South America (Geographic Keyword)
551-575 (1,325 Records)
As a result of the Toledan Reforms in the Viceroyalty of Peru during the late fifteenth century, new settlements known as reducciones were established to centralize indigenous populations. Such is the case of Mawchu Llacta, originally Espinar de Tute, in the Caylloma Province, Arequipa. The introduction of these sweeping reforms brought a series of major changes to the social order. External agents were established as the new bearers of power and local elites took on a secondary status. However,...
Houses on the Hill: Preliminary Results of the Excavations at Casa Grande (PV57-42) in Chincha, Per (2016)
This poster presents the results of the preliminary excavation work done at sector A of the site Casa Grande (PV57-42) in the Chincha Valley, Peru. Initial field work focused on determining both the construction technique used to build these extensive terraces and identifying how these spaces were used by the mid-valley Chincha inhabitants. Excavation and preliminary laboratory processing focused on the ceramics and botanical remains recovered during the active field season, with further...
How did the end of the Cupisnique-Chavín Religious Complex affect local leadership? (2016)
In this paper I assess the impact of the end of the Cupisnique-Chavín Religious Complex (CCRC) in local leadership. Using the case of the Nepeña Middle Valley, I evaluate how authority was built during the Late Formative and how the disintegration of the CCRC around 500 B.C. had profound impacts in the way power was constituted and negotiated during the next centuries.
How many, how few, how long: pre-Columbian population density and human impact in pre-Columbian Amazonia (2017)
Assessing the landscape impact of past settlement and subsistence systems in space and in time is essential to reconstructing pre-Columbian land use in the Amazon basin. In this paper we consider archaeological and landscape evidence for past land use by examining the strengths and limitations of archaeological radiocarbon evidence as a proxy for broad demographic patterns in pre-Columbian Amazonia.
Human Biogeography in the Diamante Valley, (Central Western Argentina): Integrating Different Data in a New Research Design (2016)
The archaeology from the Diamante River Valley, located in Mendoza, Argentina, has been carried out since the beginning of the seventies. The information generated along these years was oriented in several study programs and was motivated by diverse research questions. Different kinds of surveys were done and very few data was published. Most of the archaeological information we have nowadays from this Valley comes from excavations using old techniques, some modern excavations and from...
Human Coprolite Diet Reconstruction Confirms Wetland Resource Use in the Coast of the Atacama Desert, 6580 cal. yr BP (2017)
It has been proposed that Chinchorro coastal people along the Atacama Desert in northern Chile had marginal access to plant food, a position refuted by recent scholars. The older perspective comes from bone chemistry analyses which showed a nearly exclusive reliance on marine animal resources. Newer analyses of mummy gut contents shows a substantial reliance on wetland plant resources, especially sedge rhizomes and seeds. Therefore, existing analyses present very different ideas of Chinchorro...
The Human Element in Industrialization: a Hypothetical Case Study of Ecuadorean Indians (1955)
This resource is a citation record only, the Center for Digital Antiquity does not have a copy of this document. The information in this record has been migrated into tDAR from the National Archaeological Database Reports Module (NADB-R) and updated. Most NADB-R records consist of a document citation and other metadata but do not have the documents themselves uploaded. If you have a digital copy of the document and would like to have it curated in tDAR, please contact us at comments@tdar.org.
Human ranking of spaces and the role of caches: case studies from the south of Patagonia (Argentina) (2016)
Storage of artifacts is a common behavior among hunter-gatherers. Archaeologically, caches have been identified in different places. In this paper, we focus on the discussion of the role of caches recovered in two different environments in southern Patagonia: the southern end of the Deseado Massif and the upper Santa Cruz river basin. In the first case, two caches, attributed to the colonization of this environment have been identified, while in the second case, the cache recovered would...
Human Response to Environmental Change during the Early/Mid Holocene in Central Western Argentina: Frame of Reference in Comparative Perspective (2016)
Early / Middle Holocene human strategies are an archaeological topic of debate in arid Central Western Argentina. Among the controversies are whether population decreased and what were human responses to increased aridity. In this presentation, we use Binford’s environmental frames of reference to model regional Early and Middle Holocene subsistence. Radiocarbon trends are used as paleodemography proxy, archaeofaunal, archaeobotanical, lithic assemblages and isotopes on human bone are used to...
