Union of Myanmar (Country) (Geographic Keyword)
226-250 (729 Records)
This is an abstract from the "Living and Dying in Mountain and Highland Landscapes" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. In the late Holocene, a cooling and drying climate, greater intergroup contact, and increasing sociopolitical complexity prevailed across Eurasia. On the eastern edge of the Qinghai Plateau, at the edge of the East Asian summer monsoon zone, millet farming societies faced local, cyclical changes to moisture and vegetation between 3000...
Farming vs. Herding: Subsistence Practice during the Late Neolithic Evidenced by Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Isotopes in Shengedaliang, North Shaanxi, China (2017)
In order to explore subsistence patterns in northern Shaanxi Province around 4,000 BP, human and animal bones from the Shimao, Zhaimouliang, Shengedaliang, Huoshiliang, and Muzhuhzuliang sites were sampled for stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratio analysis. The results show that most people primarily subsisted on C4 resources, e.g. millet and millet-related animal products, despite the fact that there was some intake of C3 plants by some individuals. Stable nitrogen isotope values indicate...
Fauna from Funan: An Examination of Human-Animal Relationships at Angkor Borei, Cambodia (500 BCE–500 CE) (2024)
This is an abstract from the "The Current State of Archaeological Research across Southeast Asia" session, at the 89th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. This talk will discuss the preliminary results from a study focusing on the analysis of select faunal remains from the Early Historic/Pre-Angkorian site of Angkor Borei, Cambodia. Angkor Borei is one of Southeast Asia’s earliest urban centers, located in the Mekong Delta region of southern Cambodia. It was also a...
Faunal Evidence for a Big Feast Event within a Bronze Age City Site in China (2023)
This is an abstract from the "SAA 2023: Individual Abstracts" session, at the 88th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. The Zhenghan Gucheng (郑韩故城) site is a well-preserved ancient capital city of Zheng and Han states during Eastern Zhou. It is located at the joining of River Shuangji (Ancient river Wei) and the Yellow River (Ancient river Qin), lying beneath modern Xinzheng city, Henan province, China. Within this city site, well-developed area division and function...
Faunal management and human-landscape interactions at Ifugao, Luzon, Philippines (2017)
One major contribution of the Ifugao Archaeological Project in the northern Philippines (Luzon) is associating the origins of the Ifugao wet-rice terrace complex with local resistance against Spanish colonial expansion. With the establishment of wet-rice agriculture in the highlands by the early 17th century, it is anticipated that the acquisition and management of fauna would have been modified to adapt to new strategies of crop production. In this context, it is hypothesized that changes in...
Faunal Remains and Subsistence Economy of the Gungokri Shell Midden Site (ca. Third Century BCE to Fifth Century CE) (2023)
This is an abstract from the "Social and Environmental Interactions on Coasts and Islands in Korea" session, at the 88th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. The Haenam Gungokri site (ca. third century BCE to fifth century CE) is a noteworthy, long-occupied early Iron Age site located along the Baekpo Bay at the southwesternmost coast of the Korean Peninsula. Subsistence economy of the Gungokri occupants, however, is still not well understood due to the limited study on...
Faunal remains from the Yangguanzhai site (2017)
Over several seasons of excavation, a large quantity of faunal remains have been unearthed from the Yangguanzhai site. These remains were all collected systematically by excavation unit and have been carefully measured and identified by taxon. The analysis of these remains indicates the presence of at least 11 species, including fresh water shellfish (Unio douglasiae), pheasant, crane, dog, domestic pig, roe deer, spotted deer, red deer, and cattle. The presence of some of these species suggests...
Feast as a Farming ‘Technique’ – Ethnohistorical Case Studies from Amami and Yaeyama Islands, Japan (2017)
Since the role of feast as a calendar marker for farming communities was proposed by Bender in 1970s, ‘practical’ roles of feasts in production systems have been debated. In this paper, I argue that feasts can also considered as a farming 'technique' because they can substantially enable regular and continuous farming production by motivating and obliging people for the production, particularly in settings unfavorable for cultivation. In Japan, the southern Amami and Yaeyama Islands were...
