Spanish (Other Keyword)

DOCUMENT Citation Only John Bratten.

The first Emanuel Point Shipwreck was discovered in 1992 and the second, Emanuel Point 2, was discovered in 2006. Both of these vessels have been firmly associated with a 1559 colonization attempt of what we know today as Pensacola, Florida. In addition to the archaeological excavation and historical research given to both vessels, many specialized types of analyses have been undertaken to paint a more complete image of this 16th-century Spanish endeavor to gain a foothold in La Florida. These...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Christina G Brown.

This is an abstract from the session entitled "Glass Beads: Global Artefacts, Local Perspectives", at the 2023 annual meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology. The University of West Florida has recovered at least 36 glass trade beads since the discovery of the Tristán de Luna y Arellano settlement in 2015. This paper compares the bead assemblage recovered from the Luna settlement site in Pensacola, Florida, with Soto's winter encampment, the Governor Martin site, in Tallahassee,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Adam C Brinkman.

Labor was a core component of the early period (1598-1680) of Spanish colonization of New Mexico. After failing to uncover mineral wealth in their new colony, the Spaniards kept their colony afloat by focusing on another exploitable resource: Indigenous labor. Historical archaeologists (e.g Silliman 2001, 2004; Voss 2008) have recently been reconsidering colonialism from a framework grounded in labor relationships. We know that Pueblo Indians and enslaved Plains people were forced to work on...

DOCUMENT Citation Only John Worth.

The 1559-1561 expedition of Tristán de Luna was the largest and most well-financed Spanish attempt to colonize southeastern North America up to that time. Had it succeeded, New Spain would have expanded to include a settled terrestrial route from the northern Gulf of Mexico to the lower Atlantic coast.  While a hurricane left most of the fleet and the colony’s food stores on the bottom of Pensacola Bay just five weeks after arrival, the colonists nonetheless struggled to survive over the next...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Katherine M. Sims. Andrea P. White.

This is an abstract from the session entitled "Paper / Report Submission (General Sessions)" , at the 2022 annual meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology. Since the late sixteenth century, the fledgling colony of St. Augustine served as an anchor for the Spanish mission system that spread throughout the interior southeastern United States. At the start of the eighteenth century, the network of religious towns experienced conflict and destruction at the hands of the English and their...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jake Lulewicz. Victor Thompson. Chester B. DePratter.

This is an abstract from the "Technology in Terrestrial and Underwater Archaeology" session, at the 2019 annual meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology. Santa Elena, located on Parris Island along the South Carolina coast, was occupied between AD 1566 and 1587. During this time, it served as the location for five Spanish forts, a colonial town of over 200 settlers, and as the first capital of Spanish La Florida. We combine 30+ years of archaeological investigations with a new...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Bradford M. Jones.

Long neglected by the Spanish colonial government, the Gulf Coast of Texas became a flashpoint for French and Spanish colonial ambitions with the Sieur de La Salle’s establishment of his colony in Matagorda Bay in 1685. Excavations by the Texas Historical Commission from 1995-2002, recovered millions of artifacts from the French shipwreck La Belle (41MG86) and the Keeran Site (41VT4) – a high bluff overlooking Garcitas Creek where both La Salle’s 1685-1689 settlement Fort St. Louis and the...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Melissa Frederick.

Archaeologists have studied bone, shell, and glass beads for several decades, in search of their meaning among Native American cultures. The significance of these small artifacts among the Cherokee is evident in their mythology, personal adornment, and rituals. Thus, they represent an integral part of Cherokee cultural identity. Previous archaeological research at 40GN9, linked to the sixteenth-century Cherokee town of Canasoga located in Tennessee, demonstrated the predominantly shell beads...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Peter Von der Porten.

This paper discusses the use of metal detectors in the investigation of a late sixteenth-century Manila galleon shipwreck in Baja California, Mexico. The use of metal detectors has successfully identified artifacts and structural remains from the ship, and has aided in the delineation of the boundaries of the terrestrial portion of the wreck site. This paper discusses the types of metal targets expected on the wreck, metal detecting methodologies developed over many field seasons, examples of...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Shea Henry.

In the winter of 1503-04, Christopher Columbus was marooned and provisioned by the Taino village of Maima located on the north central coast of Jamaica.  What we know about the Taino of this village remains what was written in the accounts of those marooned Spanish explorers.  After the year spent in this village the Spanish returned to the area and founded the settlement of Sevilla la Nueva, resulting in the people of Maima becoming victims of forced labor, conversion and disease.  What is...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Gregory Cook.

Investigations on the second shipwreck identified as a vessel from Don Tristán de Luna y Arellano’s 1559 fleet have intensified during the past year due to successful funding efforts.  The site, known as "Emanuel Point II", is a well-preserved example of ship architecture related to early Spanish colonization efforts. Archaeologists and students from the University of West Florida have focused recent excavations on the vessel’s stern and midships area, and have uncovered new artifacts and...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Melissa Price. Jennifer F McKinnon. Charles Lawson.

The title of this paper illuminates the short sided approach held by those in search of "treasure" in the 1960s and 1970s in south Florida. It also provides a window into the past and present about how the Pillar Dollar Wreck in Biscayne National Park has been, and continues to be, impacted by adventure seekers, treasure salvors and looters. This paper outlines recent archaeological excavations of the Pillar Dollar Wreck and reveals there is still much to be found and studied in the shifting...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Tamra Walter. valentina martinez.