Human Responses to Holocene Aridization South of the Atacama Desert (31° to 32° S), the Meaning of Differences in Landscape Use (2017)
The geographical band between 31°-32° S, from the Pacific to the Andes, lies in the southernmost part of the Semi-Arid North of Chile, south of the Atacama Desert. Multidisciplinary research to the north and south of the Choapa River’s mouth is uneven, thereby in need of new data for understanding the relative intensity of the human traces across the landscape and the human interactions with environmental changes. Currently, the combined pollen records in the coast and highlands indicate arid...
Human Selection on Maize Size Traits. A contribution from the archaeological record of Tarapacá, chile, South Central Andes. (2017)
Maize from Andean region has a recognized complex history, involving ecological and human interaction. Today, while Andean maize show high morphological and low genotypic diversities, the process involved in its production and selection is unclear. In this work we ask how the morphological and genetic diversity of maize has varied through Formative Period to present time in Tarapacá Region, northern Chile? To answer this we analysed thirty morphological traits and eight microsatellites markers...
Human Skeletal Remains from Highlands of Peru (1923)
This resource is a citation record only, the Center for Digital Antiquity does not have a copy of this document. The information in this record has been migrated into tDAR from the National Archaeological Database Reports Module (NADB-R) and updated. Most NADB-R records consist of a document citation and other metadata but do not have the documents themselves uploaded. If you have a digital copy of the document and would like to have it curated in tDAR, please contact us at comments@tdar.org.
Human-Environment Interactions and the Hunter-Gatherers of Chachapoyas, Peru (2023)
This is an abstract from the "The Archaeology of Tropical Montane Cloud Forests" session, at the 88th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Although a growing bodies of scholarship address later cultural developments in such regions, Tropical Montane Cloud Forests (TMCF) are nevertheless perceived by many as environments marginal for human occupation, especially for hunter-gatherers. One such region, the Chachapoyas culture area in northern Peru, has to date been home to...
The Human/Animal Continuum in Nasca Sculptural Ceramics (c. 1-450) (2015)
Studies of Nasca polychrome ceramic iconography from many phases identify shamans in various roles. In ceremonial scenes shamans drink from cups filled with the entheogenic pulp of the San Pedro cactus, dance, play instruments, don costumes as supernatural imitators, and preside over rituals related to agriculture. Rarely however, is less immediately understandable ceramic imagery interpreted through the lens of shamanism as a Nasca worldview. Shamanic thinking privileges ambiguousness, trance...
Hunter-gatherer home ranges in arid environments: exploring some of the differences and similarities (2017)
Deserts have traditionally been considered marginal environments, because survival depends on several factors. Some researchers have pointed to the importance of water for hunter-gatherers living in these environments, as well as the increased knowledge of the environment they lived in, and its resources, as well as the awareness and knowledge of neighbors on whom to call in lean times or with whom to interact and exchange partners and the knowledge of resources. Here we present two cases from...
Hunters in the Viedma Lake basin (Southern Patagonia, Argentina): differences and continuities in landscape use during the Late Holocene (2016)
The Viedma lake basin -connected to the Patagonian Southern Ice Field- has been recently incorporated to the discussion about the human occupation of southern Patagonia. The distribution of artifacts in different sectors of steppe: 1) plateaus (950-1000 masl), 2) plateaus basis (750 masl), 3) intermediate pampas (300-700 masl)-, large open spaces formed by glacial deposits- and 4) the north coast of the lake (255-300 masl) has been surveyed. The study was complemented with technological artifact...
Hunter’s Paradise or Hypoxic Wasteland? Recent Research in the Pucuncho Basin, Peru (2016)
Mountain regions above 4000 m have been considered marginal because of low temperatures and low primary productivity compounded by the physical stress of hypoxia. Yet, the archaeological record of the puna (grasslands above 3800 m) of the Andes demonstrates widespread, persistent occupations by hunter-gatherers. The intensity and seasonality of these occupations offer insights into these regions of Peru and of the entry of people into South America more generally. New excavations at the...
