Republic of Chile (Country) (Geographic Keyword)
701-725 (1,633 Records)
This presentation analyzes late 19th-century photography of Moche pre-Columbian buildings, as a way to inspect the buildings’ incorporation into everyday indigenous lives. I will focus on the work by German scientist Hans Heinrich Brüning (1848-1928). First arrived as an engineer hired by the most important sugar haciendas of the region, Brüning’s interests quickly shifted towards archaeological and ethnographic studies during his stay in the Northern Peruvian Andes between 1875 and 1920. His...
The Impact of Climate Dynamics and Cultural Change on the Demography and Population Structure of Pre-Columbian Populations in the Atacama (2017)
Archaeological studies in the Central Andes have pointed at the temporal coincidence of climatic fluctuations and episodes of cultural transition throughout the pre-Columbian period. Although most scholars explain the connection between environmental and cultural changes by the impact of climatic alterations on the capacities of the ecosystems inhabited by pre-Columbian cultures, direct evidence for assumed demographic consequences has been missing so far. Desert margin areas, as we find them at...
Imperial authority and local agency: Investigating the interplay of disruptive technology, indirect authority, and changing ritual practice at Dos Cruces. (2017)
The Chimu smelting site of Dos Cruces is located along the Zaña River in the middle valley of the greater Lambayeque area. Dos Cruces is located at the intersection of two major trade routes and nearby several rich sources of copper ore. The smelting of ore at Dos Cruces utilized wind powered smelting technology, a new innovation for this region. Despite its obvious Chimu affiliations, Dos Cruces lacks an audiencia, or indeed any indication of Chimu administrative oversight. The denizens of Dos...
Imperial Fortifications, Native Lifestyle: Indigenising Colonial Chile (2023)
This is an abstract from the session entitled "Colonial Forts in Comparative, Global, and Contemporary Perspective", at the 2023 annual meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology. Chile was the most important and complex borderland of the Spanish Empire (1550–1818), in which colonial power and Indigenous resistance were contested over centuries. Spaniards struggled to subjugate the Reche-Mapuche –the local population–, and eventually conceded their independence upon the acknowledgement...
Imperial Remodeling: Hatuncancha and Later Inca Construction (2019)
This is an abstract from the "How Did the Inca Construct Cuzco?" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Though generations of scholars have mapped nearly all the standing architecture of the imperial and colonial city of Cusco, nevertheless, the site remains caught in the hypothetical moment of its apogee prior to its destruction during the Great Inca Revolt. A recent intensive survey of the central portion of the city provides nuanced data that permits a...
Imperial Space Appropriation and Colonialism during the 16th Century in the Ecuadorian Andes (2019)
This is an abstract from the "SAA 2019: General Sessions" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. The Inka Empire began its process of conquest and colonialism in 1420 in ancient Ecuador. The inkas reproduced their own social spaces for the public, the sacred, and the economic over local spaces. However, such Inka layers of transformation were suddenly truncated by the Spanish arrival at around 1530, which again brought different kinds of populations that...
The Implications of Amaranthaceae Cultivars at the Tiwanaku Site of Cerro San Antonio, Locumba, Perú (2021)
This is an abstract from the "SAA 2021: General Sessions" session, at the 86th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. The Tiwanaku civilization (ca. A.D. 500-1100) originated in the Bolivian Altiplano (3800 masl) of the south-central Andes and grew frost-resistant crops, such as quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa), kiwicha (Amaranthus caudatus), and potatoes (Solanum tuberosum). Throughout the Middle Horizon (A.D. 600-1100), the Tiwanaku expanded into Peruvian coastal valleys (~900...
Improvisation and Creativity at an Emergent Andean Center (2024)
This is an abstract from the "Crafting Archaeological Practice in Africa and Beyond: Celebrating the Contributions of Ann B. Stahl to Global Archaeology" session, at the 89th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Ann Stahl continues to produce a rich, and provocative scholarship, one that has inspired scholars across regions and generations. She has long positioned herself within "intellectual crosscurrents," drawing on literature from a wide range of disciplines. Most...
