Hunter-Gatherers/Foragers (Other Keyword)
201-225 (286 Records)
This is an abstract from the "SAA 2019: General Sessions" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Archaeologists researching hunter-gatherers in the Texas Coastal Plains (TCP) and Central Texas have noted differences between sexes in carbon and nitrogen isotope studies. One explanation offered for these differences is due to mate exchange, specifically patrilocality. Evidence for hunter-gatherer patrilocality in Texas also comes from the ethnographic...
Pre-contact Settlement Patterns in a Clay Pan and Wetland Environment in Australia’s Sandy Deserts (2018)
Much of the archaeological research done in the interior deserts of Australia has focused on rockshelter sites, primarily because of intact stratigraphy and better preservation than in open air contexts. However, ethnographic studies of local Martu populations have demonstrated that people rarely lived in rockshelters or caves, particularly during the wet season when populations focused around reliable soaks and clay pans. Therefore, it is necessary to study the distribution of archaeological...
Precontact Native Copper Innovation in the North American Arctic, Subarctic, and Northwest Coast (2023)
This is an abstract from the "From Hard Rock to Heavy Metal: Metal Tool Production and Use by Indigenous Hunter-Gatherers in North America" session, at the 88th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Precontact Indigenous copper technological practices within the North American Northwest vary along regional, cultural, and temporal axes. After being screened for smelted metals and alloys using pXRF compositional data, we identified multiple significant patterns of...
Prehistoric Lithic Economies at the Spring Lake Site, San Marcos, Texas (2023)
This is an abstract from the "SAA 2023: Individual Abstracts" session, at the 88th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. The Spring Lake Site (41HY160) in San Marcos, Texas, has been referred to by archaeologists as one of the longest, most continuously inhabited sites in North America. The diversity of hydrological, biological, and geological resources has made Spring Lake an attractive locale for human groups from the late Pleistocene to today. Archaeological...
Prehistoric Tool Stone Acquisition and Use in the Central Mojave Desert (2018)
Diverse rocks of the Precambrian to the Late Cenozoic are exposed across the greater Mojave Desert Region. In the central Mojave, locations with concentrations of knapable materials are prevalent. Most of these sources are deflated alluvial fan deposits; less than five percent are outcrops. Over the last 13,000 years people have been using the area, percussion biface reduction dominated at both the material extraction sites and habitation and special activity sites. Igneous materials were...
Preliminary Analyses of San Esteban (41PS20) Lithic Data: Implications for Mobility, Investment, and Dietary Predictions (2023)
This is an abstract from the "Old Technology, New Methodology" session, at the 88th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Excavations between 2019 and 2022 at San Esteban Rockshelter (41PS20) in the Big Bend region of West Texas have generated a robust archaeological assemblage. San Esteban can inform on Holocene and, potentially, terminal Pleistocene human behavior in the relatively understudied Big Bend region. By employing Baka’s technological investment index and...
Preliminary Data and Experimental Studies of Fire-Cracked Rock from Two Archaic Period Sites in North-Central Texas (2023)
This is an abstract from the "Fire-Cracked Rock: Research in Cooking and Noncooking Contexts" session, at the 88th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Recent investigations at two campsites—41DN580 and 41DN624—along Hickory Creek in Denton County are providing insights into precontact period lifeways in Texas’s Upper Trinity River basin. These sites contain deeply buried and stratified components spanning the Middle Archaic, from around 5800–2800 cal BP, making them among...
Preliminary Investigations of Archaeological Vicuña Drives on the Andean Altiplano (2019)
This is an abstract from the "SAA 2019: General Sessions" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Archaeological game drives are well documented in many parts of the world but are virtually unknown in the Andes Mountains despite millennia of large-game hunting. Using satellite imagery, we identify nearly 200 V-shaped, stone-wall structures that exhibit qualitative and quantitative properties of game drives. Furthermore the features coincide with the...
Preliminary Investigations of Mobile Forager Landscape Learning Processes in Central Western Patagonia, Chile (2023)
This is an abstract from the "SAA 2023: Individual Abstracts" session, at the 88th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Central Western Patagonia is an area characterized by climatic and landscape contrasts, with a variety of ecotones within a defined area. This region is naturally divided into different river valleys, separated by steep, ice-capped mountains. One such valley, the Ibáñez River Valley, has been investigated archaeologically since the early 1970s. The Ibáñez...
