North America - Southwest (Geographic Keyword)
801-825 (899 Records)
In 2004 Congress authorized Petrified Forest National Park to more than double in size, in part to protect unique cultural resources. This poster introduces the preliminary results of the third and final season of pedestrian survey in these new lands. So far this research has recorded archaeological sites dating from the Archaic through the Late Pueblo periods. Sites range from lithic landscapes covering hundreds of acres to multi-room masonry or adobe structures. Survey methodology has focused...
Through fire and water: the vulnerability and resilience of highland Ancestral Puebloan communities to prehistoric droughts in the Jemez Mountains, New Mexico (2015)
Establishing causality between climate change and cultural history is often fraught by mismatched temporal scales and weak archaeological correlates. In the Jemez Mountains of New Mexico the abandonment of large villages on the Pajarito Plateau in the early 16th century has largely been attributed to drought, however the persistence of large communities on the adjacent Jemez Plateau, which shares similar climate histories, ecological settings, and prehistoric adaptations, has not been...
Tiles, Tourism, and Museums: Changes in Historic Ceramic Tiles in the Southwest since the Late 19th Century (2016)
From the late 19th century to the present, Pueblo potters created ceramic tiles for sale to museums, tourists, and trading posts. Analysis of historic ceramic tiles from collections at the School for Advanced Research and the Museum of Indian Arts and Culture, both in Santa Fe, show a pattern for the tiles based on comparisons of tile dimensions, including length, width, and diameter, and tile decorations with the cultural affiliation of the artist, the artist themselves, and the decade in which...
Time and Technology at Kwastiyukwa, a Large Classic-Period Pueblo in the Jemez Mountains, New Mexico (2015)
This paper is part of an ongoing study associated with the FHiRE Project, which examines the interaction of fire, landscapes, and people in prehistory in the Jemez Mountains of New Mexico. Before we can examine higher-level questions of demography and interaction through time, it is necessary to firmly establish time with as much precision as possible. This paper represents the first step toward building and anchoring a detailed chronological framework for occupation at Kwastiyukwa, a large...
Title: Exploring the Keresan Bridge: Acoma Glaze Ware Pottery Production and Exchange in an Inter-Regional Context (2017)
In recent years, patterns of decorated pottery production and exchange, as revealed through mineralogical, chemical and isotopic characterization analyses, have been central to modelling the inter-regional dynamics of late precontact social networks in the American Southwest. However, the role of the Acoma region within these networks remains poorly studied and largely unknown. In particular, questions remain about the significance of the Acoma or Western Keres region as a potential "bridge"...
To and From Hopi: Negotiating Identity through Migration, Coalescence, and Closure at the Homol'ovi Settlement Cluster (2017)
The Homol’ovi Settlement Cluster (HSC) holds a significant place in Hopi history as a source of immigrants and a destination for emigrants. In addition to representing an important location along the migration route for groups from the South and East, these villages also housed people who temporarily emigrated from the Hopi mesas. As such, the HSC provides a unique perspective on the processes of population and social movement that contributed to the current form of Hopi society. Using the...
To Retest or Not To Retest: A Case Study at Wide Ruins (2015)
To conduct an archaeological data recovery project using another’s testing results as your guide can be problematic, especially when those results are over a decade old. In 2014 Northland Research, Inc. undertook a large data recovery project at two sites located at the Wide Ruins Community on the Navajo Nation. Both of these sites had been previously tested by a company other than Northland. One of these sites AZ P-37-42(NN) was an obvious habitation with the remnants of a room block and an...
To the Four Winds – Identities and Destinies on New Spain’s Far Northern Frontier: the Piro and Tiwa Provinces of New Mexico, c. 1540-1740. (2016)
The roughly 200 years from the Coronado expedition to the reoccupation of the Tiwa pueblo of Sandia (Na-fiat, Tuf Shur Tia) in the 1740s brought unprecedented challenges on two of the largest Puebloan groups, the southern Tiwas and their neighbors, the Piros. Although impact from Spanish encounters and other stressors varied, Piro and Tiwa pueblos were dramatically reduced in number at the time of the Pueblo Revolt of 1680. Decades after the Revolt, the Tiwa pueblos of Isleta (Tue-I) and Sandia...