Presidio San Sabá, located in Menard County, is the largest Spanish Fort in Texas.  Occupied from 1757 to 1770, the garrison was under the command of Captain Felipe Rábago for most of its existence. Prior to and during his command, the presidio underwent several changes that reflect the political and social environment of Spanish Colonial Texas during the late 18th century.  Drawing from both archaeological investigations conducted by Texas Tech University and historical research, the story of...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Katherine M. Sims. Andrea P. White.

This is an abstract from the session entitled "Colonial Ventures and Native Voices: Legacies from the Spanish and Portuguese Empires", at the 2023 annual meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology. In the early 1700s, communities of Christianized Native Americans living in Spanish mission communities across the southeastern U.S. were being actively attacked by the British and their Native allies. By 1706, the chain of missions was reduced to only a handful of refugee settlements,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Lindsay Bloch. Charles Cobb. Nicolas Delsol. Gifford Waters.

This is an abstract from the session entitled "Paper / Report Submission (General Sessions)", at the 2023 annual meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology. We have conducted pXRF analyses on over 300 metal artifacts from Spanish colonial sites in the Americas that date from the 1500s to 1700s. Most are from the American Southeast, but the sample also includes locations in South America and the Caribbean. Sites encompass Indigenous towns visited by Spanish expeditions to presidios. The...

DOCUMENT Citation Only William L Fleming.

The PIllar Dollar wreck is well-known to treasure salvors and looters, but has only recently been investigated in an archaeological sense. East Carolina University's Program in Maritime Studies conducted an excavation of the site for the Program's 2014 Fall Field School in September. With the knowledge garnered from that project, as well as previous condition reports and treasure salvor guides, this project aims to reconstruct the vessel and learn about its origins and use. The final result will...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Katherine Brewer.

For the Spanish, conversion to Catholicism was an important part of the colonial strategy in the New World in order to have more perceived control over the indigenous groups they encountered there. In New Mexico, conversion of the Puebloan peoples became the main reason for remaining in the territory after little to no material wealth was found. Much of this conversion was forced, and the question remains as to exactly how many Puebloans converted and how many converted in public while...

DOCUMENT Citation Only John R. Bratten.

Discovered in the 1980s and designated as an archaeological site in 1992, the Santa Rosa Island Shipwreck underwent extensive investigation by the University of West Florida (UWF). Initial surveys suggested an Iberian origin, with hull construction using mahogany and Spanish cedar. From 1998 to 2002, UWF field schools excavated and documented the site, uncovering artifacts and structural elements indicative of a large colonial vessel. Analysis dated the wreck to between 1680 and 1720, aligning...

DOCUMENT Citation Only William L Fleming.

Long known to treasure hunters, the "Pillar Dollar" Wreck in Biscayne Bay, Florida, remains relatively unstudied. Ballast scatters and some wooden structures are visible on the sand, though what remains buried underneath is still a mystery. This project aims to uncover that mystery, and, if possible, reconstruct the vessel in an effort to gain more information regarding its origins and identity.

DOCUMENT Citation Only Christina Bolte. John E. Worth.

This is an abstract from the "The Archaeologies of Contact, Colony, and Resistance" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Since the 2015 discovery of the 1559-1561 Tristán de Luna y Arellano Settlement on Pensacola Bay, archaeological investigations have yielded material traces of a distinctively "New Spanish" colonial culture. In 1559, a mere 38 years after Cortes’ conquest of Mexico, Luna was dispatched from Veracruz with 12 ships, 1,500 colonists,...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Victor Thompson.

This is an abstract from the "Jesuit Missions, Plantations, and Industries" session, at the 2019 annual meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology. In 1567, the Jesuit Juan Rogel traveled to Calos, the capital of the Calusa kingdom. We now know that the capital was the archaeological site of Mound Key, located in Estero Bay, Florida. There, Juan Rogel interacted with Calusa kings and other inhabitants of the capital. This would be the first of several outposts setup by the Spanish...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Judith A Bense.

The first Spanish attempt to settle on Pensacola Bay was by Tristan de Luna in 1559-1561, but it was unsuccessful. The Spanish then focused their attention and resources on the Atlantic seaboard until the French intrusion down Mississippi and started settlements on the Gulf coast. Alarmed about the danger to their silver mines and loss of deep-water Pensacola Bay, the Spanish knew a new presidio was needed to protect that bay, but it was just too far (400 miles) from St. Augustine to be...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Jennifer F McKinnon.

Two seasons of East Carolina University’s Program in Maritime Archaeology field school have focused on the Pillar Dollar Shipwreck in Biscayne National Park. Named by locals after Spanish pillar dollar coins, the shipwreck was once a training site for treasure hunters in the 1960s. Despite suffering years of looting and treasure hunting, the shipwreck is remarkably robust with large sections of the structure buried intact. This paper presents the results of excavation and mapping on this...

DOCUMENT Citation Only Gregory D. Cook. William Wilson.

This presentation will focus on the most recent findings related to the maritime archaeology survey and excavation of the 1559 shipwrecks from the Luna expedition. During the past couple of summers, extensive remote sensing survey has been conducted in the area of the three known wrecks from the fleet, and most recently archaeologists have excavated intact hull and associated features of the second and third wrecks from the expedition.

DOCUMENT Citation Only Janet R. Lloyd. Deborah Mullins. Krista Eschbach. Sarah E. Price.

This is an abstract from the session entitled "Well, Well, Well: Papers in honor of Judith A. Bense", at the 2025 annual meeting of the Society for Historical Archaeology. The archaeological study of historically documented and undocumented intercommunity interaction between eighteenth century Spanish, French, and Native American settlements in Spanish Pensacola and French Mobile was a key focus of investigations conducted by University of West Florida (UWF) archaeologists under the direction...