Georgia (Country) (Geographic Keyword)
876-900 (1,192 Records)
Isla del Rey is a small off-shore islet, located on the Spanish Balearic Island of Menorca. The island is well known for a British Naval Hospital, constructed over multiple periods of British occupation in the 18th century. The hospital was used for 250 years by the British, French and Spanish, and abandoned in the second half of the 20th century. In 2013, the Boston University Field School in Archaeology and Heritage Management began investigating the building, which had not been previously...
Reconstructing Palaeolithic Prey Migration using Oxygen and Laser Ablation Strontium Isotope Measurements in tooth enamel (2017)
This presentation reports isotopic data collected for an investigation of food storage behaviours at the European Gravettian sites of Dolní Vĕstonice-Pavlov (Czech Republic) and Late Glacial site of Kostenki 11 (Russian Federation) dated between 30,000-20,000 years ago. Our methods use strontium isotope (high-resolution measurements by laser ablation) and oxygen isotope analysis to investigate seasonal mobility of the main prey species: woolly mammoth, reindeer, horse, fox and wolf. The isotopic...
Reconstructing Social Networks: Using 3D Scans to Infer Networks of Shared Manufacture Knowledge in Late Bronze Age Central Europe (2017)
This project is a case study using 3D scans of Late Bronze Age swords (~1200-800BC) to recreate community networks of knowledge. Measurements from 111 3D scans of bronze sword hilts were taken based on characteristics related to manufacture and style, including cross sections. Fourier analysis was used to represent the curvature of cross sections numerically. The measurements taken and the results of the Fourier analyses were then processed using principal component analysis to combine related...
Reconstructing Violence: A Multiscalar Approach to Cranial Trauma (2024)
This is an abstract from the "Continued Advances in Method and Theory for Commingled Remains" session, at the 89th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. When analyzing traumatic injury in highly commingled and fragmentary collections, interpreting violence can be particularly challenging as reconstructing the full extent of fractures in an individual is not possible, and not all traumatic injuries are indicative of violence. In these cases, cranial trauma can be the most...
Reconstruction of Genetic Diversity prior to Recolonization of Nearly Extinct Alpine Ibex (Capra ibex) using Ancient DNA (2017)
Human activity has driven several mammal species close to extinction. The Alpine ibex (Capra ibex) suffered a severe bottleneck during the 19th century, when overhunting and habitat loss resulted in less than a hundred individuals surviving in the Italian Alps. Since then, the Alpine ibex has been successfully reintroduced across the Alpine ridge. Genetic analyses reveal a low genetic diversity in all extant populations, a common phenomenon in species that have gone through a recent bottleneck....
Recreating the Timing and Patterns of First Peopling with the Bayesian Approach (2017)
The timing and patterns of first peopling offer exciting opportunities to understand the legacies of colonization. In particular, islands are defined territories where colonization processes can be tracked through a rigorous synthesis of empirical data and a systematic application of Bayesian statistics. Iceland provides one of the world’s premier case studies for human interactions of pristine ecosystems because its colonization in the 9th century occurred relatively late in history....
Red ochre at Hohle Fels, Germany: The use of pigment and space at an Upper Paleolithic cave site (2017)
Some of the most informative artifacts regarding early symbolic behaviors in Europe come from Hohle Fels Cave, Germany. Hohle Fels (HF) boasts a detailed Upper Paleolithic sequence, and an extensive array of ochre artifacts. In this project, we systematically investigate the ochre assemblage at HF by quantity, type and modification, and proximity to other archaeological features. The ochre assemblage includes painted limestone pieces, faunal elements, fossils, and potential grindstones with...
Rediscovering the techniques of early European blacksmiths (1963)
This resource is a citation record only, the Center for Digital Antiquity does not have a copy of this document. The information in this record has been migrated into tDAR from the EXARC Bibliography, originally compiled by Roeland Paardekooper, and updated. Most of these records consist of a document citation and other metadata but do not have the documents themselves uploaded. If you have a digital copy of the document and would like to have it curated in tDAR, please contact us using the...
