Northern Zimbabwe, Mutapa, Feira, Fortificationa (Other Keyword)
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Fortifications in Mukaranga, northern Zimbabwe (1600-1700 AD): a socio-political perspective (2015)
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Portuguese written sources mention ‘great stone buildings’ including state capitals and fortified hilltops and trading centres in their accounts of the Kingdom of ‘Monomotapa’ (Mutapa State) in northern Zimbabwe in the late 16th and 17th centuries. On the one hand, feiras, the trading centres frequented by the Portuguese, served primarily commercial functions, and only fortified themselves when confronted with external military threats. On the other, the monumental, stone- built structures...