arctic (Other Keyword)
176-200 (212 Records)
This is an abstract from the "Community Engaged Bioarchaeology: Centering Descendants" session, at the 89th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. This presentation is focused on highlighting the value of conducting bioarchaeological research that not only works with descendant communities, but is driven by the questions they want answered and adheres to their goals and management expectations surrounding their ancestors. Bioarchaeological projects that partner with Alaska...
Sinew Thread Production and Properties in Western Alaska (2017)
The production and functional properties of sinew thread are integral to the creation of Arctic Clothing. I focus on the creation of sinew thread from tendons and how production techniques affect thread usability in clothing production. Specifically, the strength and pliability of sinew thread. My reproduction of sinew threads is modeled upon the sinew used in extant Western Arctic garments in the collection of the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History. The strength of sinew thread is compared...
Site Damage and the Perception of Change in Northwest Greenland (2019)
This is an abstract from the "Accelerating Environmental Change Threats to Cultural Heritage: Serious Challenges, Promising Responses" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Archaeological sites in the Qaanaaq region of Northwest Greenland are under a variety of threats related to climate change. In addition to processes observed in other arctic contexts (increased coastal erosion and melting permafrost), the area has seen a dramatic surge in landslides...
The Socio-economic Dynamics of Iron Production in Viking Age Northern Iceland (2019)
This is an abstract from the "SANNA v2.2: Case Studies in the Social Archaeology of the North and North Atlantic" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Understanding how an agricultural society organized the production of iron and the trade of farming implements allows us to describe how they managed natural resources and non-agricultural activities as a community. In the North Atlantic region known for its ephemeral material culture, slags and other...
Sowing the Seeds for a Relational Archaeology: Building Relationships in Queer Inuit Communities as a Settler Archaeologist (2024)
This is an abstract from the "SAA 2024: Individual Abstracts" session, at the 89th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Relationships form the foundation of every community archaeology project. By establishing relationships with communities whose cultural heritage is intertwined with the archaeological record, archaeologists not only ensure that their work is meaningful to all connected parties but also adhere to the ethical principles of accountability and public outreach...
A Spatial Analysis of Ceramics in Northwestern Alaska: Studying Pre-Contact Gendered Use of Space (2019)
This is an abstract from the "SAA 2019: General Sessions" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Activities and production among ethnographic Arctic peoples were primarily divided by gender. This research examines whether or not gendered division of labor extended to use of space in Birnirk and Thule era (1300-150 BP) houses through analysis of ceramic distribution patterns. We assumed that ceramics are an appropriate proxy for women’s activities within...
A Statistical Analysis of Lower Component Lithic Data from the Holzman South Site, Shaw Creek Flats, Alaska (2021)
This is an abstract from the "SAA 2021: General Sessions" session, at the 86th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Archaeologists have long-recognized that post-depositional processes can affect site deposits and that these processes may introduce substantial biases in the interpretation of sites and assemblages. A frequent assumption is that, barring stratigraphic disturbances, thin, well-defined stratigraphic layers are discrete and meaningful archaeological units, but...
A Study of the Free-Backing Bow-and-Arrow System’s Functions and Social Implications in Western Alaska (AD 600–Nineteenth Century) by the Use of a Morphometrical and Mechanical Methodology (2024)
This is an abstract from the "The Global “Impact” of Projectile Technologies: Updating Methods and Regional Overviews of the Invention and Transmission of the Spear-Thrower and the Bow and Arrow" session, at the 89th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Around AD 600, cultural dynamics and a technology shift emerge among coastal Alaska Neo-Inuit people. Archaeological sites show evidence of the adoption, in a unique and innovative way, of a recurved or reflex bow of highly...
Studying Past Iñupiat Legacy Collections from the Kobuk River, Northwestern Alaska: Challenges and Benefits of Developing an Integrated Database (2024)
This is an abstract from the "Current Research and Challenges in Arctic and Subarctic Cultural Heritage Studies" session, at the 89th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Iñupiat collections from archaeological sites located along the Kobuk River, excavated by J.L. Giddings, D. Anderson, and C. Hickey in the 1940s and 1960s, are held at the University of Alaska Museum of the North and the Brown University Haffenreffer Museum of Anthropology. Their joint study requires...