Reevaluating Early Bronze Age Masculinities: Skeletal and Mortuary Analysis of Transgenderism at Ostojićevo, Serbia (2018)
The Early Bronze Age (EBA) is often characterized as a period of emerging social hierarchies dominated by high status warrior-males. Analysis of human skeletal remains in their mortuary context has the potential to challenge this assumption and inform more nuanced understandings of gender and social status. Individuals (n=285) at the EBA Maros cemetery at Ostojićevo, Serbia (ca. 1900-1500 B.C.E.) exhibit a strong correlation between biological sex and funerary treatment, specifically body...
A Reevaluation of Cribra Orbitalia at Early Bronze Age Bab adh-Dhra’ (2024)
This is an abstract from the "SAA 2024: Individual Abstracts" session, at the 89th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Individuals at Early Bronze Age Bab adh-Dhra’ (located in modern Jordan) lived in densely populated, walled towns, which led to increased physiological stress. Cribra orbitalia, likely resulting from nutritional deficiency, was used as a measure of such stress. A new method of assessing cribra orbitalia using a Bone Porous Lesion Evaluation (BoPLE) form...
Reflexive Conservation Research at Çatalhöyük (2017)
Çatalhöyük, like many earthen sites, is a complex exercise in preservation. Since it was first excavated in the 1960s there have been efforts to preserve the archaeological substrate. A significant part of this program was the application of aqueous polymer systems applied as a consolidant to the plaster and mud brick surfaces. This practice of attempting to strength walls by polymerization was reviewed by means of laboratory testing in the 1990s, and continued to some extent unchallenged for...
Reformulating Cultural Heritage Management Strategies in the Post-Soviet Caucasus region. (2017)
The inheritance of Soviet-molded approaches to cultural heritage has seen slow changes in the last two decades in ex-Soviet South Caucasian countries. This is not surprising: if the same specialists continue to run and manage heritage change is expected to be slow; new generations are just starting to work in state agencies. The exposure of the systems to new approaches and its practical application is a difficult task. To compound the problems, the heritage of Georgia, Azerbaijan and Armenia is...
Refugees, tradition and the state: malleable materials and plastic practices in ceramic production on Lesvos, Greece. (2017)
Lesvos (Mytilini) in the Eastern Aegean has been prominent on our TV screens during the human migration towards Europe. The last major population movement in the area, around 100 years ago, comprised the Greek-speaking Christian Orthodox, including several potters, forced out of Asia Minor. Some of these craftspeople came from Canakkale, in present day Turkey, working in the tradition of sometimes bizarre glazed wares. They settled on an island with a large number of active workshops producing...
Regional Archaeology in the Peja and Istog Districts of Kosova (RAPID-Kosova): Results of the 2018 Field Season (2019)
This is an abstract from the "SAA 2019: General Sessions" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. This paper reports the results of an initial season of regional archaeological survey in western Kosova, in the districts of Peja and Istog. RAPID-Kosova is the first intensive, systematic survey ever conducted in Kosova, and aims to document settlement and settlement change through time. During June of 2018, we ran three survey teams in three zones covering...
Regional Political Economies in the South Caucasus: Tracing Social Boundaries in a Eurasian Context (2017)
After more than a century of Russian Imperial and Soviet research dominated by the excavation of tumulus burials, researchers in the South Caucasus have now spent two decades investigating exactly how settlement archaeology sheds light on the inhabitants of the region's earliest polities (ca. 1500-1150 BC). Most of this data has emerged from the sites of the Tsaghkahovit Plain, which have served as a micro-regional laboratory for Bronze and Iron Age studies since 1998. But how exactly do these...
Regional Trade and Political Power in the Carpathian Basin Bronze Age: The Case of Pecica-Şanţul Mare (Romania) (2017)
Pecica Şanţul-Mare (Romania) was a major trade center during the Middle Bronze Age. Its inhabitants participated intensively in regional and extra-regional exchange networks, bringing a range of utilitarian and prestige goods into the Lower Mureş valley. The quantity and diversity of imported items at Pecica far exceeds that of contemporary settlements in the region, with goods often by-passing other Mureş Culture communities along the major trade routes. Pecica also appears to have had...
