political validation (Other Keyword)
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Spondylus and Ideology: 5000 Years of Interaction between Manabi, the Circum-Gulf of Guayaquil Region and Northern Peru (2015)
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Interaction and cultural exchange between the coastal societies of northern Peru and the cultures of Manabí and Guayas are evident from the late Preceramic in Peru and early Valdivia in western Ecuador. While spondylus is the best-known material manifestation of this exchange, there is evidence of early cultural influences which predate the heavy movement of spondylus to the south and Lambayeque metalwork to the north. Other influences which can be called ideological are seen in the iconography...