Synthesis of Social-Ecological Change in the North Atlantic and US Southwest (2019)
This is an abstract from the "Celebrating Anna Kerttula's Contributions to Northern Research" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Anna Kerttula had the vision and commitment to support an experiment: two interdisciplinary research teams working in dramatically different settings, striving to find valuable insights from cross-region, cross-case studies. One team from the North Atlantic islands (NABO) and another from the US Southwest (LTVTP) combined...
Tanana Chiefs Conference: CRM in a Tribal Consortium, Interior Alaska (2023)
This is an abstract from the "SAA 2023: Individual Abstracts" session, at the 88th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Tanana Chiefs Conference (TCC) is a tribal consortium of 37 federally recognized Tribes and five village associations across subarctic Interior Alaska. Based in Fairbanks, the agency represents tribal membership across most of the Yukon River basin and the Upper Kuskokwim river basin. TCC manages a self-governance compact with the Bureau of Indian Affairs...
Taskscapes of Reindeer Herding: Changes in the Land-Use Dynamics and Campsite Organization of the Sámi Pastoralists of Northern Fennoscandia c. 700–1800 AD (2019)
This is an abstract from the "Empirical Approaches to Mobile Pastoralist Households" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Domestication of reindeer commenced amongst the Sámi of northern Fennoscandia in the 8th century AD, and was accompanied by significant cultural changes. This presentation focuses on diachronic changes in the land-use, inter- and intra-site settlement patterns and human-environmental relations. I focus especially on two pivotal...
Technological Choice and Human-Animal Relationships: A Bird's Eye View (2018)
New theoretical attitudes in zooarchaeology have begun exploring the social dimensions of human-animal relationships. As representative of both human-environment and human-material interactions, the dynamics between people and animals go well beyond household economics. This paper presents preliminary results of the analysis of avian remains from the Aleutian Islands as part of a study characterizing the complex relationship between the Unangan people and birds as it changes over time. Here,...
Temporal Studies of Salmon Isotopes at Temyiq Tuyuryaq (2019)
This is an abstract from the "Temyiq Tuyuryaq: Collaborative Archaeology the Yup’iit Way" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. This research is part of a larger collaboration with the Togiak community to excavate, analyze, and interpret the stable carbon and nitrogen isotope composition of archaeological salmon bones excavated from the Temyiq Tuyuryaq site. Sources of carbon, fueling the base of the food web and the trophic level of the salmon, are...
The Thermal and Transpirative Properties of Arctic Clothing Construction: A Women’s Adaptive Technology (2015)
The technical ability of women to engineer clothes as adaptation to the harsh arctic environment in Indigenous North America has not been extensively investigated. My research focuses on the analysis of the thermal and transpiration properties of Arctic clothing. The materials chosen for clothing have certain inherent properties that include species of animal selected, different tanning processes, patterning of the garments, seam construction, and tailoring. All these properties play into the...
Thinking through Dogs in the Arctic (2015)
Canids are among the most commonly encountered animals in archaeological assemblages worldwide. Using examples from the Arctic, I discuss some of the key ways that humans employ dogs to think about their relationships with other humans, animals, and the world around them. While dogs were often treated similar to human persons, they were also used to distance and distinguish "real people" from others. Ethnohistoric evidence suggests that a dynamic tension existed in the Arctic between humans and...
Thule Culture in South Greenland, 1500–1900 (2023)
This is an abstract from the "Climate and Heritage in the North Atlantic: Burning Libraries" session, at the 88th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. In collaboration with the NABO RESPONSE and Activating Arctic Heritage teams, Nunatta Katersugaasivia Allagaateqarfialu (Greenland National Museum and Archives) have intensively surveyed the Uunartoq Fjord, Igaliko Fjord, and Tunilliarfik Fjord, inner and outer fjord systems in South Greenland. The goal was to establish...