A Preliminary Overview of the Lithic Raw Material Outcrops Southeast of Crvena Stijena (Area of Vilusi–Grahovo–Boka Kotorska), Montenegro (2023)
This is an abstract from the "The Late Middle Paleolithic in the Western Balkans: Results from Recent Excavations at Crvena Stijena, Montenegro" session, at the 88th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. The Crvena Stijena rockshelter is located on the Banjani Karst Plateau in westernmost Montenegro. Excavations at one of the longest human occupation sequences in the Balkans yielded 20 Middle Paleolithic layers containing numerous artifacts and faunal remains. Recent...
A Preliminary Spatial Analysis of the Late Pleistocene Components at the McDonald Creek Site, Interior Alaska (2021)
This is an abstract from the "McDonald Creek and Blair Lakes: Late Pleistocene-Holocene Human Activity in the Tanana Flats of Central Alaska" session, at the 86th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. The McDonald Creek site (FAI-2043) is located about 30 miles south of Fairbanks, Alaska, in the Tanana Flats. Results of archaeological testing and excavations between 2013 and 2019 identified three distinct archaeological components, Components 1, 2, and 3 dating to about 13.8...
Prestige and Predation: Dugong Hunters of the Torres Strait, Australia (2019)
This is an abstract from the "Supernatural Gamekeepers and Animal Masters: A Cross-Cultural Perspective" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Large animals are particularly prone to human overexploitation for both biological and cultural reasons. Relatively rare and slow to reproduce, these populations are naturally sensitive to predation. For the hunters, evolutionary and cultural forces conspire to make these animals highly desired. This paper...
Quantifying Intra-site Spatial Patterns at Early Paleoindian Sites (2019)
This is an abstract from the "SAA 2019: General Sessions" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Understanding intra-site spatial patterning has long been a focus in archaeology. This poster focuses on patterns observed through a detailed analysis of an Early Paleoindian site. The models developed from these analyses provide testable hypothesis to compare to other mobile hunter-gatherer sites. In total, over 18,000 artifacts with exact spatial coordinates...
Quantifying the Exploitation of Faunal Remains by Preceramic Societies in Southern Belize (2018)
Beyond occasional reports of Pleistocene megafauna, there is a paucity of faunal data from the Mesoamerican Paleoindian and Archaic periods. This poster presents faunal data from three rockshelters in southern Belize located in two distinct environmental regions. Tzib’te Yux, is located in the Rio Blanco Valley in the foothills of the Maya Mountains and has an intact deposits from Cal. 14,000 to 6,000 BP. In contrast, Maya Hak Cab Pek and Saki Tzul, are both located in the interior of the Maya...
Quantitative Analysis of Bone Surface Modifications on the Bowser Road Mastodon and its Implications for the Human Predation of North American Megafauna (2019)
This is an abstract from the "Novel Statistical Techniques in Archaeology II (QUANTARCH II)" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Toward the end of the Pleistocene, North America experienced a mass extinction of large mammals, including Proboscideans such as mammoths and mastodons. The role of human predation in these extinctions is widely debated across several scientific disciplines, including Conservation Biology, Paleontology, and Archaeology. A...
The Quarry in the Forest: The Case of the Upper Guanaco River (Southern Patagonia, Argentina) (2021)
This is an abstract from the "SAA 2021: General Sessions" session, at the 86th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Hunter-gatherer forest landscape use is an ongoing discussion in Southern Patagonia. The recent finding of a silicified rock quarry on the upper Guanaco River (close to the Andean range) adds important data to the debate focused on forest intensity use and it is useful to model forest-steppe interaction. The quarry, located in the western flank of a hill, in...
Questioning Complexity: Amulet Usage and Relational Ontologies in Hunter-Gatherers from Japan and Alaska (2019)
This is an abstract from the "Cooperative Bodies: Bioarchaeology and Non-ranked Societies" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Social complexity is a term that often refers to the evolution of inequality in human populations along socioeconomic scales. This concept is historically traceable to unilineal evolutionary paradigms where reduced complexity is often defined based on othering in comparison to Western industrialized capitalism. This study...