Tom Windes and Southwestern Dendroarchaeology (2015)
Tom Windes is virtually unique among archaeologists for his appreciation of the range of dendrochronology’s contribution to archaeology and of the preservation crisis that afflicts the integrity of wooden elements in Southwestern archaeological sites of all ages. Tom’s interest in dendrochronology as more than dating led him to develop sampling tools, techniques, and protocols that maximize the behavioral and chronological information in dendroarchaeological wood. His recognition of the...
Tom Windes: Celebrating 40 Years of Innovative Research on the Colorado Plateau. (2015)
Tom Windes has been a leader of innovative research on the Colorado Plateau for over four decades. His early work as the archaeologist on the Manti-LaSalle National Forest in southern Utah lead to one of the first pot hunting prosecutions under ARPA. His Forest Service career was followed by work with the Zuni Tribe and then nearly three decades of association with the National Park Service’s Chaco Center. Tom has become synonymous with all things Chaco, serving as Project Director for the Chaco...
Toward a Dynamic Geospatial Model of Shifting Hydrologic Regimes and Agricultural Potential at Chaco Canyon: Report from the Field (2017)
This paper summarizes objectives, strategies and preliminary findings of ongoing research at Chaco Canyon led by the University of New Mexico and the Puente Institute, and funded by the National Science Foundation. The paper focuses on the use of advanced geospatial technologies for field data collection, analysis, and visualization. Project datasets to be discussed include airborne and terrestrial lidar, stereo panoramic photogrammetry, kite/balloon mapping, GIS-based full-motion video,...
Toward a Sovereignty-Driven Paradigm for Transdisciplinary Research on Social-Ecological Systems (2015)
In addition to substantive findings about changing relations between Jemez communities and forest ecologies, our multidisciplinary project is suggesting some promising strategies for enhancing research engagements with American Indian tribes. In spite of due diligence in consulting with Jemez Pueblo leaders in the course of project planning and in engaging Jemez people and interests in project processes, we are concerned that the project’s scientific contributions outweigh its beneficial effects...
Towards a Food Production Calendar for the Lower Salt Valley (2015)
A food production calendar for the Lower Salt River Valley would amplify our understanding of the largest prehistoric irrigation system in the New World. Hunt and Ingram have assembled a food production calendar for the Akimel O’odham (Pima) and Hohokam of the Middle Gila River valley (Kiva 2014). A question is whether this calendar can be extended to the Lower Salt River valley. The environmental variable for which we have the most information is air temperature. The historical records of...
Tracing Relationships Among Buffalo Soldiers in 19th Century Fort Davis, Texas (2015)
The historic archaeology of US cavalry forts in the 19th century allows for exploration of a wide range of social issues and historical questions. Using examples from Fort Davis, Texas, this study analyzes Buffalo Soldier troops stationed there from 1867-1891. It presents results of an investigation of male identified homosociality within black communities by tracing male relationships within 19th century gendered labor spaces. A queer perspective allows this research to focus on the bonds and...
Tracing the Growth of Historic Preservation in the U.S. and the Arc of Tom Windes’s Career (2015)
The passage of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) in 1966 and the conferring of Tom Windes’s M.A. in Anthropology in 1967 appear to be causally independent, but thereafter the arc of historic preservation and Windes’s archaeological career are intertwined. We distinguish three major stages in cultural resource management over the last 50 years, each of which tracks almost seamlessly with the changing focus of Windes’s work. The challenges of defining the intent of the act, enforcing...
Tracing the Production of Fourteenth-century Red Ware in East-central Arizona (2016)
Ancestral Pueblo peoples in east-central Arizona crafted a unique type of representational-style pottery (Fourmile Polychrome) by the early AD 1300s. Questions remain about where the type was manufactured and how it circulated in the region. We present the results of a neutron activation analysis (NAA) of sherds from three villages where the type was likely produced. Building on earlier research, our analyses clarify issues of provenance and speak to the fourteenth-century social networks...