In the Heart of the Inca: An Osteobiography at Huanacauri (Cusco, Peru) (2019)
This is an abstract from the "SAA 2019: General Sessions" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. This study takes an osteobiographical approach to describe the archaeological significance and life history of the only known individual buried within Huanacauri (Cusco, Peru), one of the most sacred sites in the Inca Empire (ca. 1400-1533 CE). Given the significant location of the burial—in the center of the place the Incas perceived as the foundation of...
In the Land of Llamas and Ají: New Insights into the Late Horizon Inca Occupation of the Middle Sama Valley, Southern Peru (2018)
Since the 1970s, the Sama valley on the far south coast of Peru has been known to house the Inca site of Sama Grande since the excavations of German archaeologist Hermann Trimborn. Situated at the crossroads of the Quapaq Ñan running parallel to the Andean foothills and from the coast to the highlands, Sama Grande was assumed to direct people, animals, and goods across the region during the Late Horizon (14th-15th century AD). In 2017, full-coverage pedestrian survey of the coastal desert plain...
In the Middle of Nowhere: Inter-nodal Archaeology and Mobility in the Southern Andes (2017)
"Inter-nodal archaeology" contributes to research on social processes through the study of the areas between nodes, i.e., places where human activities tend to cluster (sites or densely settled areas, depending on the scale). By focusing on the material traces directly generated by people’s movement, this approach holds great potential for addressing questions regarding who travelled across regions and why. These possibilities are illustrated through research conducted in three inter-nodal areas...
INAA of Loro Ceramics from Zorropata, a Middle Horizon Las Trancas Habitation Site in Nasca, Peru (2017)
Early in the Middle Horizon (c. AD 650-1000), the Wari Empire expanded from its Ayacucho homeland and established at least three colonies (Pacheco, Pataraya, and Inkawasi) in the Southern Nasca Region (SNR) on the South Coast of Peru. Concomitant with the Wari presence local settlement patterns underwent dramatic reorganization. Large portions of the population shifted from the Nasca and Taruga Valleys south to the Las Trancas Valley – away from and perhaps in contention with the Wari. A new...
The Inca Administration of the Middle Cañete Valley, Peru (2021)
This is an abstract from the "SAA 2021: General Sessions" session, at the 86th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. The historical accounts of the Cañete valley, recovered by the Spanish conquistadores, inform that the Incas found two different kinds of reactions to their conquest attempts: while the Guarco kingdom, in the lower valley, resisted the Incas domination; the Lunahuná kingdom, in the middle valley, supported the Inca troops and generals. While this information...
The Inca Dogs and their Ancestors (2017)
The goal of this paper is to elucidate the social role of the dog in ancient Peru as an artifact, a physical manifestation of culture, produced by humans, through archaeological and iconographic interpretation. The large numbers of dogs available for study are a neglected archaeological resource, and one that can provide a wide variety of information on human life and cultures in ancient Peru. Through the examination of archaeological dog remains and dog iconography from differing temporal and...
Inca Hydrodynamics at the Chachabamba Archeological Site (Machu Picchu National Archeological Park, Peru) (2024)
This is an abstract from the "Water Management in the Andes: Past, Present, and Future" session, at the 89th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. The Chachabamba archaeological site in the Machu Picchu National Archeological Park contains a unique water complex erected by the Incas. Based on archaeological investigations, it has been established that the function of this water complex was strictly ceremonial. The necessity to control water flow in an architectural context...
Inca Imperial Colonization and Ethnicity of Northern Chile (2018)
Were the Inca aware of the restrictive possibilities for labor and productivity in the extreme arid territories of the Atacama Desert of northern Chile? How did the Inca officials manage to obtain information that enabled them to identify (i) strategic enclaves for farming, installing administrative and political nodes, exploiting and processing ores, and (ii) a selection of conspicuous mountains to place hilltop shrines? Here we discuss the idea that the rapid, extensive, and efficient...