Raw Material Sourcing of Two Terminal Pleistocene Sites in Southern Peru (2019)
This is an abstract from the "SAA 2019: General Sessions" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. I present a raw materials analysis from two terminal Pleistocene-aged sites in southern Peru: Quebrada Jaguay 280 (QJ-280) and Cuncaicha. Each site’s debitage assemblage contains multiple lithic raw material types, including obsidian, chalcedony, petrified wood, jasper, and andesite. While the obsidian has been sourced to the highland Alca volcanic field, no...
A Re-evaluation of Surface-Collected Projectile Points or Knives from the Poverty Point (16WC5) Site Using Reflectance Spectroscopy (2021)
This is an abstract from the "Case Studies in Toolstone Provenance: Reliable Ascription from the Ground Up" session, at the 86th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Nondestructive reflectance spectroscopy (VNIR-FTIR) was applied to 845 chert projectile points/knives (ppks) from the Poverty Point site (16WC5) in order to characterize the toolstone lithic networks utilized by the Late Archaic (4000–2500 BP) inhabitants of that site. This was the first systematic application...
Recognizing Early Use of Fire in the Paleolithic of Europe (2021)
This is an abstract from the "SAA 2021: General Sessions" session, at the 86th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Controlling the use of fire was a technological milestone in human evolution. The beginnings of the control of fire remain controversial because preserved hearths containing a combination of combustion residues are easily altered and their identification in the archaeological record can be hindered by taphonomic biases. Excavations at the Gruta da Aroeira...
Reconstructing a Paleoindigenous Communal Space: Living under the Trees in the Atacama Desert, Chile, 12,800–11,200 cal yrs BP (2023)
This is an abstract from the "SAA 2023: Individual Abstracts" session, at the 88th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Humans arrived in the Atacama Desert 13,000 years ago, facing one of the harshest landscapes on Earth. They settled in a rainless stretch of land with scattered patches of biotic resources fed by rainfall in the Andes. They established social networks with people from different environments, creating essential bonds to maintain viable populations. However,...
Reconstruction of pyrotechnology connected with the earliest pottery. Micromorphology and -FTIR at Xianrendong and Yuchanyan, South China. (2018)
The sites of Xianrendong (Jiangxi) and Yuchanyan (Hunan), China, contain the earliest pottery yet discovered, dating respectively 20,000 cal BP and 18,600 cal BP. This pottery is found in otherwise Late Paleolithic, hunter-gatherer contexts. To understand human activities at these caves we employed micromorphology and -FTIR on the sediments. Here we present the results of analysis of the layers containing combustion episodes, which suggest low heating temperatures at both sites. and infer...
Regional Sociopolitical Transformations among Complex Hunter-Gatherers: A Macroregional Approach to the Late Jomon of Central Hokkaido (2018)
This paper presents a new perspective on the study of the emergence of shuteibo (a type of communal cemetery enclosed by a circular embankment constructed during the Late Jomon) by employing a macroregional approach combining several analytical dimensions: 1) settlement pattern, 2) site scale, 3) household, 4) burials, and 4) interaction. This approach is crucial to understanding the sociopolitical evolution of community organization and status variability involved in the emergence of the...
Repeated Hunter-Gatherer Intensification and Population Decline Events (2023)
This is an abstract from the "The Socioecological Dynamics of Holocene Foragers and Farmers" session, at the 88th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. We test a general hypothesis that may explain large population decline events among human populations: the intensification of production generates a cross-scale tradeoff between individuals generating a surplus of energy to maximize their fitness and the vulnerability of a population as a whole to large decline events, known...
Residue Analysis by Crossover Immunoelectrophoresis (CIEP) on Siskiyou Utility Ware, a Pilot Study from Southern Oregon (2023)
This is an abstract from the "SAA 2023: Individual Abstracts" session, at the 88th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Ceramic vessels have rarely been recovered archaeologically in western Oregon or northern California. This may be the first study of its kind, where Crossover Immunoelectrophoresis (CIEP) was used to identify protein residues on Pacific Coast ceramics. On a sample of 10 Siskiyou Utility Ware sherds, three sherds contained protein residue from subfamily...