Tracking the Footprints of Early Agricultural Farmers in Tucson, Arizona (2017)
Located at the confluence of the Rillito and Santa Cruz Rivers in Tucson, Arizona, archaeological excavations discovered an ancient agricultural field and canal irrigation system that contained human footprints belonging to an estimated 7 adults and 2 children, and 1 set of canine prints. These fields and footprints date between 1,000 and 500 B.C. This exceptional discovery drew worldwide media attention and required an innovative and collaborative approach to data acquisition and...
Trade, migration and movement at Cerro de Trincheras, Sonora, Mexico (2015)
Archaeologists study the movement of potters, materials and techniques to understand migration and exchange on both a local and regional scale. Modern international divisions, such as the Mexican- US border, interrupt these research questions in the Greater Southwest culture area. In Sonora, archaeologists have clear evidence of population upheaval after AD 1300; Southern Arizona Hohokam groups migrated into the Altar Valley, bringing with them new ceramic technologies and displacing a resident...
Trading, Borrowing, Stealing, Fighting, Collaborating and Sharing: Comcáac Social Interactions with their Neighbors (2015)
The Comcáac (Seri) indigenous community provides a unique opportunity for community-based research in archaeological endeavors. Through a joint effort with several members from different families and of different age, the project constructed methodologies that integrate archaeological data with oral tradition and ethnographic information. In specific, we propose a distinct survey method with the recording of oral histories from landscape segments. This paper presents relevant results from this...
(Trans)Formation, Centralization, and the Making of a Mesa Verde Village (2017)
Our understandings of how socio-complexity developed and the role households played in those developments are often hampered because we lack adequately fine-grained chronological data to identify when and how the relationships among households change. A detailed analysis of architecture and 260 tree-ring dates at Spruce Tree House cliff dwelling has produced a new reconstruction of how the village grew and changed over time at a decade-by-decade level. The village was occupied during the 1200s –...
Transformation in Daily Activity at Tsama Pueblo, New Mexico (2015)
This paper analyzes the artifact assemblage from Tsama, an ancestral Tewa community along the Rio Chama in north-central New Mexico. This site was excavated by Florence Hawley-Ellis during a field school in 1970, but basic analyses of the resulting collections were only completed recently by the laboratory at the Crow Canyon Archaeological Center as part of a project investigating Tewa origins. We present the results of these analyses and compare the artifact assemblage from Tsama with that of...
Transnational Considerations At Japanese American Incarceration Camps (2017)
In 1942, all people of Japanese descent living along the western coast of the United States were forcibly removed from their homes and imprisoned in 10 incarceration camps. Decades after the incarceration a congressional commission found that racism, wartime hysteria and a lack of leadership led to this unjust imprisonment. The scholarship surrounding the archaeology of the incarceration centers has grown over the past twenty years, with several ongoing studies conducted by universities and the...
Travel Corridors and Economic Integration in the Chacoan Regional System (2016)
It is well known that a variety of goods flowed into the center of the Chaco regional system between 980-1140 CE. Previous research demonstrated that these goods were generally consumed within the canyon instead of redistributed to outlying settlements. Yet, a variety of indicators from peripheral areas indicate robust economic expansion during this same period and contraction in the immediate post-Chacoan period (1140-1180 CE). This suggests greater levels of exchange and interaction among...
Traveling to the Horned Serpent’s Home: Pilgrimages to Paquimé (2017)
In the 13th and 14th centuries, a new political and religious capital expanded its influence in the North American Southwest. This settlement, called Paquimé or Casas Grandes, was the focus of pilgrimages that reflected and reinforced the social dominance of the elites living at the community. However, caches of millions of ocean shell, instances of human sacrifice, and other aspects of the archaeological record indicate that Paquimé itself was likely considered a living entity that helped...
Tree-Ring Analysis at Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona (2015)
Samples of ponderosa pine and juniper have been collected from various historic sites at the Petrified Forest National Park. Historic sites include several structures that were built by the Civilian Conservation Corps in the 1930s, old fences and sign posts, as well as Navajo hogans. The CCC structures were constructed with ponderosa pine beams that were imported to the park from sources not too far from the Petrified Forest. From tree-ring analysis, climatic variations in the past can be...