Feasting from the Early to Middle Jomon Period Deduced from Seed Impressions on Pottery (2017)
Seed impressions of cultigens have been recovered from pottery of the early to middle Jomon periods in the central highland of Honshu and the western Kanto district of Japan. These include such cultigens as Perilla fructescens introduced from China and Azuki bean (Vigna angularis) and Soy bean (Glycine max) domesticated in Japan. They often occur in large numbers and are also found even in clay figurines (Dogu). I found that the seeds exist not only on pottery surfaces, but also within pottery...
Feeding ecology of the Okhotsk hunter-gather-fishers estimated by stable isotope analysis (2017)
Hamanaka-2 site in the Rebun Island, Hokkaido, Japan provides a good faunal assemblage made by Epi-Jomon and Okhotsk hunter-gatherer-fishers. In this study, we reconstruct feeding ecology of the Okhotsk hunter-gatherer-fishers by applying the stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis to faunal and human remains from the Hamanaka-2 site. As a result of the analysis, Okhotsk humans were at the highest trophic level among the mammals, domesticated dogs indicated the similar but slightly lower...
Field School on the Road: An Archaeological Experience without a Site (2023)
This is an abstract from the "Archaeology and Indigenous Issues in Hokkaido Island, Japan" session, at the 88th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Hokkaido University’s Center for Ainu and Indigenous Studies sponsors an annual International Archaeological Field School on Rebun Island. The site, spanning epi-Jomon to historic Ainu periods, sits on a sandbar that has over time cut off a freshwater source to the Sea of Japan, creating an ideal occupation area. The summer...
Fieldwork Prior to the CPAS and the Influence of CPAS on Recent Fieldwork (2023)
This is an abstract from the "The Chengdu Plain Archaeology Survey (2004–2011): Highlights from the Final Report" session, at the 88th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. This poster examines archaeological fieldwork and discoveries made in the Chengdu Plain prior to the launch of the Chengdu Plain Archaeological Survey (CPAS) project in 2005. We pay particular attention to pre-Qin sites found in key areas of CPAS. Since the 1980s, due to the urban development of the...
Finding Buddha: Hi-tech approach to the study of Buddhist transition at the Angkorian center of Preah Khan of Kompong Svay, Cambodia (10th to 16th c. CE) (2017)
The Two Buddhist Towers Project seeks to identify material culture evidence of the important shift from Mahayana to Theravada Buddhism during the decline of the Angkorian Khmer Empire. At the regional center of Preah Khan of Kompong Svay, also known as Bakan, the most representative iconography, found for example at the Tower of Preah Thkol and the temple of Prasat Stoeng, shows the religious foundations of Mahayana Buddhism, which was probably practiced at the site since its inception. On the...
Finding Greener Pastures: The local development of agro-pastoralism in the Ordos Region, North China (2017)
This paper integrated new archaeobotanical and zooarchaeological research in the Ordos region to provide new information on the timing, mechanisms, and process of development of agro-pastoralism in China. The paper includes a new synthesis of archaeobotanical, and zooarchaeological data to understand the nature and the beginnings of agro-pastoralism as early as the Late Neolithic period (2600-1900 B.C.）. Environmental factors constrained and shaped animal husbandry in the Ordos Region, an area...
Finding the Right Spot: Utilizing Historic Maps, Period Imagery, and Archaeological Data to Identify Aircraft Crash Sites within the Larger Battlefield Landscape (2017)
Identifying aircraft crash sites is a critical component of the mission of the Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency. This paper uses several examples of aircraft crash incidents and illustrates the contextual use of multiple lines of data, such as historic imagery, GPS, period maps, and GIS for the effective location of individual crash sites across the greater battlefield landscape. This effort is undertaken to help address the goals associated with DPAA's greater mission: the return of missing...
The First East-West Dichotomy? (2018)
Hallam Movius proposed that the Lower Palaeolithic cultures of East Asia and SE Asia were derived from a different cultural trajectory than that of Europe and Africa. The chopper-chopping tool complex of East and SE Asia was argued to be more primitive in many aspects. The type-site assemblages of the Pacitanian and Tampanian cultures are two out of only five assemblages that Movius initially used to define the chopper-chopping tool complex. The Pacitanian was first discovered by Michael Tweedie...
Food, Rituals, and Beliefs: Multiple Interpretations of Plants unearthed from Tombs of Chu State—The example of Zanthoxylum bungeanum (2024)
This is an abstract from the "SAA 2024: Individual Abstracts" session, at the 89th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Zanthoxylum bungeanum, a vital component of ancient Chinese culinary life, has been unearthed from many tombs associated with the Chu state. As a prominent funerary offering, it is presumed to hold distinct roles and functions within the burial context. The presence of Zanthoxylum bungeanum alongside various fruit remains underscores its multifaceted...