Inca Presence at Las Huacas, Chincha Valley (2017)
When the Spanish arrived to the coast of Peru they heard stories of the wealthy Chincha Kingdom and the privileged position that they enjoyed within the Inca Empire. Previous archaeological and ethnohistorical research has concluded that at the Chincha Kingdom’s capital of La Centinela, the Inca rulers set up their authority alongside the local lord, and that they left him in charge of ruling the rest of the valley. This poster will present recent research conducted at the site of Las Huacas, a...
Inca Road Emplacement: The case of Canturillas - Nieve-Nieve in the Lurin Valley, Huarochirí, Lima, Peru (2017)
The Qhapaq Ñan or Great Inca Road was declared World Heritage by UNESCO in June 2014. The section of the road located between Pachacamac Sanctuary and the Inca administrative center of Hatun Xauxa (central highlands of Peru), is one of the most important, and one of the segments considered for the UNESCO declaration. Within this portion, the stretch from Canturillas to Nieve-Nieve is located near to the modern town of Nieve Nieve in a desert area, right where the Andes start raising, and...
The Inca State and the Valley of Acari, Peru (2018)
The south coast of Peru was one of the regions conquered relatively early by the expanding Inca state. Following its incorporation, a series of Inca administrative centers were established, all linked by a branch of the Inca road. Tambo Viejo was established in the Acarí Valley. The south coast was, in general, incorporated peacefully into the imperial system; the administrative control exercised by the Inca state was likely to have been exerted through local authorities. However, Inca control...
The Inca State from the South. Agricultural Landscape and Transformations in Pozuelos (Jujuy, Argentina) (2018)
The aim of this paper is to discuss the results of the research conducted at the Moreta settlement in the Pozuelos (Jujuy, Argentina) where we have detected an extensive agricultural area built by the Incas. A critical reading about agrarian landscapes is fundamental in order to recognize the different strategies that Inca state applied in its conquest and control of the Argentinian Northwest. This region experienced a series of transformations during the second millennium CE; in this sense,...
Inca Stone Sources, Quarrying, and Transport (2019)
This is an abstract from the "How Did the Inca Construct Cuzco?" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Stone was fundamental to building Cuzco and there was significant variability in the sources and sizes of stones employed. To understand the history of construction, we must take into account relationships with the people and resources of the wider region, which impacted where the stones originated and how they were worked, transported, and used....
The Inca Transformation of the Lucre Basin (2019)
This is an abstract from the "How Did the Inca Construct Cuzco?" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. In the study of archaic states and empires, much can be gained from analyzing how imperialist regimes transform and modify the landscape and built environment in the pursuit of their political goals. The Inca Empire, which expanded out of the Cusco Valley in the south-central Peruvian Andes ca. 1400 CE, provides an ideal case study to understand this...
Inca Views of the Native Groups of Southern Ecuador (2018)
Over time, the Incas created varying narratives surrounding the native groups of southern Ecuador, including the Paltas, Cañaris, and coastal groups, such as the Punaes. I examine these narratives through historical accounts from both northern sources and Cusco-centric writers, which serve as our primary sources of information, and compare these to archaeological data, which are mainly limited to the Cañari region. These narratives are the product of the history of Inca interactions from initial...
Incas and Yumbos at Palmitopamba, Tulipe and Other Notable Sites on the Northwestern Periphery of Tawantinsuyo (2018)
Survey and excavation data from the western Pichincha cloud forest of northwestern Ecuador have provided tantalizing evidence of an unusual relationship between Incas and the autochthonous Yumbo populations. The monumental pool site of Tulipe, the terraced hill complex of Palmitopamba, and the pucaras of Chacapata and Capillapamba all provide an extraordinary view of the tentative, late expansion of Tawantinsuyo into the sub-Andean jungle of northern Ecuador. After a dozen seasons of excavation...
The Incas in Nasca: A Review of Data from the Northern Drainage (2018)
Little research has been conducted in the Nasca region to explicitly improve our understanding of the nature of Inca occupation in the region. A while back, Menzel (1959) noted the lack of local monumental architecture associated to Inca sites in Nasca. In contrast to the Ica valley, surface data from sites in the Nasca area suggest that local populations lacked socio-political complexity and were organized at the level of simple chiefdom structures. Later on Schreiber (1992) suggested that the...