Hunting and Hunting Magic Among the Amahuaca of the Peruvian Montana (1970)
This resource is a citation record only, the Center for Digital Antiquity does not have a copy of this document. The information in this record has been migrated into tDAR from the National Archaeological Database Reports Module (NADB-R) and updated. Most NADB-R records consist of a document citation and other metadata but do not have the documents themselves uploaded. If you have a digital copy of the document and would like to have it curated in tDAR, please contact us at comments@tdar.org.
Hunting and Hunting Magic Among the Amahuaca of the Peruvian Montana: In: Native South Americans: Ethnology of the Least Known Continent (1974)
This resource is a citation record only, the Center for Digital Antiquity does not have a copy of this document. The information in this record has been migrated into tDAR from the National Archaeological Database Reports Module (NADB-R) and updated. Most NADB-R records consist of a document citation and other metadata but do not have the documents themselves uploaded. If you have a digital copy of the document and would like to have it curated in tDAR, please contact us at comments@tdar.org.
Hunting blinds from plateaus and hills in Southern Patagonia (Santa Cruz, Argentina): Tactics and beyond. (2015)
The aim of this paper is to present and discuss the distribution patterns of Late Holocene hunting blinds from two distinct environments of southern Patagonia (Argentina): basaltic plateaus and hills. These are mostly semicircular stone structures built for the hunt of guanaco (Lama guanicoe), a medium-size wild camelid that was the main staple for the hunter-gatherer populations throughout the Holocene. Despite of the existence of a number of shared traits (e.g. obsidian from the same source,...
Hybridized Objects and Colonization Practices: Ceramics from Minaspata, Cuzco, Peru (2015)
In recent years, archaeologists studying ancient colonialism have shifted from a top-down view, emphasizing "colonizers" and "colonized," to a more careful consideration of how local social practices are situated in global colonial structures and dynamics. Material cultures and technologies play a crucial role in this colonial encounter, as material objects manifest and actively transmit signs of ideology, power and resistance. Minaspata, a local site located in the Cuzco Valley of the...
Hydrologic Power: A GIS Approach to Tiwanaku's Constructed Water Landscape (2016)
The conceptual division of urban and rural, like the parallel division of society and nature, consistently dogs attempts to understand the significance of cities in the highland Andes. Critical approaches to this divide, in fields from geography to literature, have had little impact in reformulating assumptions about the character of urbanism in this world region. This paper examines the Middle Horizon city of Tiwanaku, located in the southern Lake Titicaca basin of the south-central Andes. It...
I Am a Rock: A Comparison of Lithic Art and Artifacts from the Inca and Ychsma Cultures (2016)
After the finding of many different shaped and worked carved stones from Panquilma’s excavations, in this paper, I compare the lithic artwork and artifacts from both the Ychsma and Inca cultures and I noticed many different types of Inca stone art and artifacts, by comparison with these. The stones that were carved in a particular shape from Panquilma can be related to either the Inca or the Ychsma. In this presentation, I explore the significance of the carved stones in order to...
Identifying Possible Inca Census Records in Khipu from Pachacamac (2015)
One of the primary categories of data recorded by the Incas on their knotted string accounting devices (khipu) is detailed census numbers from different administrative units, yet no existing khipu has been identified as containing such population records. In this analysis, Inca concepts of age categories and hierarchical ranking are used to predict a number of different formats for recording census data. Existing data tables of khipu were examined to determine if any matched these expectations,...
Identifying transcultural processes: the Wayana-Apalai and Tiriyó example (2015)
The majority of ethnographic museum-collections were generally created to show a distinct indigenous culture based on examples from the material culture. These collections were created to give the impression that the features of a certain material culture, recognizable in form, design and material, are essential and genuine to a particular indigenous group. My research in the field of Museum-Ethnology, investigating transcultural processes reflected in objects of material culture, refers to...