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This is an abstract from the "Modelling Human Behaviour through Ethnoarchaeology: Ethnoarchaeology as Long-Term Traditional Knowledge (L-TeK)" session, at the 90th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. The Spanish introduction of sheep to the U.S. Southwest in 1598 CE and their embrace by non-colonized early Diné (Navajo) communities in northwest New Mexico represent an important Indigenous cultural transformation in the history of North America. Not only were Diné lifeways...
The dynamics of crop spectra in the highlands of Odisha: an ethnoarchaeobotanical perspective (2025)
This is an abstract from the "Modelling Human Behaviour through Ethnoarchaeology: Ethnoarchaeology as Long-Term Traditional Knowledge (L-TeK)" session, at the 90th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. The highlands of Odisha (India) are home to numerous Adivasi communities who traditionally cultivate rice and millets in systems of shifting cultivation and permanent upland cultivation. Various agricultural policies have had notable impact on Adivasi crop spectra, increasing...
Early Occupants of Cyprus: Coastal Arrivals and Inland Explorations (2025)
This is an abstract from the "Ancient Seashore Sites and Environments in Geoarchaeology" session, at the 90th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Epipalaeolithic (c. 10-20 kya) hunters-gatherers in Southwest Asia experimented with plant and animal management and developed long-ranging, complex networks of exchange and movement, but little remains known of this period in Cyprus. The Ancient Seafaring Explorers of Cyprus Project (ASEC) extends the broader understanding of...
Ecologies of Ancestors: Examining the Intermateriality of Chachapoya Above-Ground Mortuary Architecture through Wood Anatomy, Geochemistry and Local Land-Based Knowledge in the Amazonian Andes of Peru (2025)
This is an abstract from the "Landscapes of Death: Placemaking and Postmortem Agencies" session, at the 90th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. At the cusp between Andes and Amazon, limestone cliffs cloaked in the mist of tropical montane cloud forest house the remains of Chachapoya ancestors. Given their dramatic placement within a fractured and lush environment, the “chullpa” or above-ground mortuary structures of pre-colonial Chachapoya communities have long evoked...
Eight thousand leagues of coastline and how many sites? A methodological insight into assessing shifting seashores, marine resources and socio-economic systems in prehistoric Mediterranean (2025)
This is an abstract from the "<html>Twenty Thousand Leagues (and Years!) under the Sea:<i> </i>Exploring the Place of Seashores in Prehistoric Socio-economic Systems</html>" session, at the 90th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. The Mediterranean constitutes an ecological and cultural palimpsest, a region of intense millenia-long occupation as well as a precious archive of environmental changes and refugia-phenomena since the LGM. Although cultural sites from later...
Eighteenth-Century Life After Apoplexy: A Case of a Eighteenth-Century Aristocrat from Pomerania/Poland (2025)
This is an abstract from the "The Archaeology of Care and Power" session, at the 90th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. In 2023, research and restoration work was carried out in the von Wedel family crypt in Bród, Poland. This crypt was built in the second half of the eighteenth century to serve as the final resting place for the aristocratic von Wedel family. Among the individuals identified, the remains of an elderly man stood out due to lesions observed in the...
The Elephant In the (Archaeologist’s) Room: Vignettes from the Indian Subcontinent (2025)
This is an abstract from the "Elephant Archaeology" session, at the 90th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Within the panoptic theme of elephant archaeology, this paper employs the prism of material remains to recapitulate the journey of the pachyderm in early Indian history and culture. In a land that is home to the largest population of Asian elephants, bones tell their own tales and so does iconography. While faunal remains affirm the antiquity and close association...
The elephant in the cave: A Paleolithic perspective (2025)
This is an abstract from the "Elephant Archaeology" session, at the 90th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. In this talk I will try to touch upon, and tie together, two major elements in early human adaptation, culture and perception – namely elephants and caves. Proboscideans presence in Paleolithic caves is manifested in two major ways: either as selected body-parts brought in from the hunt for human consumption, or as depictions on the cave’s walls. It is indeed...