Tracing the Human Exploitation of Salmonids on the Pacific Coast of North America (2019)
This is an abstract from the "HumAnE Archaeology" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Pacific salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.) are important economic and subsistence resources for contemporary and past indigenous peoples of the Pacific coast of North America. The seven recognised Oncorhynchus species each occupy different ecological niches and exhibit diversity in seasonal spawning and migratory behaviours. Although salmonid remains are ubiquitous at...
Traditional Cultural Practices in America’s Last Frontier: Conceptualizing Traditional Cultural Properties in Alaska (2018)
Within the boundaries of the United States’ largest state, 44 million acres of land are owned by Native corporations created under the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (ANCSA) of 1971. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, approximately one in seven people (15.2% in 2016) in the state of Alaska are Native Alaskan or American Indian. With a significant amount of the Native population managing and utilizing lands their families have occupied for multiple generations, how is the concept of...
Transforming Marginality in Medieval Iceland: Landscape Reorganization on Hegranes, Skagafjörður (2018)
Eleventh century Iceland was a period of transition. The settlement of the island two centuries earlier set off cascading environmental and landscape changes whose agricultural consequences were then evident, including deforestation, erosion, and wetland alteration. Meanwhile, the rise of a wealthy landowning class altered the economic basis of society from primarily household production towards more centralized structures of rent extraction and tenancy. On Hegranes, a region in Skagafjörður,...
Two Balades in the Same Landscape: Perspectives of Oral History and Archaeological Survey on the Cultural Landscapes of the Dog Island Region, Nunatsiavut (2024)
This is an abstract from the "Current Research and Challenges in Arctic and Subarctic Cultural Heritage Studies" session, at the 89th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. As part of an ongoing fieldwork program in the Nain region of Nunatsiavut (Newfoundland and Labrador), the authors worked together in 2022 on a survey of Inuit archaeological sites on Dog Island and Sculpin Island. Already-known archaeological sites were revisited and a number of new sites were documented...
Two Valleys Archaeology in an Environmental Humanities Context (2023)
This is an abstract from the "Climate and Heritage in the North Atlantic: Burning Libraries" session, at the 88th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. This talk discusses the challenges of connecting the currently ongoing Two Valleys Project in Iceland to various scales of research on human ecodynamics of the past and global challenges we face in our time. This interdisciplinary project expands on previous research into human-nature interactions within various marine and...
The Use of Aerial Drones to Map, Monitor, and Analyze Inuit Sites in Northern Labrador (2021)
This is an abstract from the "Arctic Pasts: Dimensions of Change" session, at the 86th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. A photogrammetric revolution has occurred in archaeology with the appearance of software that allows objects, features, sites, and landscapes to be finely rendered as automatically stitched photomosaics and navigable 3D models. The simultaneous emergence of reasonably priced remotely piloted aircraft (RPAs, or drones) that can produce suitably...
Using Paleoenvironmental Data to Learn about Past Inuit Societies: A Case Study from the Rising Whale (KTZ304) Site at Cape Espenberg, Northwest Alaska (2024)
This is an abstract from the "Current Research and Challenges in Arctic and Subarctic Cultural Heritage Studies" session, at the 89th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. To precisely contextualize and date climate variations and practices related to living spaces at the onset of the Little Ice Age, archaeoenvironmental analyses were conducted within a winter dwelling (Feature 21) at the Rising Whale site, Cape Espenberg. Two high-resolution datasets were employed: tree...
Walking in Winter Landscapes: Reflections on Temporality and Seasonality in Stone Age Rock Art of Northern Europe (2024)
This is an abstract from the "Painting the Past: Interpretive Approaches in Global Rock Art Research" session, at the 89th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Temporal changes and surroundings are of vital importance to hunter-fisher-gatherers (HFG) and guide activities of HFG in northern Europe throughout the year. Lifeways differ between and within the regions of northern Europe, e.g., coastal northern Norway, inland central Sweden, or lake districts of Finland. The...