Foreseeable Tools: Lithic Use-Wear and Technological Organizations in Evolutionary Perspectives (2019)
This is an abstract from the "SAA 2019: General Sessions" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. The paper explores some problems concerning the relationship between aspects of lithic technology and the cultural evolutionary theory. There are three fundamental realms in stone tool analysis, namely, typology, technology, and functional studies. These research phases are integrated into the study of "technological organizations" in the sense of Binford...
Formation of Early State in Highland Southwest China: Rethinking Yelang Culture (2018)
Recent archaeological discoveries in Guizhou, China have moved some scholars to describe and argue for the material existence of a legendary state, Yelang; roughly contemporary with Chinese powers from the late Eastern Zhou to the early Western Han dynasty. Except for precious objects reserved for high ranking people, traditionally-identified indicators of early urban civilizations are largely absent in Guizhou. If the appearance of luxury objects and their applications in well-regulated...
Fortified Towns in a Nomadic Pastoral Landscape on the Mongolian Steppe: Bai Balik and the Northern Railways Archaeological Project (2017)
Mongolia is well known for its history of nomadic pastoralism and Bronze and Early Iron Age burials and monuments. For a brief period in the 8th and 9th centuries, however, the Uygher and Khitan Khanates built large towns and urban centers. One of these, Bai Balik was established about 758 CE during the northward expansion of the Uyghur Empire, by the Uyghur khagan, Bayanchur Khan as a ceremonial and trading center in the fertile and strategically located Selenge Valley. This well-known site,...
Foundations of Childhood: Bioarchaeology of Subadults at the Late Shang Capital of Yinxu (2017)
Oracle-bone inscriptions and pre-Han texts say little about children, making bioarchaeology the best available method to study childhood during earlier periods. In 2004, extensive excavations were carried out on building foundations in Dasikong Village, a Late Shang (c.1200-1046 BC) lineage neighborhood found on the outskirts of modern-day Anyang, Henan Province, China. This led to a uniquely high recovery of subadult remains as younger subadults are often found in and around foundations. For...
Four Thousand Years of Disaster, Vulnerability, and Resilience in the Lower Yellow River, China (2024)
This is an abstract from the "Equity in the Archaeology of Disaster, Past, Present, and Future" session, at the 89th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. For the past 4,000 years, humans have assaulted the environments of the lower Yellow River Valley. For millennia this region has been an entirely cultivated and (mis)managed anthropogenic landscape. Indeed, the lower Yellow River is called the “river of sorrow” and flows through a land of famine. At the same time, though,...
From a strategic passage to a remote town ----the status change of Dunhuang in the history of China and West communication reflected from the beacon ruins in Dunhuang (2017)
Silk Road played an important role in the ancient China and West communication. Dunhuang is located in the most western part of the Hexi Corridor, which is a valley between Qilian Mountain and Beishan Mountain. It connects the countries of the Middle Asia, Europe and Africa in west and the East Asia in East. Beacon ruin is the most important type among the archaeological ruins, and played a key role in protecting the Northwest frontier and the Silk Road accessibility. Among the 182 ruins of...
From Hunting and Gathering to Farming in Northern Thailand (2017)
Southeast Asia’s prehistoric zooarchaeological record is peculiar: faunal assemblages are seemingly ‘diverse,’ and generally include a large number of mammalian/reptilian/avian and molluscan species, but often these assemblages lack telltale evidence for human consumption. Therefore, one of the primary challenges confronting zooarchaeologists in this region is identifying what taxa were actually exploited by prehistoric foragers and how these patterns changed over time. This paper investigates...
From Mesopotamia to Taiwan: Early Plant Ash Glass in the South China Sea (2024)
This is an abstract from the "The Elemental Analysis Facility at the Field Museum: Celebrating 20 Years Serving the Archaeological Community " session, at the 89th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Plant ash glass was common around the South China Sea from the eighth century CE onward. While this “late” plant ash glass was mostly found in the form of vessel fragments of Islamic origin, “early” plant ash glass appeared before the mid-first millennium CE, predominantly in...