Elephants and large butchery tools in the Lower Paleolithic of Western and Eastern Asia (2025)
This is an abstract from the "Elephant Archaeology" session, at the 90th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Allocation, procurement, and butchering of proboscideans and megaherbivores were significant to the subsistence of Lower Paleolithic hominins, supported by the persistent Acheulian toolkit. In the Levant, a faunal change around 400 thousand years ago, characterized by the declining availability of megaherbivores and the extinction of elephants, coincides with the...
Elephants in Bronze Age Central China – Megafauna / Human relationships as seen through material culture (2025)
This is an abstract from the "Elephant Archaeology" session, at the 90th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Elephant ivory in the form of unmodified tusks, partial tusks and ivory carvings as well as elephant iconography in bronze artifact forms and decorations reflect a set of engagements with this charismatic megafauna taxon during the Bronze Age in China. This paper presents various examples of elephant ivory and elephant iconography from Bronze Age contexts and...
Elucidating processes of objectification, contestation, and repair for African diasporic burial spaces (2025)
This is an abstract from the "Landscapes of Death: Placemaking and Postmortem Agencies" session, at the 90th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Human remains occupy a contested status both in bioarchaeology and culturally, wherein the same set of remains can be conceived of as a complex former person or as a disembodied object without depth. This paper explores the contested status of these remains in diasporic contexts by outlining a theoretical model called the “Black...
Enhancing Petrographic Analysis with Convolutional Neural Networks (2025)
This is an abstract from the "Practice, Theory, and Ethics of Machine Learning in Archaeology" session, at the 90th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Archaeological research has highlighted the role of mollusks in coastal communities' foodways, construction practices, and cultural traditions, but its use within pottery production has received less attention. Key morphological and chemical signatures are altered during pottery manufacture, impeding identification of...
Ethical Considerations in Closing a Zooarchaeological Comparative Collection (2025)
This is an abstract from the "Animal Matters: Ethics in Zooarchaeology from Discovery to Display" session, at the 90th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. I have spent nearly 35 years building a comparative zooarchaeological collection at New York University that includes both modern comparative specimens and heritage collections. I plan to retire in 2026, and it is likely that I will not be replaced. This presentation will address the ethical questions that surround...
"Ethics of Care in Zooarchaeology: Towards a More Compassionate Practice" (2025)
This is an abstract from the "Animal Matters: Ethics in Zooarchaeology from Discovery to Display" session, at the 90th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Historically, the treatment of animal bodies in archaeology has normalized viewing them as resources, reflecting a perspective disconnected from animals as agentive beings. In this way, settler science centers Care for animal bodies around availability for future research, naturalizing their position in colonized spaces...
An Ethno-Microarchaeological Approach to Developing a Multi-Proxy Methodology for Identifying Human Use of Dung as Fuel and Construction Material (2025)
This is an abstract from the "Modelling Human Behaviour through Ethnoarchaeology: Ethnoarchaeology as Long-Term Traditional Knowledge (L-TeK)" session, at the 90th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Animal dung has often been regarded as a secondary by-product of domestication, despite increasing evidence showing that humans recognized its value as fuel and fertilizer and used it both before and during the domestication of animals. Due to its organic nature, animal dung...
Ethnoarchaeology beyond the Ethnographic Details: Observations of Technologies Relevant to the Longer Time-Scale of Archaeological Site Formation (2025)
This is an abstract from the "Exploring the Intersection of Ethnography and Technology: Understanding the Evolution of Human Technologies through Ethnographic Research" session, at the 90th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Ethnoarchaeological data collected among Savanna Pumé hunter-gatherers of Venezuela across 30 months of fieldwork provide unique views of tool manufacture, use, and discard. Behavior observation quantified the amount of time that women and men spend...