Reinventing the Wheel: Discovering the Late Copper Age in Hungary, Again (2018)
At about 3500 BC, a seemingly intrusive population of burial mound (kurgan) builders undertook a long-term series of migrations that resulted in the disruption of settlement patterns and social structures throughout eastern and central Europe. This phenomenon coincided with the emergence of the expansive and geographically homogeneous Baden material culture. From the 1960s to the 1990s, a series of archaeologists investigated the relationship between kurgan builders and Baden in the Carpathian...
A Relational View of Pilgrimage: Movements, Materials, and Affects (2017)
In this paper I discuss three tenets of what I call a relational view of pilgrimage. Overall, this perspective sees pilgrimage as a means through which people, things, places, and more move and converge in ways that instigate what Eliade (1959) called "hierophanies." The first tenet is that movement is crucial – indeed, the nature of a pilgrimage depends on what, where, and how entities (human and non-human) move and assemble. The second is that objects and landscapes (e.g., relics, offerings,...
The Relationship between Humans and Camels in Late Prehistoric Southeastern Arabia: The Problems of Distinguishing between 'Wild' and 'Domestic' Camels Using Zooarchaeological Materials and Methods (2019)
This is an abstract from the "Questioning the Fundamentals of Plant and Animal Domestication" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. The dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) is a crucial component of the lifeways of humans in arid regions. Delineating the nature of the early relationship between humans and dromedaries is therefore critical to our understanding of the ancient human societies that co-existed with the dromedary in these areas. Many studies...
The Relationship between Isotopic Evidence of Childhood Diet and Childhood Rickets in a Nineteenth-Century Jordanian Bedouin Population (2024)
This is an abstract from the "SAA 2024: Individual Abstracts" session, at the 89th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. The site of Tell Hisban offers a unique perspective on the history of metabolic disease among nineteenth-century Middle Eastern Bedouin populations. Compared to regional samples from the same period, Hisban has a high rate of childhood metabolic disease, including rickets. Many infants at the site died with active rickets, and analysis of interglobular...
Religious belief and cooperation in Viking societies (2017)
It has become clear in recent years that it was not uncommon for Viking groups to be heterogeneous. Numerous studies carried out over the last 25 years indicate that, in the short term at least, sociocultural diversity has a negative impact on trust within communities, and that this leads to a reduction in the willingness of community members to support public projects. Thus, one issue raised by the discovery that many Viking groups were heterogeneous is how loyalty to the group was achieved. In...
The Religious Network in the Early Spanish Colonialism in Asia: A Comparative Study of Seventeenth-Century Church Sites in Archaeological Contexts (2023)
This is an abstract from the "SAA 2023: Individual Abstracts" session, at the 88th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Evangelization of China and Japan was one of the missions of Spanish colonial projects in Asia, and churches, as critical monuments in colonial landscapes, could be an access to investigate European colonial activities. However, unlike the rich studies of missionary archaeology in the Americas, although some church sites have been excavated or documented...
Remembering the Dead in the Ancient Near East: Recent Contributions from Bioarchaeology and Mortuary Archaeology (2014)
Remembering the Dead in the Ancient Near East is among the first comprehensive treatments to present the diverse ways in which ancient Near Eastern civilizations memorialized and honored their dead, using mortuary rituals, human skeletal remains, and embodied identities as a window into the memory work of past societies. In six case studies teams of researchers with different skill sets—osteological analysis, faunal analysis, culture history and the analysis of written texts, and artifact...
Rennes-le-Château, history and myth in competition (2024)
This is an abstract from the "SAA 2024: Individual Abstracts" session, at the 89th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. In a small French village, discussions of medieval heretics and history have become combined by modern tourists. Popular literature has only added to the issue. Since the publication of pieces like Holy Blood, Holy Grail and the Da Vinci Code, the line between fact and fiction has grown thin. In 1965, excavations in Rennes-le-Château, the village which...
The repeated replacement model reexamined – Methodological considerations and dataset improvements (2017)
Five years ago a general explanation model was introduced regarding the observed dynamics during the Upper Paleolithic timeframe on the Iberian Peninsular. In doing so, a scenario of repeated replacements of human groups was established, reflected by fluctuations within the radiocarbon chronology and changes within the archaeological record. Incorporated into the "Adaptive Cycle Model", this model assumes a strong relationship between the constant changes of stadial-interstadial environmental...