South America (Continent) (Geographic Keyword)

DOCUMENT Citation Only Manuel Mamani. Jesus Mamani.

Una de las más grandes reformas llevadas a cabo durante el Virreinato en el Perú fue la Reducción General de Indios, que consistió en el traslado y reubicación de las poblaciones indígenas. Este proceso de cambios no solo se enfocó en la generación de una nueva forma de asentamientos humanos, sino que también afectaron con toda una estructura social, que a su vez repercutió en el modo de vida y bagaje cultural materializado en la distribución, uso y representación de espacios, es este el caso de...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Gabriel Prieto.

Traditionally, Andean archaeologists label residential settlements as "Salinar" or "Moche" and automatically assumed they "belong" to a particular society/culture. Since 2010, I have been excavating multiple sites around Huanchaco bay, located in the littoral of the Moche Valley, North Coast of Peru. One particularity of this coastline is that there is still an active group of fishermen exploiting the sea resources using traditional technology. The continuity between the earliest occupation...

DOCUMENT Citation Only R. Jeffrey Frost.

Chiriquí Period (700-1500 CE) archaeological sites have been the subject of systematic scientific research for more than 50 years. However, archaeologists are only recently beginning to define and understand regional and temporal variations in artistic styles, settlement patterns, and village organization.  In this paper, I summarize emerging patterns in village placement, cemetery organization, and the construction of public space. Continuities in the elements of constructed spaces, such as the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jo Burkholder.

Data from excavations at the site of Pisanay, a Late Intermediate Period "sanctuary" with some remains of Early Intermediate Period ceremonialism, can be used to frame a sort of "before and after" picture of Middle Horizon developments in the Sihuas Valley of Arequipa and the changing nature of cultural ties to the region. Most striking of these is the shifting pattern of materials ties impacted by the intervening influence of the Wari cultural horizon, seen in the ceramics and textiles...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Noa Corcoran Tadd.

This is an abstract from the "Lost in Transition: Social and Political Changes in the Central Southern Andes from the Late Prehispanic to the Early Colonial Periods" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Despite excellent work in the field over the past two decades, the tensions between continuity and rupture in archaeological accounts of the colonial ‘transition’ in the Andes have tended to remain under-theorized. Drawing on recent fieldwork in Tacna...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Adolfo Gil. Gustavo Neme. Ricardo Villalba. Jacob Freeman.

The Late Holocene archaeological record of central western Argentina shows a mosaic of human strategies, ranging from farmers to hunter-gatherers. This presentation evaluates if differences in subsistence practices among groups in a similar biophysical environmental generated different demographic and socio ecological responses to climatic change over the last 3000 years. We use radiocarbon dates as a proxy for human population size and growth rates and 13C and 15N stable isotopes on human bone...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Alexis Mantha.

This is an abstract from the "Beyond the Round House: Spatial Logic and Settlement Organization across the Late Andean Highlands" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Late Intermediate settlements in the Rapayán/Tantamayo region are distributed in two main ecological zones: quechua/suni between 2500 to 3900 m.a.s.l. and puna above 4000 m.a.s.l. The majority of residential sites occupy the quechua/suni ecological zone. These settlements display a fairly...

DOCUMENT Citation Only María Scattolin. Leticia Cortés.

The most ancient metallurgy of pre-Columbian America originated and evolved in the Andes, reaching great levels of technical sophistication. However, as a few interesting cases of these first moments of experimentation with metals come from Perú, with them comes the popular idea that any technical advance took place in the Peruvian Andes. Because complex societies later emerged in what is now Central Andes, there is a tendency to think that all technological innovations did as well. This could...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Carlos Osores.

This is an abstract from the "From Households to Empires: Papers Presented in Honor of Bradley J. Parker" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. The goal of this paper is to review the influence of Bradley J. Parker on household archaeology in the Andes--with an emphasis on the North Coast of Peru--based on papers, hundreds of conversations, and future ideas. Parker and I started to work on common projects together in 2014. From my point of view, Parker´s...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Daniel Martins Gusmao. Ricardo dos Santos Guimaraes.

This is a poster submission presented at the 2020 annual meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology. At the end of 2017, the Brazilian Navy launched a major campaign for awareness and protection of underwater cultural heritage located within jurisdictional waters of Brazil. This campaign is intended to share with the public the need to preserve and protect submerged archaeological sites, mainly shipwrecks, which in the past have been subjected to looting and improper exploitation. With...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Ani St. Amand.

This is an abstract from the "SAA 2019: General Sessions" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a complex climatic phenomenon that has shaped both the environment and human behavior on the North Coast of Peru for millennia. Currently, El Niño, a component of ENSO, occurs every 3-8 years. Often associated with heavy rains that penetrate this normally arid coastal desert, ENSO brings flooding, erosion, and an...

DOCUMENT Citation Only John Hoopes.

This is an abstract from the "Unraveling the Mysteries of the Isthmo-Colombian Area’s Past: A Symposium in Honor of Archaeologist Richard Cooke and His Contributions" session, at the 89th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Richard Cooke's pioneering studies in zooarchaeology of the Neotropics have redefined the way that archaeologists, art historians, ethnohistorians, and ethnographers utilize data from faunal remains, not only in the reconstruction of past environments,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Anthony Ranere.