Ethnographic Analogy for the Study of MSA Hunter-Gatherers Complexity: Potential and Limitations (2025)
This is an abstract from the "Modelling Human Behaviour through Ethnoarchaeology: Ethnoarchaeology as Long-Term Traditional Knowledge (L-TeK)" session, at the 90th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. The aim of this talk is to discuss the organization of past hunter-gatherer groups by combining preliminary analyses of the GOT-10 materials with ethnographic analogies. Since the 1800s, ethnographic and anthropological data have been crucial in interpreting prehistoric...
Evaluating Desktop 3D Laser Scanning Technology for Digital Replication of Faunal Bones (2025)
This is an abstract from the "SAA 2025: Individual Abstracts" session, at the 90th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. This poster presentation highlights the feasibility of using desktop 3D laser scanning technology for digital curation and creating accurate digital replicas of faunal bones for comparative and educational purposes. It compares the performance of two different desktop scanners, focusing on their ability to replicate the humeri, carinae, and coracoids of...
Evaluating the Impacts of Ethnographic Research among Mobile Populations on Studies of Lithics in Sedentary Societies (2025)
This is an abstract from the "Exploring the Intersection of Ethnography and Technology: Understanding the Evolution of Human Technologies through Ethnographic Research" session, at the 90th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Frameworks for the study of lithic technology mainly arose from studies of mobile, hunter-gatherer tool use and discussions of the impact of mobility on tool production and use. Within sedentary societies, however, different constraints on tool form...
Evidence for a 20,000-year sequence of Australian Aboriginal Rock Art (2025)
This is an abstract from the "New approaches to the intractable problem of dating rock art" session, at the 90th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. A decade long research project has revealed the chronology of a sequence of Australian Aboriginal rock art styles that spans, at least, 20,000 years. The Kimberley region in north-western Australia is renowned for its rich concentration of painted rock art, traditionally believed to originate from the Pleistocene. Direct...
Evidence in the African and European Rock Art Record Suggesting Awareness of Proboscidean Seismic Communication (2025)
This is an abstract from the "Elephant Archaeology" session, at the 90th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Elephants are the heaviest extant land mammals, and their capacity to impart substantial forces onto the substrates on which they tread is well documented. Such forces include a seismic component, and seismic communication between elephants has received considerable attention in recent decades. The rock art record in southern Africa suggests that ancestral humans...
Evolution of sandstone rockshelters and the age of rock art in Australia’s Kimberley region (2025)
This is an abstract from the "New approaches to the intractable problem of dating rock art" session, at the 90th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. Rock art shelters within the Warton Sandstone in the Kimberley region of northwestern Australia follow a developmental sequence that ultimately controls survival and age of paintings within them. The rockshelters develop by initial undermining followed by one or more major slab-falls of unsupported sandstone beds from the...
Experimental XRD, FTIR, and EDX Analysis of Preclassic Maya Pottery of El Pilar (2025)
This is an abstract from the "Ceramics and Archaeological Sciences" session, at the 90th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. <html> Our experimental analyses of five Middle Preclassic Maya pottery sherds were performed using XRD, ATR-FTIR, and FESEM-EDX. The study indicated that the samples can be divided into two groups associated with ceramic paste types. Mars Orange sherds made up Group 1 and small jars made up Group 2 samples. XRD separated groups by quartz and...
Exploration of White Sands' Human Trackways Using Palaeoenvironmental Reconstruction (2025)
This is an abstract from the "Footprints and Footwear" session, at the 90th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. The dating of fossil human footprints at White Sands in New Mexico to the Last Glacial Maximum brings into focus the nature of the environment at this time, and the potential resource attractors. There is already a rich body of research into the paleoenvironments which explores this climate period. In this paper, we will review this work by producing a new...
Exploring NAGPRA Best Practices in Evaluating Non-Human Animal Remains in Federally Funded Museums (2025)
This is an abstract from the "Animal Matters: Ethics in Zooarchaeology from Discovery to Display" session, at the 90th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology. My dissertation project explores the treatment of non-human animal remains within the framework of the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA). Despite growing recognition of the cultural and historical significance of certain animal remains among Native American descendant communities, NAGPRA...