology" session, at the 86th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Climate change is negatively impacting cultural heritage and archaeological sites worldwide. The site of Balsamaragua, which signifies 2,500 years of human occupation on the coast, is rapidly deteriorating, having lost 10 m of shoreline since 2009. Increased awareness and documentation at the site can help us glean valuable information about...
Clouds for Water, Forest for Healing: Prehispanic Cultural Dynamics in the Cloud Forests of the Northern Andes (2023)
This is an abstract from the "The Archaeology of Tropical Montane Cloud Forests" session, at the 88th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. The cloud forests along the eastern and western foothills of the northern Andes have received little attention in the overall archaeology of South America. These regions of broken geography and dense forests have historically been considered culturally poor, with little impact on the sociocultural transformations of the Andean and...