This is an abstract from the "Unraveling the Mysteries of the Isthmo-Colombian Area’s Past: A Symposium in Honor of Archaeologist Richard Cooke and His Contributions" session, at the 89th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. The PSM was a multidisciplinary project in Central Pacific Panama with the major fieldwork carried out during the years 1981 through 1986. The goals of the proposed research were to identify the relationships between settlement types and subsistence...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Rachael Penfil. Kelita Pérez Cubas.

The Pisco Valley was an important node for the Inka empire’s control of what is now the southern coast of Peru, as evidenced by the presence of the large Inka administrative center of Tambo Colorado. This valley additionally would have been a strategic location for sociopolitical and economic exchanges between the Inka empire and the Chincha kingdom, whose capital is located just to the north in the Chincha Valley. This preliminary research utilizes survey data and GIS analyses to examine access...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Dennis Ogburn.

This is an abstract from the "Warfare and the Origins of Political Control " session, at the 88th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Ancient empires relied on warfare to conquer other groups and incorporate them politically. However, they did not always resort to armed conquest and often annexed new territories through negotiation backed by the perception of the empire’s military strength, which also underpinned the consolidation and perpetuation of political control in...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Weston McCool.

Warfare was a significant sociopolitical practice throughout the Andes during the Late Intermediate Period (AD 1000–1450). A salient research topic within broader investigations of conflict is how populations cope with chronic warfare. This article utilizes statistical and GIS-based analyses of architectural features and settlement patterns to reconstruct defensive coping mechanisms among fortified settlements in the Southern Nasca region of Peru. Specifically, this research evaluates how...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Ann Peters.

This is an abstract from the "The Ties That Bind: Cordage, Its Sources, and the Artifacts of Its Creation and Use" session, at the 89th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. The Paracas Necropolis mortuary tradition is famous for its embroidered garments and imagery, though the textile bundles built around each individual also have a complex sequence of other artifacts within huge cotton wrapping cloths, stitched and bound in place; other offerings are adjacent. Cordage is...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Mariusz Ziolkowski. Jacek Kosciuk. Bartlomiej Cmielewski.

This is an abstract from the "How Did the Inca Construct Cuzco?" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. This paper stresses the importance of surveying precision for any studies related to inca architecture and urbanism. Based on 3D laser scanning of the Coricancha complex, different cases are presented. The first case is an evaluation of hypotheses regarding the possible astronomical function of this temple. Among them, of particular importance is the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Monika I. Therrien.

The Spanish settlement of Santafe de Bogota is examined from a basic standpoint, that of the concept of corography introduced by the Spanish Monarchy as a means to gain control of the ever expanding Empire. Corography became the instrument through which Spaniards came to recognize the new environment and the people that inhabited it, but always from their own point of view. In this ongoing project, the concept is reintroduced through the analysis of material culture evidences (geological,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Matt Edwards. Weston McCool.

Global studies of ancient imperialism are beginning to focus on the importance of communication corridors (roads, canals, waterways, etc.) in the origins, formation, and expansion of empires. As the number of such corridors increase and intertwine, a network is formed on the landscape that many past empires, including—we believe—the Wari, augmented with considerable imperial investment. By constricting the number of reasonable overland routes, mountainous terrain can concentrate such imperial...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Edward Swenson.

This is an abstract from the "A New Horizon: Reassessing the Andean Middle Horizon (AD 600–1000) and Rethinking the Andean State" session, at the 86th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. In his analysis of Shang authority structures, Campbell attacks the search for ancient states in the archaeological record as founded on “an illusory and anachronistic projection of modern political contingencies” (2009:821). Indeed, a narrow focus on rational leadership strategies or the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Silvina Castro. Gustavo Lucero. Valeria Cortegoso. Marsh Eric.

Based on geo-archaeological studies on the Argentine–Chilean border in the southern Andes, a method is proposed for ranking lithic sources based on the quality of the material, cost of accessibility, and location along travel corridors. In the upper Las Taguas river valley (northwestern San Juan Province, Argentina, 5500–3700 masl), 32,622 lithic artifacts from 30 sites were analyzed to study the variation in the use of seven lithic sources between 10,000 and 500 cal BP. We ranked the time...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Emily Roberts.

In this paper, major focus will be given to metal artifacts and fragments, examined with respect to object type, production technique, and their distribution throughout different architectural spaces during the 2017 excavations of Patipampa, a domestic sector of the Middle Horizon (AD 500-1000) city of Huari. These artifacts, collected during excavation and flotation, will be compared to finished products and fragments belonging to other artifact classes, such as shell, across multiple...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Rachael Penfil. Patrick Ryan Williams. Marie Elizabeth Grávalos. Lauren Monz.

This paper presents preliminary analysis and interpretations of a craft production space located within a single residential patio group on the summit of Cerro Baúl, located in the Moquegua Valley of Peru on the Wari- Tiwanaku frontier. Excavations in a patio group located close to a Tiwanaku temple exposed a dense artifact midden which included obsidian points and debitage, shell and lithic beads, burnt ceramics, and bone. Evidence of subfloor offerings, marked by multiple cuy internments in...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Virginia Ochoa-Winemiller.

This is an abstract from the "Postclassic Mesoamerica: The View from the Southern Frontier" session, at the 86th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. This paper focuses on the regional role that two artisan communities, Chichicaste and Dos Quebradas, played as producers of pottery and obsidian blades within regional exchange networks. Chichicaste pottery has been recovered from many Honduran sites as well as from El Salvador and northern Nicaragua. The wide distribution of...